MAA - OnPremises - Overview ORACLE

Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture
(MAA)
Blueprints for reduced planned and unplanned downtime for
the On-Premises, Exadata-based or Cloud-based Oracle Database
May 2024
Why is Availability so important?
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Impact of downtime
$350K 87 hours $10M 91%

average cost of average amount of average cost of percentage of
downtime per hour downtime per year unplanned data companies that
center outage or have experienced
disaster an unplanned data
center outage in the
last 24 months

Key terminology
High availability Disaster Recovery

A system type with redundant components A method of protecting computer systems
and enabling software that provides consistent from failure, in which standby equipment
and uninterrupted service, even in the event of automatically takes over when the main
hardware or software failures. system fails.
Recovery Time Objective (RTO) Recovery Point Objective (RPO)

Time to resume application service after Tolerance for data loss (sec’s, hours, days);
failure. The shorter the Recovery Time impacted by frequency of backups and
Objective (RTO) the quicker you get replication approaches.
back to business.

MAA & Chaos Engineering – Breaking things to ensure your peace of
mind
Chaos Engineering is the art form of

experimenting (i.e. proactively breaking
things) on a system in order to build
confidence in a system’s resilience to
withstand turbulent events in production
In today’s digital age, this may include but is not

limited to:
• Network, server & storage failures
• Human errors & data corruption
• Data corruption
• Power failures or site failure (i.e. Godzilla attack or hurricane)
• Application, database & server software updates
• Data reorganization or changes
• Application changes and optimizations
MAA: Blueprints for Oracle Database HA & DR
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Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
Standardized Reference Architectures for Never-Down Deployments
Continuous availability
Customer insights and expert recommendations

Platinum
Application Online Edition-based

Continuity Redefinition Redefinition
Data protection
Reference 24/7 HA features,

architectures configuration
Replication and operational Flashback RMAN ZDLRA+ ZRCV
practices
Gold
Active replication
Production site Replicated site
Deployment choices Active Data Guard Full Stack DR GoldenGate

Silver
Scale out & Lifecycle
Generic Systems Engineered Systems BaseDB, ExaDB/ExaCC Autonomous DB

Bronze
Globally Distributed
Zero Downtime Migration (ZDM) RAC FPP
Database

MAA reference architectures
Availability service levels
Bronze Silver Gold Platinum
Dev, test, prod Prod/departmental Business critical Mission critical
Bronze + Silver + Gold +
Single instance DB Database HA with RAC DB replication with Active GoldenGate

Data Guard
Restartable Application continuity
Edition based redefinition
Backup/restore Globally Distributed
Database (optional)

Oracle Database 23ai MAA Availability Features
Rolling Patching for Single Server

Globally Distributed DBMS_ROLLING with
Complex Changes Rolling Database
DB with RAFT Application Continuity
Maintenance
Standby
REDO
Data Guard Redo

FPP Lite Exadata Decryption for Hybrid
Fleet Update In-Database Firewall
DR Configurations
10
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Oracle Database 23ai MAA Scalability Features
RAC Smart Connection True Cache Real-time Query for Clusterware

Load Balancing PDB Standby Resiliency
Standby
TEMPFILE
Automatic tempfile
Ordered Sequences creation on the Oracle RAC Fast Start RDMA-based
with Oracle RAC standby database Reconfiguration Exadata RAC Scaling
11
Oracle MAA – Proven at Thousands of Customers
12 Copyright © 2024 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Thousands of Critical Deployments, On-Premises & Cloud
88% of Fortune Global 100 Run Exadata | 39% Run Exadata Cloud
Superior Architecture
for ALL Workloads
• Petabyte Warehouses
• Super Critical Systems
• Financial Trading
• Process manufacturing
• E-commerce
• Complex Applications
• SAP, Fusion Apps, E-Business
Suite, NetSuite, Siebel, PeopleSoft, …
• Database Consolidation
• Maximum Availability Architecture

Oracle MAA
Designed to Address the Complete Range of Business Requirements
Oracle Database
On Premises On Cloud
Common Platform – On Premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud

Big Differentiator
Oracle Enterprise Manager Provides a Single Pane of Glass
Single pane of glass for hardware
OEM 13c and software management across
cloud and on-premise
Centralized diagnostics, tuning and
lifecycle activities
Fleet-wide automation across Oracle
Cloud and on-premises assets
Integrated named credentials
and auditing
Diagnostics Tuning Lifecycle Management

Real Application Cloud Management
Testing

BRONZE Primary Availability Domain Secondary Availability Domain
Single
Dev, Test, Prod - Single Instance or Instance
Multitenant Database with Backups Database
Local Replicated
• Single Instance with Clusterware Backup Backups
Restart
• Advanced backup/restore with
RMAN Outage Matrix
• Optional ZDLRA with Unplanned Outage RTO / RPO Service Level Objectives (f1)
incremental forever and near
Recoverable node or instance failure Minutes to hour (f2)
zero RPO
• Storage redundancy and Disasters: corruptions and site failures Hours to days. RPO since last backup or
validation with ASM near zero with ZDLRA
• Multitenant Database/Resource Planned Maintenance

Management with PDB features Software/hardware updates Minutes to hour (f2)
• Online Maintenance Major database upgrade Minutes to hour
• Some corruption protection f1 : RPO=0 unless explicitly specified
f2 : Exadata systems has RAC but Bronze Exadata configuration with Single Instance database
• Flashback technologies running with Oracle Clusterware has highest consolidation density to reduce costs

Oracle Clusterware for Automatic Restart
1. Oracle Clusterware is available for all Oracle Databases

2. Enables HA capabilities and resource management:
• Automatic Restart of database instances, listeners and other resources
• Fleet patching
• Service management including restarting service after failure
• Automatic Storage Management (ASM) for HA, data protection and ease of use
• Trade off: additional software maintenance for Grid Infrastructure

Advantages of Multitenant Architecture
Isolation and agility with economies of scale
Self-contained PDB for each application

AP
• Applications run unchanged
GL OE
• Rapid provisioning (via clones)
• Portability (via pluggability)
Common operations performed at CDB level

• Manage many as one (upgrade, HA, backup)
• Granular control when appropriate
Shared memory and background processes

• More applications per server
Complementary to VMs

Oracle Multitenant Features
Rapid cloning and Manage many Improve agility Enhance Integration

provisioning as one for development security with Oracle RAC
• Local clones and • Database teams • Separation of duties • High availability
remote clones consolidation • Pre-configured • Data security • Scalability
• Snapshot clones • Improve service level
• Resource isolation • Flexibility
productivity agreement
• Refreshable PDBs
• Maintain granular • Compatibility
control • Interface

Pluggable Database Backup, Restore and Recovery
• Backup and restore pluggable database …

• Create Restore Point ‘before_event’ for pluggable database…
• Normal or Guaranteed Restore Point
• Clean Restore Point
• Flashback Pluggable Database

• Complete ZDLRA support

Oracle Recovery Manager - RMAN
Database Integrated Backup and Recovery
• Unique knowledge of database file

formats and recovery procedures
• Oracle block validation RMAN Disk Tape
• Online block-level recovery
• Native encryption, compression
• Table/partition-level recovery
• Oracle Multitenant support
Tape
• Tape and cloud backups
• Unified Management
Fast Recovery
Data Files Area (FRA) Cloud

RMAN Enhancements for Table Recovery
Primary Auxiliary 1) Check Auxiliary Instance Disk Space

Instance Instance Space • Automated Table Recovery requires disk space for
1 SYSTEM, SYSAUX, UNDO and User Tablespace(s)
• Pre-check for space in the Auxiliary Instance disk
Data Pump space to avoid failures in the middle of the process
2 Import
Different Schema
2) Recovery Across Schema
• Enables Table level recovery under different schema
• Provide OLD: NEW Schema(s) under REMAP TABLE
RMAN
Restore RECOVER TABLE hr.department, sales.product
UNTIL SCN 1234 AUXILIARY DESTINATION
RMAN ’/tmp/’ REMAP TABLE
Backups hr.department:dev.testdepartment,
sales.product:mkt.newproduct;

Recovery Appliance Recommended EM Real-Time
Protection Status
& Space Monitoring
Databases Day 1 Full
Cloud
Storage
Day 2 Changes N
Day 2 State
1 State
Transactional
Block a
Remote
Changes
Replica
Virtual
Day N Changes
Full
Backup
Oracle DB 12c-21c No More Full Backups, Tape

on Any Platform Incremental Forever
End-to-End Oracle Recovery Validation

Near Zero Data Loss for DR

Database and Exadata Health Checks
Assessment Report Findings & Recommendations MAA Score Card

• Health Score, Summary, • How to Solve the problem? • MAA architectural readiness
Findings and configuration practices
Note: Automated Orachk/Exachk Healthcheck MOS 107954.1 updated frequently

Online Operations
Redefine your data structures without taking tables offline
• Online Redefinition: reorganize and

redefine tables online
• Examples:
• add/drop/rename/reorder columns
Query Source Redefinition Result Table
• change physical storage structures Source Table
• Updates / queries not interrupted

• Resumes at point of any failure Continuous
• Ability to enable fast rollback to prior application
workload Update
definition if needed Tracking Redefinition Updates
Store Updates
• Ability to monitor progress throughout (Materialized View)
redefinition operation

Flashback Technologies
Rewind Button for Oracle Databases
Application or
Human Error
• Fast point-in-time recovery (PITR)

without expensive restore operation
• Error investigation
• View data as of previous point in time
• Error correction Rewind Data
• Back-out a transaction
• Incorrect table updates
• Rewind the entire database
• New in Oracle Database 23ai:
• Flashback Time Travel operates at the
transactional level tracking and
archiving transactional changes to
tables

SILVER Primary Availability Domain Secondary Availability Domain
RAC
Prod/Departmental Database
Bronze +
Local Replicated
• Real Application Clustering (RAC) Backup Backups
• Application Continuity
• Globally Distributed Database
(Optional)
• Provides fault isolation,
Outage Matrix
scalability, and geographical Unplanned Outage RTO/RPO Service Level Objectives(f1)
distribution Recoverable node or instance failure Single digit seconds (f2)
Disasters: corruptions and site failures Hours to days. RPO since last backup or
near zero with ZDLRA
Checklist found in MAA OTN Planned Maintenance
https://www.oracle.com/a/tech/docs/application- Software/Hardware updates Zero (f2)
checklist-for-continuous-availability-for-maa.pdf
Major database upgrade Minutes to hour
f1: RPO=0 unless explicitly specified
f2: To achieve zero downtime or lowest impact, apply application checklist best
practices; Batch jobs should be deferred outside planned maintenance window.
Oracle RAC = Unique Scalability and Availability
Scale applications online and protect from outages at the same time
Without any application changes required, Oracle RAC

• Protects your applications from unplanned server outages by
transparently failing over connections to the remaining servers
• Reduces application downtime during planned maintenance by
gracefully migrating sessions to other servers in the cluster
• Scales all applications, including the world’s most complex
transaction processing (OLTP) and analytics workload, by allowing
to add more servers online without the need to rebalance data
Oracle RAC 23ai new features include:

• Smart Connection Rebalance
• Local Rolling Database Maintenance
• Ordered Sequences performance optimization, etc..

Fleet Patching & Provisioning
Patch Simple
• License included with RAC
• Fleet Patching & Provisioning (FPP) offers
effortless repeatable standardized out-of-place
patching automation at scale for the Oracle Single Instance Databases
Database
• Fleet Patching & Provisioning provides

advanced features such as:
• Gold image-based drift detection FPP Server
• Integrated job scheduling Real Application Clusters (RAC)
• User actions for extensibility
11.2.0.4
• Comprehensive Exadata Patching
12.1.0.2
• Oracle Database 23ai simplifies and enhances 12.2.0.1
FPP to provide full-stack Exadata patching
Exadata Software Infrastructure
19.16.0
23.4.0
Gold Image Repository

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Transparent Application Continuity (TAC)
Keeps applications online during outages without requiring any custom error handling
• Hide downtime from end-users

• TAC rebuilds the session state and replays in-flight
transactions as part of automated session failover
✔️
• Eliminate errors unless unrecoverable
• For both planned maintenance and unplanned outages
• Fast Application Notification (FAN) and session draining

• FAN notifies clients of database status changes - helps
Transparent
break applications out of TCP timeouts Application Continuity
• Draining causes sessions to complete their work on a given
instance to prepare the node or the database for
maintenance - no application changes required
• Best used with an Oracle (compatible) connection pool

• Oracle Database 23ai provides Application Continuity
through DBMS_ROLLING operations.

Global scale with Globally Distributed Database
Horizontal partitioning of data across
independent databases (shards)
• Each shard holds a subset of the data
• Replicated for high availability
Shared-nothing architecture
• Shards don’t share any hardware (CPU,
memory, disk), or software (Clusterware)
Massively Parallel Processing

• Application connects directly to a shard
• Multi-Shard queries go through coordinator
Ideal for data sovereignty

• User-defined data placement for complying
with regulatory requirements
• New in Oracle Database 23ai:
• RAFT replication option for Globally
Distributed Database
Active-active Globally Distributed Database
Raft Replication
Built-in replication, integrated with transaction execution
Fast and automatic sub-3-second failover with zero data loss
Active-active, symmetric configuration
• Each shard accepts writes and reads for a subset of data
Easy: no need to configure Data Guard or GoldenGate for shards
Globally Distributed Database is divided into multiple replication units

• Replication unit replicas are spread evenly across 3 (or more) shards
• Each shard is both a primary (leader) for some replication units and a
follower (replica) for other replication units
Builds on popular Raft distributed consensus protocol

• Guarantees consistency among replicas in case of failures, network
partition, message loss, or delay
• Automatic reconfiguration after failure, or when the number of
shards changes

GOLD Primary Region
AD2
DG FSFO
AD1
Secondary Region
Mission Critical
Silver +
• Active Data Guard or Data Guard
Local Local Primary Remote Local
• Comprehensive Data Protection backup Standby RAC RAC Standby RAC backup
MAA Architecture:
• At least one standby required
across AD or region.
Outage Matrix
Unplanned Outage RTO/RPO Service Level Objectives (f1)
• Primary in one data center(or AD)
replicated to a Standby in another Recoverable node or instance failure Single digit seconds (f2)
data center
Disasters: corruptions and site failures Seconds to 2 minutes. RPO zero or
• Data Guard Fast-Start Failover seconds
(FSFO)
Planned Maintenance
• Local backups on both primary and
standby Software/Hardware updates Zero (f2)
Major database upgrade Less than 30 seconds

f2: To achieve zero downtime or lowest impact, apply application checklist best practices; Batch jobs
should be deferred outside planned maintenance window.
Storage Remote Mirroring Architecture
Generic - Must Transmit Writes to All Files

…. INCLUDING CORRUPTED BLOCKS OR BAD DATA
Primary Database Mirrored Volumes
Oracle Instance (in memory)

• Zero Oracle validation
• 7x network volume
• 27x network i/o
SYNC or ASYNC
block replication

Data Guard Addresses Shortcomings of Storage Replication
Inadequate isolation, zero application-level validation
“…when something happens in the I/O stack and a database

write is malformed Symmetrix A happily replicates the faulty
data to site B and the corruption goes undetected”
EMC BLOG with Integrity

Oracle Data Protection
Gold – Comprehensive Data Protection
Capability Physical Block Corruption Logical Block Corruption

Dbverify, Logical checks for intra-block and
Manual
Physical block checks

Analyze inter-object consistency
RMAN, ASM Physical block checks Intra-block logical checks
• Continuous physical block checking at standby • Detect lost write corruption, auto
Active Data • Strong isolation to prevent single point of failure shutdown and failover
Guard • Automatic repair of physical corruptions • Intra-block logical checks at
Runtime
• Automatic database failover (option for lost writes) standby
In-memory intra-block checks,

Database In-memory block and redo checksum
shadow lost write protection
ASM Automatic corruption detection and repair using extent pairs
Exadata HARD checks on write, automatic disk scrub and repair HARD checks on write

Oracle Data Guard
Primary Secondary • Basic in-memory redo replication

Site Site (included with DB EE)
- License primary and secondary sites
• Active-passive
- Standby is used only for failovers
Sync or Async Replication
via in-memory Redo • Automatic failover to Standby site
• Zero / near-zero data loss
• Continuous data validation

Data Guard Broker
(Enterprise Manager Cloud Control or DGMGRL) • Simple migrations and upgrades

Oracle Active Data Guard
Primary Secondary
Site Site • Active standby databases
- Real-time queries, reports, backups
- Occasional updates (19c)
- Assurance of knowing system is operational
DML Redirection
Zero data loss at • Automatic block repair
Any distance
Rolling Database
• Application Continuity
Upgrades - In-flight transaction protection
Automatic Block Repair
• Zero data loss across any distance
Data Guard Broker • Global Data Services

(Enterprise Manager Cloud Control or DGMGRL)
Offload fast
- Automated workload management
Offload read mostly
workload to open incremental
standby database backups

Active Data Guard Far Sync
Zero Data Loss Protection at Any Distance
SYNC ASYNC
Limited distance Any distance
Redo compressed over WAN
Far Sync Instance

Primary Database • Oracle control file and log files Active Standby Database
• Production copy • No database files • Zero data loss failover target
• No media recovery • Database open read-only
• Offload transport compression and/or • Continuous Oracle validation
encryption • Manual or automatic failover

Unplanned Outages, Application Continuity expanded to the Standby
Outage or Interruption at Database:
• Database Request interrupted by an Outage or timeout
• Session reconnects to the RAC Cluster (or Standby) and
✔️ • Database Request replays automatically
• Result from Database Request returned to user
• Oracle Database 23ai provides Application Continuity through
DBMS_ROLLING operations.
Transparent
Application Continuity
Primary RAC Database Active Data Guard Standby

Extend Footprint of ADG Applications
Support for DML Re-direction
• DML Re-direction is automatically performed from

an Active Data Guard standby to the primary (ACID uncompromised)
• New parameter ADG_REDIRECT_DML controls DML Redirection
• New ADG_REDIRECT_DML and ADG_REDIRECT_PLSQL
DATA IS VISIBLE
• “Read-Mostly, Occasional Updates” applications TO CLIENT
supported for Oracle Database 19c and above DML
DML IS REDIRECTED TO PRIMARY
DML IS APPLIED TO PRIMARY
DATA CHANGE IS STREAMED TO PRIMARY
PRIMARY ACTIVE STANDBY

NEW IN
ADG
Standby Result Cache Preservation 21c
Keep the Result Cache warm after a role transition
PRESERVED • Real-Time Query supports the Result Cache for

CONNECTIONS queries run on the standby database (tables only)
• Result Cache improves query performance for
READ ONLY
recurring queries and reduces resource usage (CPU, I/O)
• In 21c and above, after a role transition (switchover or

failover), the Result Cache is preserved
• Query performance not impacted
RESULT
• No cache warm-up required
CACHE
SWITCHOVER
Standby Primary
Database Database
(old primary) (old standby) PRESERVED
RESULT CACHE

Multi-Instance Redo Apply Performance
Lower Latency Active Data Guard Standby Databases
• Utilizes all RAC nodes on the Standby database to parallelize recovery

• OLTP workloads on Exadata show great scalability
7000
6000
Standby 5000
Apply
Rate 4000 5000
MB/sec
3000
2000 2752
1000 1400
1480
700 740
190 380
0
1 Instance 2 Instances 4 Instances 8 Instances
OLTP Batch
Active Data Guard Rolling Maintenance and Upgrades
Using DBMS_ROLLING package
WHILE THE USERS

ACCESS THIS UPGRADE THIS
THEN SWITCHOVER
PRIMARY TRANSIENT
LOGICAL STANDBY
• Use a transient logical standby database to upgrade with very little downtime.
• The only downtime is as little as it takes to perform a switchover.
• Oracle Database 23ai provides Application Continuity Support

Data Guard per Pluggable Database
Available with Oracle Database 21c
• Two Container Databases (CDB) actively running Real-time Query
workload
• Both open read-write with different database IDs
UNPROTECTED SOURCE TARGET SOURCE TARGET UNPROTECTED
PDB PDB PDB PDB PDB PDB
• Disaster Protection at the PDB level
• No need to fail over a full Container Database
• Role transition on a single PDB with Data Guard
Broker
• Automatic gap fetching from the source
• ASYNC support
• Real-Time Query for DGPDB configurations now Primary CDB Primary CDB
available in Oracle Database 23ai

PLATINUM Primary Region Secondary Region
AD2 AD1 AD1 AD2
Extreme Critical
Gold + GG
• GoldenGate Active/Active Replication
Replication
Local Local
• Edition-based Redefinition
backup Standby RAC Primary RAC Primary RAC Standby RAC backup
(Alternative)
MAA Architecture:
• Each GoldenGate “primary” replica
protected by Exadata, RAC and
Outage Matrix
Active Data Guard Unplanned Outage RTO/RPO Service Level Objectives
• Primary in one data center (or AD) (f1)
replicated to another Primary in Recoverable node or instance failure Zero or single-digit seconds (f2/f3)
remote data center (or AD)
• Oracle GG & Edition-based Disasters including corruptions and site failures Zero (f3)
Redefinition for zero downtime
application upgrade Planned Maintenance
• Local backups on both sites Most common software/hardware updates Zero (f2)
• Achieve zero downtime through Major database upgrade, application upgrade Zero (f3)
custom failover to GG replica
f2: To achieve zero downtime or lowest impact, apply application checklist best practices
f3: Application failover is custom or with Global Data Services
GoldenGate or Alternatively Edition-based Redefinition to Further
Protect Your Applications
Use Oracle Golden Gate Use Edition-based Redefinition

Standard Approach Alternative



Oracle GoldenGate Architecture
Multiple primaries ensure maximum availability even during maintenance periods
• Eliminates downtime with Bi-

directional full active-active
replication between regions
• Asynchronous logical replication
provides flexibility for
maintenance activities
• Different hardware supported Primary RAC in Region 1 Primary RAC in Region 2
• Regional affinity supports
geographical distribution Bi-directional
• Combine with synchronous local Asynchronous Logical Replication

standby databases or remote
standby databases using Active
Data Guard to eliminate data loss

Oracle GoldenGate Architecture
Capture: committed transactions are captured (and can be filtered) as they occur by reading the
transaction logs.
Trail: stages and queues data for routing.
Distribution Server/Receiver: distributes data for routing to target(s).
Route: data is compressed, encrypted for routing to target(s).
Delivery: applies data with transaction
integrity.
Trail Trail
Capture Files Dist. Receiver Files Delivery
Service Service
LAN / WAN / Internet
Over TCP/IP
Delivery Trail Receiver Dist. Trail Capture

Service Service
Source Files Files Target
Oracle & Non-Oracle Oracle & Non-Oracle
Database(s) Database(s)
Bi-directional
Key GoldenGate Improvements Simplify Platinum
1. GoldenGate Hub simplifies migration and administration by offloading work from source
and target
• New GoldenGate cloud marketplace automates GG hub deployment
• Cross endianness capture enables cross platform migration
• Zero Downtime Migration integration with GoldenGate
2. GoldenGate Microservices simplifies administration and management
Zero Downtime Migration

www.oracle.com/goto/zdm
Resource Link: Oracle Database Migration with an Oracle GoldenGate Hub Configuration
Resource Link: Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) GoldenGate Hub

Oracle GoldenGate
MAA Best Practices
• Transparent Role Transitions in Data Guard Configurations

• No manual intervention required with FSFO and DG Broker
• Configuration makes use of:
• Oracle Grid Infrastructure Bundled Agent (XAG)
• DBFS or ACFS for shared GoldenGate files (trails and checkpoint files)
• Role based services
• Integrated Extract (with HANDLEDLFAILOVER option for ASYNC DG)
• Microservices Architecture for simpler administration
Resource Link: Transparent Role Transitions with Data Guard and Oracle GoldenGate

Sample GoldenGate MAA Deployment
Observer
Primary Database Standby Database
Integrated LogMining
Extract Server
ADG Redo Transport
(SYNC or ASYNC)
Trail and other OGG Files Bidirectional

In DBFS GoldenGate Replication
Redo Transport
OCI Connection
File I/O
Warehouse

Sample GoldenGate MAA Deployment – Post Role Transition
Observer
(OLD) Primary Database (NEW) Primary Database
LogMining LogMining Integrated

Server Server Extract
ADG Redo Transport

(SYNC or ASYNC)
Trail/Checkpoint/BR Files Bidirectional

In DBFS GoldenGate Replication
Redo Transport
OCI Connection
File I/O
Warehouse



Edition-Based Redefinition
Online Application Upgrade
• Enables application upgrades to be performed

online
• Code changes installed in the privacy of a new
edition
• Data changes are made safely by writing only Current app Upgraded app
to new columns or new tables not seen by the
old edition
• An editioning view exposes a different Editioning
projection of a table into each edition to allow Views
each to see just its own columns

• A cross-edition trigger propagates data
changes made by the old edition into the new
edition’s columns, or (in hot-rollover) vice-
versa
Current Upgraded
edition edition

How does OCI cloud automation enhance MAA in the cloud?

Eliminates Site Downtime
Oracle Autonomous Data Guard
Maintains a real-time remote copy of a production database

• Protects from physical disasters, network outages
• Can automatically switches from primary to remote copy
Maintains copy by applying physio-logical changes

• Protects against database corruptions
• Validates data consistency as changes are applied
Fully Autonomous – Automates Everything

• Creation, operation, patching, and backup
• Database and Data Guard management
76
Region 3
Hybrid Cloud – Disaster Recovery & Back-ups
Observer
AVAILABILITY / AUTOMATION 1
Customer premises OCI Region

Backup to the cloud
RMAN
Customer-specific
Primary Physical
RAC
standby
Instantiate & operate

Backup
ACTIVE Data Guard configuration
DATA GUARD
Gold Outage Matrix 2
Manual PLANNED Zero Zero
GOLDEN (capture & delivery) MAINTENANCE
GATE UPGRADE Zero Secs
RECOVERABLE Zero Secs

1Customer responsibility
Customer FAILURE 2 Best case scenario
MAA LEVEL
responsibility UNRECOVERABLE
FAILURE
Zero Secs (FSFO + SYNC or FAR SYNC
+ GoldenGate)
Hybrid Cloud: Recommended Hybrid Sources/Destinations
To DBCS To Exadata Cloud To Autonomous
Customer OCI Region Customer OCI Region Customer OCI Region
premises premises premises
Active Data Guard Active Data Guard GoldenGate

Single DBCS VM
Instance Single Instance Exadata ExaCS SI/RAC ADB-S
Customer OCI Region Customer Customer Customer OCI Region

premises premises premises premises
Active Data Guard GoldenGate

Active Data Guard
RAC DBCS VM Exadata ExaCC Exadata ADB-D
RAC
• All Hybrid configurations are achieved manually: no Control Plane automation

• On-premises non-Exadata to ExaCC/ExaCS is possible but beware of exclusive features
Oracle Database@Azure MAA Gold Level | Cross AZ Replication
Mission Critical Deployment with Disaster Recovery
Azure Region OCI Region ✓ High Availability with RAC
OCI Managed ✓ Automated Oracle (Active)
Availability Zone 1 OCI
Services Data Guard setup via OCI
VNet
Managed
Network
Console or APIs
Automatic
Backup ✓ Site failure protection
Object Storage
✓ Comprehensive corruption
prevention
ExaDB-D
Primary ✓ Rolling upgrades
Data Guard
Active
✓ Offload work to standby
Availability Zone 2 OCI Vault with read-mostly scale-out
VNet
Automatic
Backup
ExaDB-D
Standby Object Storage

Summary 1 High Availability and Disaster Recovery is an absolute
requirement for businesses today who require operations
around the clock
2 Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)

provides a tiered set of blueprints tailored to meet
your RTO and RPO requirements
3 Oracle MAA can be utilized to optimize business

continuity for both planned maintenance and
outage events across many different platforms
spanning on-premises & cloud

External Resources
Maximum Availability Architecture

• MAA Home:
• http://oracle.com/goto/maa
• On-Premises MAA:
• https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/high-availability/oracle-database-maa-best-
practices.html
• Exadata MAA:
• https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/high-availability/exadata-maa-best-
practices.html
• Cloud MAA:
• https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/high-availability/oracle-cloud-maa.html

It’s now time for Q&A

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MAA - OnPremises - Overview ORACLE

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Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture

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$350K 87 hours $10M 91%

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High availability Disaster Recovery

Recovery Time Objective (RTO) Recovery Point Objective (RPO)

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Chaos Engineering is the art form of

In today’s digital age, this may include but is not

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Customer insights and expert recommendations

Application Online Edition-based

Reference 24/7 HA features,

Deployment choices Active Data Guard Full Stack DR GoldenGate

Scale out & Lifecycle

Generic Systems Engineered Systems BaseDB, ExaDB/ExaCC Autonomous DB

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Bronze Silver Gold Platinum

Dev, test, prod Prod/departmental Business critical Mission critical

Bronze + Silver + Gold +

Single instance DB Database HA with RAC DB replication with Active GoldenGate

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Rolling Patching for Single Server

Data Guard Redo

RAC Smart Connection True Cache Real-time Query for Clusterware

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Common Platform – On Premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud

Diagnostics Tuning Lifecycle Management

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• Multitenant Database/Resource Planned Maintenance

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1. Oracle Clusterware is available for all Oracle Databases

• Trade off: additional software maintenance for Grid Infrastructure

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Self-contained PDB for each application

Common operations performed at CDB level

Shared memory and background processes

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Rapid cloning and Manage many Improve agility Enhance Integration

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• Backup and restore pluggable database …

• Flashback Pluggable Database

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• Unique knowledge of database file

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Primary Auxiliary 1) Check Auxiliary Instance Disk Space

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Databases Day 1 Full

Oracle DB 12c-21c No More Full Backups, Tape

End-to-End Oracle Recovery Validation

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Assessment Report Findings & Recommendations MAA Score Card

Note: Automated Orachk/Exachk Healthcheck MOS 107954.1 updated frequently

• Online Redefinition: reorganize and

• Updates / queries not interrupted

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• Fast point-in-time recovery (PITR)

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