SENTENCE CONNECTORS

SENTENCE CONNECTORS / LINKERS

1. Similarity
likewise similarly correspondingly by the same token in the same way
 Men must wear a jacket and a tie; similarly, women must wear a skirt or a dress, not
trousers.
 She was late and I similarly was delayed.
 You can't teach navigation in the middle of a storm. Likewise, you can't build a system of
values in the current educational climate.

2. Contrast CONTRAST

a. Direct Opposition On the other

hand
 Ali worked hard. On the other hand/In contrast/ However, Okan hardly did In contrast
any work at all. conversely
 Metin is lazy. However, his brother is quite diligent (=hard working).
 George is an optimist. In contrast/However/, Bill is a pessimist. however
 Extroverts love crowds. In contrast, introverts prefer solitude. yet
still
 Six is more than five; conversely, five is less than six. nonetheless
b. Denial of Expectation (Unexpected result) nevertheless
 She studied diligently for several months. even so
Nevertheless/However/Yet/Nonetheless, she failed. in spite of this
despite that/this
 George is very handsome. Yet, he is not popular with girls.
 My uncle is 70 years old now. Nonetheless, he maintains his interest in legal matters.
 It's raining. Even so, we must go out.

3. RESULT
Result as a consequence
accordingly
 Heforpassed
this/that
hisreason
exams. Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/Consequently, he had some
therefore
as a result
consequently
hence
thus
because of that/this

good news to tell his parents.

 Professor Brown is an outstanding scientist. Hence, he is highly respected.
 He has been studying hard for a long time. Thus, he has made considerable progress.
 He lacks self-confidence. As a consequence, he is unlikely to be successful.
 The demand has increased sharply. Accordingly, the prices are higher now.

4. Addition and Listing

ADDITION AND LISTING

also besides further moreover furthermore in addition
first (firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, for one thing )
secondly (second, in the second place, for another thing)
thirdly (third, in the third place)
finally, lastly, last of all







 Aykut plays football. Moreover/ Besides/ Also, he runs a restaurant.
 Necla writes short stories, in addition, she writes articles for a newspaper.
 To prepare his homework, Jack went through various history books. Furthermore, he
took notes from several encyclopedias.

129
 SENTENCE CONNECTORS

 During her spare time, Ayla practices the piano; in addition, she plays the violin.
 I prefer to buy fruits and vegetables in the open market because they are quite cheap
there. Besides, they are much fresher than fruits and vegetables sold at the
greengrocers'.
 Living in a big city offers good job opportunities. Also, it provides good educational
opportunities.
 All docs not have a gift for music. Moreover, he lacks motivation to practice music.
Therefore, he can't become a good musician.
 Owning a car has some advantages. First (First of all/Firstly/ To begin with), it gives
you comfort. Secondly, it saves you a lot of time. Thirdly, it gives you great freedom of
movement.

130
 SENTENCE CONNECTORS

5. Time
 I read the morning papers for a while. Afterwards, I took a shower. TIME
 First pick up the receiver and then insert a coin into the coin-box.
 At first, I had great difficulty with grammar Later, however , I was able to at first
overcome these difficulties by studying hard. afterwards
 The party is Tuesday, but in the meantime I have to shop and prepare the later
then
food. in the meantime
 They'll be here soon. Meanwhile, let's have coffee. meanwhile

6. Exemplification
EXEMPLIFICATION
 Women generally live longer than men. For instance, in the United States
life expectancy for women is 75, while it is 73 for men.
for instance
 Earthquakes can be highly destructive. To illustrate, the earthquake which for example
occurred in Erzincan in 1939 devastated the whole town, killing more than to illustrate
35,000 people.

7. Particularization
in particular particularly specifically
 Shopping in small markets is quite advantageous. In particular, one can find specialty items
that larger stores do not contain.
 We still needed to arrange several details for the trip. Specifically, we had to make plane
and train reservations as well as decide on the final itinerary.

8. Explanation
that is namely in other words that is to say
 The brochure dealt with travelling in Morocco. That is/In other words/ Namely, it
discussed transportation, currency, and language.
 The machinery was not impaired; that is, it wasn't damaged.
 Good readers should be able to read between the lines; that is, they should be able to make
inferences (=to draw conclusions) about information that is conveyed indirectly or given
only partially.
 There is only one topic to discuss, namely, the question of discipline.
 As a child grows up, he learns how to behave in ways which are appropriate to the society
into which he is born. That is to say, he acquires the patterns of behavior which are
accepted as normal in his society.

9. Emphasis
in fact indeed as a matter of fact actually
 He is quite wealthy. In fact, he is one of the richest men in Turkey.
 I like reading. As a matter of fact, it is my favorite pastime.
 Mural is a highly talented musician. Indeed, he has an extraordinary gift for music.

131
 SENTENCE CONNECTORS

10. Refutation
on the contrary
 She is not ugly. On the contrary, she is a good-looking girl.
 I don't hate classical music. On the contrary, I'm very fond of it.

11. Reformulation
in other words to put it in a different way, put differently
 He is a conservative. In other words, he favors the preservation of old institutions in their
original form.
 Is there a cheaper solution? In other words, can you make a cheaper device?

12. Correction
rather to be more precise
 He is enjoying himself. Rather, he seems to be enjoying himself.
 This system must be improved. Rather, it must be thoroughly changed.
 Her name is not Margeret. Rather, it is Margot.

13. Transition
as for as to with regard to with respect to
as regards regarding as far as X is concerned
 Both Orkun and Ozkan are my friends. Orkun studies law at Ankara University. As for Ozkan,
he studies mechanical engineering at METU.
 As far as comfort is concerned, a car is definitely much better than a bicycle. On the other
hand, with respect to convenience, it is difficult to say the same thing.
 METU and ITU are similar in several respects (=ways). First, they are both technical
universities. Secondly, they are alike as regards the courses offered.
 Sony, which is $550, is much more expensive than Grundig, which is $440. However, as far
as quality is concerned (With regard to/ As regards quality), the former is far better than
the latter.

14. Alternative
 You're welcome to come with us now in our car. Alternatively, you could go later with
Mary.

15. Negative Condition

or else otherwise
 I must leave now, or else I'll be late.
 You must study hard. Otherwise, you may fail.

16. Summation/ Conclusion

in summary in brief in short in conclusion to be brief to sum up all in all
 This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat ever; in short, it is a fiasco.
 The system lacked originality, efficiency and ingenuity. In conclusion, it was a complete
failure.

132
 SENTENCE CONNECTORS

17. Other Sentence Connectors

after all: considering all the factors in the situation

 I don't think he should be punished for breaking the window. After all, he's only five years
old.
incidentally/by the way (used to introduce an additional point that the speaker has just thought
of)
 Some people, and incidentally that includes Robert, just won't look after themselves
properly.
above all (=more than anything else)
 He misses all of us, but he longs above all to see his family again.
all the same: even so, nevertheless, in any case,
 I like him; all the same, I don't trust him
anyway, anyhow, in any case
 I wasn't asked; anyway/anyhow/in any case, I wasn't keen to go.
instead (used to indicate contrast)
 Mary did not answer. Instead she looked out of the taxi window.

133