1.

a)
ABSTRACT

PROJECT TITLE SELECTION

DAIRY FARM SHOP MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The "Dairy Farm Shop Management System" is a robust software solution tailored to meet the unique needs of dairy farm product retailers. Central
to its design is the seamless management of a diverse range of dairy products sourced from reputable companies like Amul, Namaste India, Arun,
and others. This system caters to the dynamic demands of the industry, offering functionalities for product addition, removal, and invoicing, all
accessible through an intuitive user interface.

Within this system, administrators have the ability to swiftly add new products to the inventory, ensuring that the shop remains well-stocked with
fresh offerings. Equally important is the removal feature, which enables the prompt removal of expired or outdated items, maintaining the quality
standards expected by customers. The invoicing functionality streamlines the checkout process, generating detailed invoices for purchases made by
customers, thereby facilitating efficient transactions and enhancing customer satisfaction.

At the core of the "Dairy Farm Shop Management System" lies its comprehensive database, housing vital information on products, suppliers,
customers, and transactions. This centralized repository enables efficient data management, reporting, and analysis, empowering management to
make data-driven decisions. With insights into inventory levels, sales trends, and customer preferences, businesses can optimize their operations and
tailor their strategies to meet market demands effectively.

Effective supplier management is another key aspect of this system, facilitating seamless communication and collaboration with suppliers. By
maintaining up-to-date supplier information, including product catalogs and pricing agreements, businesses can ensure timely procurement of high-
quality products at competitive prices. Furthermore, advanced inventory tracking capabilities empower businesses to monitor stock levels in real-
time, preventing stockouts and minimizing wastage.

Sales and revenue reporting features provide valuable insights into business performance, allowing management to identify opportunities for growth
and optimization. By analyzing sales data and customer trends, businesses can develop targeted marketing campaigns, optimize pricing strategies,
and enhance customer engagement. Additionally, user access control mechanisms safeguard sensitive data, ensuring compliance with privacy
regulations and minimizing the risk of unauthorized access or misuse.

The "Dairy Farm Shop Management System" also incorporates customer relationship management functionalities, enabling businesses to build and
nurture lasting relationships with their customers. By maintaining detailed customer profiles and purchase histories, businesses can personalize
interactions, offer tailored promotions, and enhance customer loyalty. Seamless integration with external tools and platforms further enhances the
system's capabilities, allowing for efficient data exchange and workflow automation.

In summary, the "Dairy Farm Shop Management System" offers a comprehensive suite of features designed to streamline operations, enhance
productivity, and drive profitability for dairy farm product retailers. With its intuitive interface, robust database, and advanced functionalities, this
system empowers businesses to stay competitive in a rapidly evolving market landscape.
 b) PROBLEM UNDERSTANDING

Product Variability: Dairy farm products come in various forms and qualities, each with its own attributes and storage requirements.
Understanding the nuances of different products, such as milk, cheese, butter, and their variations, and how they need to be managed within the
system can be complex.

Supplier Dynamics: Managing relationships with multiple suppliers introduces challenges such as varying pricing agreements, delivery schedules,
and product availability. Understanding the intricacies of supplier management, including negotiating contracts, tracking deliveries, and ensuring
quality standards, is essential for effective system implementation.

Regulatory Compliance: The dairy industry is subject to various regulations and quality standards related to food safety, labeling, and traceability.
Ensuring that the system complies with these regulations and incorporates necessary features for regulatory reporting and documentation can be
challenging
.
Inventory Management: Dairy farm products are perishable and have limited shelf lives, requiring careful management of inventory levels to
minimize waste and ensure product freshness. Understanding inventory management principles, such as first-in-first-out (FIFO) and batch tracking,
and implementing them effectively within the system can be complex.

Customer Preferences: Customers may have specific preferences or dietary restrictions when it comes to dairy products, requiring the system to
accommodate customization options or special requests. Understanding and incorporating customer preferences into the system's design and
functionality can be challenging, particularly in ensuring flexibility without sacrificing efficiency.

Data Security: The system will store sensitive information such as customer data, supplier contracts, and financial records, making data security a
critical concern. Understanding security best practices, such as encryption, access control, and regular backups, and implementing them effectively
to safeguard data from unauthorized access or breaches, can be a significant challenge.
 CONSTRUCTION OF DB USING ER MODEL FOR PROJECT

Constructing a database using the Entity-Relationship (ER) model involves a structured approach to designing the data
architecture for your project. The process begins with identifying the main entities that represent real-world objects or concepts
within your domain, such as Customer, Product, Order, and Employee for a CRM system. Each entity is defined with specific
attributes that describe its characteristics, such as Customer ID, Name, Email, and Phone Number for the Customer entity.

Once entities and attributes are identified, the next step is to establish relationships between these entities. Relationships
describe how entities are connected or associated with each other. Common relationship types include one-to-one, one-to-
many, and many- to-many.

To visually represent the entities, attributes, and relationships, an ER diagram is created using standard symbols like
rectangles for entities, ovals for attributes, and lines between entities to depict relationships. Each relationship line is labeled
with the relationship type .(e.g., 1:M for one-to-many) and cardinality (e.g., one order to many products).

After designing the ER diagram, the next step is to convert this conceptual model into a physical database schema using
SQL (Structured Query Language). Each entity in the ER diagram corresponds to a table in the database schema, with
attributes mapped to columns within these tables. Primary keys are defined to uniquely identify records within
each table, and foreign keys are used to establish relationships between tables.

Finally, the database schema is implemented by executing SQL scripts within a database management system (DBMS) such as
MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQLite. These scripts create tables, define constraints (e.g., primary keys, foreign keys), and
establish relationships based on the ER model.

By following this structured approach, you can effectively design and construct a database for your project using the ER model.
This methodology ensures that the database schema is well-designed, scalable, and aligned with the requirements of your
application or project, facilitating efficient data management and retrieval.
2.

DESIGN OF RELATIONAL SCHEMAS

CREATION OF DATABASE AND TABLES FOR YOUR PROJECT

Create a Database !

Create Table-s Table 1 : Customers Table.

Table 2 - Contacts Table:

Table 3 – Products Table:

Table 4 – Orders Tables:

Table 5 – orderdetails tables:

Use database :

Show Tables:

Alter Table Customers :

Describe Table Customers :

Insert Into Tables (Customers):

 Showing Values :

Update Table:
3.

SQL QUERIES BASED ON THE CONCEPTS OF CONSTRAINTS, SETS, JOINTS

SQL queries can leverage various concepts such as constraints, sets, and joins to perform powerful data
operations. Constraints ensure data integrity by enforcing rules on table columns, such as unique values or non-
null entries. For example, a constraint can be applied to a "Product ID" column to ensure each ID is unique
across the table. Sets in SQL refer to collections of data rows that can be manipulated using operators like
UNION, INTERSECT, and EXCEPT to combine, intersect, or subtract datasets. For instance, a UNION
operation can combine results from two queries returning similar data. Joins are fundamental for combining data
from multiple tables based on related columns. Common join types include INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, and
RIGHT JOIN, which allow fetching data from two or more tables based on matching conditions specified in the
ON clause. For example, an INNER JOIN can be used to retrieve customer details along with their respective
order information based on a shared "Customer ID" column between the "Customers" and "Orders" tables. By
leveraging these SQL concepts in queries, you can perform sophisticated data manipulations and retrieve
meaningful insights from relational databases efficiently.
4.
APPLYING NORMALIZATION FOR YOUR PROJECT

Apply First Normal Form (1NF)

□ Ensure that each table satisfies the First Normal Form (1NF) by making sure that:
o Each column contains atomic (indivisible) values.
o Each column has a unique name.
o Each row in the table is uniquely identifiable by its primary key.

Apply Second Normal Form (2NF)

□ Check if each table satisfies the Second Normal Form (2NF) by ensuring that:
o It is in 1NF.
o All non-key attributes are fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key.
o If any non-key attributes depend on only a part of the primary key, consider
splitting the table into multiple tables.
Apply Third Normal Form (3NF)

□ Ensure that each table satisfies the Third Normal Form (3NF) by making sure that:
o It is in 2NF.
o There are no transitive dependencies, meaning that non-key attributes should not
depend on other non-key attributes.
5.

CONCURRENCY CONTROL AND RECOVERY MECHANISMS FOR YOUR PROJECT

Implementing effective concurrency control and recovery mechanisms in your project's database system is critical for
maintaining data consistency and durability, especially in multi-user environments with concurrent transactions.
Concurrency control ensures that transactions execute concurrently without causing data inconsistencies or conflicts. One
approach is lock-based concurrency control, where transactions acquire locks (such as exclusive or shared locks) on data
items to control access. This prevents conflicts by allowing only one transaction to modify a data item at a time. Another
method is timestamp-based concurrency control, where transactions are assigned timestamps to determine their execution
order and ensure serializability.

For recovery mechanisms, transaction logging is essential. This involves maintaining a transaction log that records all
changes made by transactions before they commit. The write-ahead logging (WAL) protocol ensures that log records are
written to stable storage in case of failures. Checkpointing periodically saves the database state and log to stable storage,
facilitating rolling back uncommitted or incomplete transactions. Redo and undo operations are used during recovery: redo
logs reapply committed transactions from the log to restore changes, while undo logs rollback uncommitted or aborted
transactions to maintain data consistency.
6.

MODULE DESCRIPTIONS AND FUNCTIONALITIES

The "User Authentication" module is responsible for managing user identity and access
within our software system. It provides essential functionalities such as user login using
username and password credentials, user registration with email verification, password
reset functionality, and role-based access control (RBAC) to enforce different levels of
permissions. This module comprises components like Authentication Manager for
handling authentication logic, User Manager for user registration and profile management,
and Security Utils for secure token generation and validation. It interacts with external
dependencies such as a database for storing user credentials and utilizes encryption
libraries for secure password hashing. The module's interfaces enable seamless
integration with other system components, facilitating secure user authentication and
access management throughout the application.

The "User Authentication" module is a critical component that ensures secure user
identity management within our software system. Its primary functionalities include user
authentication through username and password credentials, user registration with email
verification for account activation, and password reset capability to assist users in
recovering access to their accounts. Additionally, the module implements role-based
access control (RBAC) to enforce specific permissions based on user roles, enhancing
overall system security. Key components within this module include the Authentication
Manager, responsible for authentication and authorization logic, the User Manager for
user registration and profile management, and Security Utils for secure token generation
and validation. The module interacts with external resources such as a database to store
user data securely and utilizes encryption techniques to safeguard sensitive information
like passwords. By providing well-defined interfaces, the User Authentication module
enables seamless integration with other system modules, ensuring robust user
authentication and access management throughout the application. Special considerations
are given to implementing security best practices, such as HTTPS communication and
protection against brute-force attacks, to enhance overall system resilience and user
privacy.
1. DATABASE CONNECTIVITY
EMBEDDED SQL OPERATIONS

Embedded SQL operations in Python typically involve using a database library or

framework to interact with a database directly from Python code. The most common
way to achieve this is by utilizing the Python DB-API, which provides a standardized
interface for accessing relational databases. Here's a basic example of embedded SQL
operations using Python with SQLite, a popular lightweight database:

Embedded SQ L Operations with SQL in Python

This example demonstrates the basics of embedded SQL operations in Python using SQLite. You
can adapt this approach to work with other SQL databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL) by
replacing sqlite3 with the appropriate database library that supports the Python DB-API.
8.
PL/SQL PROCEDURES TO OPERATE ON THE DATABASE OF YOUR PROJECT

In a database-driven project like a Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

system, PL/SQL procedures can streamline database operations efficiently. Here
are short examples of PL/SQL procedures to operate on the project's database:

Customer Data Retrieval: Create a procedure to retrieve customer details based on

a given customer ID:

customer Data Insertion: Implement a procedure to add a new customer to the database:
Customer Data Update: Develop a procedure to update a customer's email address:
 Customer Data Deletion: Implement a procedure to delete a customer
from the database.

These PL/SQL procedures encapsulate specific database operations and can be

invoked directly within the database environment or from external applications using
SQL commands. They enhance code organization, maintainability, and performance
by reducing network overhead and promoting transactional integrity within the CRM
system. Adjust these procedures as needed to fit the specific requirements and
business logic of your project.
9. SCREENSHOTS
CREATE ACCOUNT PAGE
CREATE CATEGORY PAGE
10. REPORT GENERATION USING CRYSTAL REPORTS/REPORT GENERATION TOOL
Conclusion

In conclusion, the development of the inventory management system represents a significant step
towards addressing the challenges associated with managing inventory effectively and efficiently.
Through the implementation of this system, we aimed to streamline the process of inventory
control, improve accuracy in stock tracking, and optimize resource allocation within the
organization.

Throughout the development process, several key objectives were achieved. Firstly, the system
provides a centralized platform for managing inventory data, allowing users to easily track stock
levels, monitor expiration dates, and generate reports on inventory status. This enhances
visibility and transparency across the organization, enabling better decision-making and
resource planning

Furthermore, the integration of user authentication and access control mechanisms enhances
data security and protects sensitive information from unauthorized access. Role-based access
control allows administrators to assign specific roles and permissions to users, ensuring that each
user has appropriate access rights based on their responsibilities within the organization.
11.

ONLINE COURSE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE