DATA ANALYSIS AND

VISUALISATION USING PYTHON

(CUTM1018)

PRESENTED BY:
ANJAYA KUMAR PANDA (230101120155)
RUDRA LENKA (230101120156)
JNADATTA PATTANAYAK (230101120157)
VUNGA HARSHITHA (230101120158)
 1 Introduction to motion detection

2 Application of motion detection

CONTENT: 3 Motion Sensing and detecting

4 Types of Motion Sensing

5 Upcoming Technologies in Motion Sensing

Motion Detection in Machine Learning and Pattern

6 Recognition
INTRODUCTION TO
MOTION DETECTION
DEFINE MOTION DETECTION AS A PROCESS
THAT INVOLVES THE IDENTIFICATION OF
CHANGE IN POSITION OF AN OBJECT
RELATIVE TO ITS SURROUNDINGS OR A
CHANGE IN THE SURROUNDINGS
RELATIVE TO AN OBJECT. DISCUSS ITS
IMPORTANCE IN VARIOUS FIELDS SUCH AS
SURVEILLANCE, HUMAN-COMPUTER
INTERACTION, AND TRAFFIC CONTROL.

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APPLICATION OF MOTION DETECTION
MOTION DETECTION HAS A WIDE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS ACROSS
VARIOUS INDUSTRIES, FROM SECURITY AND SURVEILLANCE TO GAMING AND
ENTERTAINMENT. HERE'S A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF HOW MOTION
DETECTION IS UTILIZED IN DIFFERENT SECTORS

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USE OF MOTION DETECTION IN
VARIOUS FIELD
Intrusion detection: Motion sensors are a crucial
component of security systems. They trigger alarms and
record footage when unauthorized movement is detected
in homes, businesses, and public spaces, deterring or
apprehending potential intruders.

Traffic monitoring: Traffic flow and vehicle movements are

tracked by sensors, optimizing traffic light timing and
providing valuable data for transportation management.

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 automatic light :Motion-activated lights illuminate
pathways, doorways, or entire rooms when someone
enters, enhancing safety and saving energy.

Fitness tracking: Wearable devices with motion

sensors track steps, calories burned, and other fitness
metrics for personal health goals and motivation.

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Motion Sensing and detecting:
Motion sensing and detection involve the use of technologies to
identify movement in a given space. These systems are crucial in
various applications, including security, gaming, and automation.
They typically rely on sensors to capture changes in the
environment and translate them into actionable data.

A PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor detects motion by

sensing changes in infrared radiation emitted by
objects. Widely used in motion-activated
systems, it triggers responses like turning on
lights or activating alarms when it detects
movement based on heat signatures.
Video Motion Detection (VMD) uses
Microwave sensors detect motion by video cameras to identify changes in
emitting microwave pulses and measuring frames, detecting motion for
their reflections. Known for reliability in applications like surveillance, triggering
various conditions, they are used in security alerts or recordings based on
systems, automatic doors, and industrial significant pixel changes in consecutive
settings due to their ability to penetrate frames.
obstacles and cover larger areas.

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 Types of motion sensing device:

1. *Infrared Sensors (PIR):* Detects heat and movement.

2. *Ultrasonic Sensors:* Emits sound waves to detect changes.
3. *Microwave Sensors:* Uses microwave pulses for motion detection.
4. *Camera-Based Sensors:* Analyzes visual data for movement.
5. *Pressure Sensors:* Detects changes in pressure caused by movement.
6. *Magnetic Sensors:* Detects changes in magnetic fields due to motion.

1. 2. 3 4.
.

5. 6.

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 Upcoming Technologies in Motion Sensing

1. 3D Motion Sensing:* Advancements in capturing three-

dimensional movements for enhanced precision.

2. AI-Enhanced Motion Analysis:* Integration of artificial

intelligence for more accurate and context-aware motion detection.

3. Gesture Recognition:* Improved systems for recognizing

and interpreting specific gestures for interactive applications.

4. Hybrid Sensor Fusion:* Combining multiple sensor types for

comprehensive and reliable motion detection in diverse environments.

5. Energy-Efficient Sensors:* Development of sensors with

lower power consumption, extending battery life in devices.
 MOTION DETECTION IN MACHINE LEARNING AND
PATTERN RECOGNITION

-*Algorithmic Approaches:* Machine learning algorithms, including neural

networks, identify motion patterns in visual data.

- *Feature Extraction:* Relevant features extracted from frames represent

distinctive motion characteristics.

- *Training Data:* Models learn from labeled datasets, discerning patterns

associated with motion and non-motion.

- *Real-time Detection:* Advanced systems enable real-time recognition,

applicable in surveillance, robotics, and interactive environments.

- *Anomaly Detection:* Machine learning identifies unusual motion

patterns, enhancing security and threat detection.
Challenges and Limitations:
False Positives Varying Lighting Conditions
Motion detection algorithms may Changes in lighting conditions, such as shadows,
incorrectly identify reflections, or sudden changes in brightness, can affect
non-moving objects as motion, the accuracy of motion detection algorithms. These
leading to false positives. variations can result in missed detections or false negatives.
This can result in unnecessary
alerts or actions being triggered.
Computational
Requirements
Occlusions
Motion detection algorithms often require
Objects or people being partially or fully obstructed by significant
other objects can pose challenges for motion detection. computational resources, especially for real-time
Occlusions can lead to incomplete or inaccurate motion applications. This can limit the scalability and
performance of the system, particularly in
tracking, impacting the overall effectiveness of the
resource-
system.
constrained environments.
 Motion Detection Algorithms:
Frame Differencing Background Subtraction
Frame differencing is a simple and commonly used Background subtraction is another popular algorithm for
algorithm for motion detection. It involves subtracting motion detection. It involves creating a model of the
consecutive frames of a video to identify areas of background scene and then subtracting it from each
change. The resulting difference image can be frame to detect moving objects. This algorithm is useful
thresholded to detect moving objects. for scenarios where the background is relatively static.

Optical Flow Deep Learning-based Approaches

Optical flow algorithms estimate the motion of objects in Deep learning-based approaches have gained
a video by analyzing the apparent motion of pixels popularity in recent years for motion detection. These
between consecutive frames. These algorithms can algorithms use neural networks to learn and detect
provide more detailed information about the direction patterns of motion in videos. They can achieve high
and speed of moving objects. accuracy but require large amounts of labeled training
data.
 Motion detection is a crucial aspect of various applications, from security systems to computer
vision. By analyzing changes in video frames or sensor data, it enables the identification of
movement. This technology enhances surveillance, automation, and user interfaces, contributing
to improved efficiency and safety in diverse fields. Continuous advancements in algorithms and
hardware ensure ongoing improvements in motion detection capabilities.