NKB30103 Chapter 4 Hierarchy of Control
NKB30103 Chapter 4 Hierarchy of Control
CONTROL
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of this chapter, you will be
able to;
Define principle of control and hierarchy of control.
List the techniques apply under principle of control
method and provide the example.
Define emergency response planning
Discuss the elements in emergency response
planning.
List out methods involve in chemical control.
Define procedures and examples in chemical control
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CONTROL
CONTROL MEASURES CAN BE
DONE AT:-
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CONTROL
Hierarchy of Control
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering Control
4. Isolation
5. Administration Control
6. Personal Protective Equipment
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CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION
Ideal solution.
Permanent solution
Most effective method.
Should always be attempted first
•Through prohibition
•May mean discontinuing dangerous work
practices.
•Removing dangerous substances/equipments.
•Control is done at its source.
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CONTROL
1.ELIMINATION
EXAMPLE
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CONTROL
2. PREVENTION OR REDUCTION OF EXPOSURE
Substitution
Engineering Control (modification)
Isolation or separation
Enclosure
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CONTROL
SUBSTITUTION OF MATERIAL, PROCESS OR
EQUIPMENT
EXAMPLE
•Using a less hazardous chemical.
•Vacuuming rather than sweeping.
•Using hoisting equipment instead of manual handling.
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CONTROL SUBSTITUTION
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CONTROL SUBSTITUTION MATERIAL
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CONTROL
SUBSTITUTION PROCESS
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CONTROL
SUBSTITUTION PROCESS Hoisting Equipment –
Portable scissor lift
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CONTROL
ENGINEERING CONTROL (redesign) of equipment,
work process or work environment through modification to isolate or
enclose the hazards.
EXAMPLE
•Rearranging aspects of workplace- inherently safe design
•Modifying exhaust system to reduce noise
•Using scissor lift instead hoisting equipment in carrying goods
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Engineering Control - inherent safe design
1.Separate pump rooms
from the other unit of
operations, e.g flammable
material storage tank.
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Engineering Control - inherent safe design
2.Build control rooms away from production units for
hazardous production process.
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CONTROL
ISOLATION or SEPARATION
Isolating or separating the hazard from the person, or the person
from the hazard.
EXAMPLE
•Enclosing or guarding dangerous equipment
•Placing guards on moving parts of machinery
•Placing barriers around a spill until cleaned up
•Using remote-controlled handling equipment for hazardous processes
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CONTROL
ISOLATION
Containment
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CONTROL
ENCLOSURE
• Reduce exposure to fume or vapour, noise or heat by
segregation of workers from the source of harm
• by time or distance
- as in mining where workers retire to a safe distance at
the time of blasting,
- and when such operations take place on shifts when
fewer workers are about.
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CONSEQUENCES
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CONTROL
Devices
Presence Sensing
Photoelectrical (optical)
Radiofrequency (capacitance)
Electromechanical
Pullback
Restraint
Safety Controls
Safety trip control
Pressure-sensitive body bar
Safety tripod
Safety tripwire cable
Two-hand control
Two-hand trip
Gates
Interlocked
Other
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Location/Distance
Potential Feeding and Ejection Methods to Improve Safety for the Operator
Automatic feed
Semi-automatic feed
Automatic ejection
Semi-automatic ejection
Robot
Miscellaneous Aids
Awareness barriers
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CONTROL
ENCLOSURE GUARDS
Radius panel guards for
large turret milling machine
included chip-catch
perimeter pans
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CONTROL
ENCLOSURE GUARDS
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CONTROL
3. TEMPORARY, LAST RESORT, OR BACK UP
MEASURES
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CONTROL
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
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CONTROL
• ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL
Reduction of exposure to risk through use of procedures or instruction.
EXAMPLE:
1. Job rotation to reduce exposure to hazards [e.g shift work]
2. Develop satety and health documentation [e.g standard
operating, working Instruction and etc]
3. Implement safe work practices [e.g Safe work permit, Log
Out, Tag Out & etc]
4. Limited entry / time in hazardous areas.
5. Training, refresher training and enforcement.
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Permit to Work System
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LOTO
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LOCKOUT/TAGOUT SYSTEM
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT SYSTEM
Types of energy ;
Electrical energy
Mechanical energy
mechanical motion
(e.g conveyor belt, roller, mixer, motor)
LOCKOUT versus TAGOUT
Why lockout is preferred method ;
As an alternative to lockout
process like computer driven where total lockout is not
possible
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES
Must be singularly identifiable
- instant recognition
Must be the only device used
- avoid confusing people
Must not be used for other purposes
Must be durable
Must be standardized
- color, shape, size
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
FOR LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES
Must be substantial
- lock’s or tag’s ability to prevent removal
Must be identifiable
- Recognition
- Review
- Responsibility
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
FOR LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES
MESSEGES ON TAGOUT DEVICES
The message must warn of the danger of accidental
re-energization of the equipment
DO NOT START
DO NOT OPEN
DO NOT CLOSE
DO NOT ENERGIZE
DO NOT OPERATE
DO NOT TOUCH
SHUTDOWN/ISOLATION PROCEDURE
Notification
- notify all affected personnel
Shutdown
- push a stop button, open a switch, close a valve
etc.
Isolation
- engaging the energy isolating device to prevent
any inadvertent energy reactivation
SHUTDOWN/ISOLATION PROCEDURE
SECURING THE POINT OF CONTROL
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CONTROL
• PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
• Worn by people as final barrier between themselves and the
hazard.
•Success dependent on PPE being chosen correctly;
•Worn / worn correctly / used correctly;
•Maintained in good condition.
•Often more expensive in long term when cost of maintenance,
supervision and injuries/diseases taken into account
EXAMPLE:
Ear muffs and ear plugs, respirators, goggles, masks and hard hats.
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Various types of PPE
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CONTROL OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS
SUBSTITUTION
ENCLOSURE
ISOLATION
VENTILATION
WET METHOD
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CONTROL
Controlling airborne
VENTILATION toxic materials
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CONTROL
VENTILATION BASED ON TWO PRINCIPLES:
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Comparison of pressure
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CONTROL
VENTILATION
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CONTROL
VENTILATION TYPES Local Ventilation
Dilution ventilation
VENTILATION
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CONTROL
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CONTROL
LOCAL VENTILATION-
HOOD
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CONTROL
Dilution ventilation
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Restriction on dilution Ventilation
1. The contaminant must not be highly toxic.
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CONTROL
VENTILATION
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CONTROL
VENTILATION
Effectiveness:
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CONTROL
WET METHOD
Objectives:
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CONTROL
WET METHOD
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Wet processing is extremely effective in
reducing the possibility of dust generation.
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CONTROL
WET METHOD
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CONTROL
WET METHOD
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EMERGENCY
PLANNING
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Objectives
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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SAMPLE OF ERT ORGANIZATION CHART
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY PLANNING
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