BITS Pilani Energy Environment Green Assessment Report 2022 23

IRCLASS Systems and Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
IV IRQS:FORM:GEE:03:00 Page 1 of 48
Energy, Environment and Green
Effective Date 2 Nov. 2022
Assessment Report Developed by NR Approved by HEAD-IRQS
ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & GREEN AUDIT REPORT

FOR
Birla Institute of Technology and Science

(BITS – PILANI)
From 19th to 22nd December 2022

By
IRCLASS SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.

52A, Adi Shankaracharya Marg, Opp. Powai Lake.
Powai, Mumbai-400072. India
Tel: +91 2271199400
Green, Environmental and Energy Audit Report IV IRQS:FORM:GEE:03:00 Page 2 of 48
TABLE OF CONTENT
Ref No Title Page Nos

1 Executive Summary 3
2 Introduction 4
3 General Introduction and Objectives of Environment, 5
Energy & Green Assessment
4 General steps and Scope of the Assessment 5
5 Energy Management Assessment 6 - 31
5.1 General Description of Facility
5.2 Electricity Consumption
5.3 Renewable Energy
5.4 Energy Performance Assessment
Auxiliary Transformers
Cluster 1 Transformer
5.5 Performance Analysis of Pumping System
5.6 Performance Analysis of Blowers
5.7 Motor Loading
5.8 Energy Saving Opportunities
Reduce transformer losses by shifting of load
Avoid the pump throttling to increase Pump Efficiency
6 Environment Management Assessment 32 - 41
6.1 Water Management
6.2 Waste Management
7 Green Campus Management 42 - 45
7.1 Assessment of Green Cover of the campus
7.2 Carbon Foot Print Assessment
7.3 Routine Green Practices
8 RECOMMENDATIONS 46 - 48
2
1. Executive Summary
The Birla Institute of Technology & Science, (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus has been planned
and designed to meet sustainable environmental standards. With growing awareness of environmental
pollution and its hazards it has become necessary to take measures to make the campus an Eco campus.
The Environment, Energy and Green Assessment of the campus was carried out to assess if measures
taken by university are sufficient to make the campus environment friendly. This is the first attempt to
conduct such Assessment of the Institute’s Pilani campus .
This Assessment is mainly focused on Energy Savings, Water Management, Waste Management,
Renewable Energy, Carbon Accounting , Green Belt / Landscaping/ Gardening.
To start with a Data Collection / Survey was done through a Questionnaire. Then On Site Assessment was
carried out.
 Site Rounds to assess and understand the Set ups, Operations, Monitoring etc.
 Interactions with the Process Owners
 Obtaining Data related to Water, Energy, Waste, Plantations, Vehicle movements etc.
 Energy Efficiency measurements of High Power Consuming Machineries
 Compilation & Analysis of Data
 Evaluation of findings for Positive Points and identifying improvement areas.
Campus is steadily moving towards sustainability in electricity, water & uses of natural resources. Water
conservation and systematic distribution of portable water supply is managed and monitored efficiently. Water
used by campus residents is treated scientifically and recycled back to use in the campus, whereas the
recycled water is being reused in flushing systems & in horticulture work. Our aim is to make it zero discharge
campus.
Campus had also aimed to reduce its dependence on conventional power. In this regard, solar power plants
and energy saving fixtures have been introduced and installed in the campus.
Usage of transport in the campus is very limited, whereas Battery operated vehicles are being introduced in
campus for transportation. 5000+ students residing in the campus are not permitted to use their private
transport inside the campus and are encouraged to use bicycles for their local movement inside the campus &
public transportation for outside the campus.
3
2. Introduction
The Birla Institute of Technology & Science, BITS Pilani is an all-India Institute for higher
education. The primary motive of BITS is to "train young men and women able and eager to
create and put into action such ideas, methods, techniques and information". The Institute is a
dream come true of its founder late Mr G.D. Birla - an eminent industrialist, a participant in
Indian freedom struggle and a close associate of the Father of Indian Nation late Mr. Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi). What started in early 1900s as a small school,
blossomed into a set of colleges for higher education, ranging from the Humanities to
Engineering until 1964 when all these colleges amalgamated to culminate into a unique Indian
University of International standing. This university was christened as the Birla Institute of
Technology and Science, Pilani, known to many as BITS, Pilani.
Over the years, BITS has provided the highest quality technical education to students from all
over India admitted on the basis of merit. Its graduates may be found throughout the world in
all areas of engineering, science and commerce. BITS symbolizes the maturing of Indian
technical ability and "can-do" entrepreneurial spirit, especially as derived from the private
sector. BITS is located in the Vidya Vihar campus adjacent to the town of Pilani in Rajasthan
BITS mission is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other
areas of scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century.
The Institute is committed to generating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge, and to

working with others to bring this knowledge to bear on the world's great challenges. BITS is
dedicated to providing its students with an education that combines rigorous academic study
and the excitement of discovery with the support and intellectual stimulation of a diverse
campus community. We seek to develop in each member of the BITS community the ability and
passion to work wisely, creatively, and effectively for the betterment of humankind.
BITS, Pilani has been accredited by the National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC)
with 'A' grade with a CGPA of 3.45 on a four-point scale after visiting its Pilani, K.K Birla Goa &
Hyderabad campuses in 2016.
ACADEMICS:
Integrated First Degrees:

BE, Pharm, M.Sc. & M.Sc. (Tech)
Higher Degree:
ME, Pharm & M.B.A
Doctoral Programs
Full Time Ph. D
Part Time Ph. D
Faculty development scheme
Ph. D aspirant scheme
4
3. General Introduction and Objectives of Environmental, Energy & Green

Assessment Process:
The Environmental, Energy & Green Assessment is a process of systematic Identification,

Quantification, Recording, Reporting and Analysis of components of environmental diversity of
various establishments. It aims to analyze Environmental, Energy Conservation & Green
practices within and outside of the concerned sites, which will have an impact on the eco-
friendly ambiance.
Objectives in brief:
• To ensure that the performance of the institution with respect to environmental activities they
are involved in, is in compliance with existing laws and regulations.
• To check the functionality and their operating success including water supply, energy related
matters and other similar matters that are related to green operations in the campus
• To measure the environmental impact of operational process related to green activities in the
campus.
• To measure the performance of each green related operations and actions in the campus.
• To generate a database of green activities for continuous monitoring to assess the success of each
of them.
• to identify future potential liabilities.
• to align the institution’s developmental and day to day activities with the stated vision, mission,
strategies, etc.
• to identify possible ways to reduce expenditure and running costs on equipment’s, appliances,
etc. or try enhance revenue income.
to improve process and materials efficiency, and in response to stakeholder requests for
increased disclosure.
4. General Steps and Scope of the Assessment:
1. Data collection based on questionnaire.

2. Visit to the campus by audit team.
3. Data analysis and evaluation.
4. Discussion on the findings.
5. Report preparation.
5
5 . ENERGY MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT
In the campus total 996.4 kWp of on grid roof top solar power plant installed and commissioned to
use of renewable energy in the campus & and out of which 45 KWp roof top solar power plant was
installed in 2019 was latest
 Total 26 Nos. standalone solar powered street lights are installed in the campus, which
is estimated to save around 9, 90 kW of electricity annually.
 Around 80 Nos. of the street lights out of 495 in the campus are connected to off-grid
solar power plant of 18.5 kW per day. These street lights work on solar power for about eight
to ten hours every night, which is estimated to save around 6,753 kW of electricity annually.
After exhausting the solar power, these street lights function on conventional power.
6
 Since 2014, hostels, residential quarters, academic and administrative blocks constructed as
part of the infrastructure expansion by Project Parivartan, replace all CFL, Metal
Hallide, Fluorescent tube lights are provided with LED fixtures to reduce consumption of energy.
Similarly existing CFL, tube lights and other electrical fixtures are being replaced with energy
saving LED fixtures in a phased manner.
 In campus 28 nos. (Each carry 2 nos. of four wheelers) of car parking stand having
standalone solar powered lights, able to park 56 nos. of four wheelers.
 In campus all the newly renovated hostel’s toilet lights & exhaust fans working are
controlled with motion sensor to save electricity.
 In campus all street lights (Total No.495) fixtures are LED type.
 In campus all street lights (Total 495 Nos.) on/off with LDR, as per sun light
intensity availability. No need to change time as seasons change.
Objective of Energy Audit:
 Identifying the quality and cost of various energy inputs.
 Assessing present pattern of energy consumption in different cost centers of operations.
 Relating energy inputs and production output. Identifying potential areas of thermal and
 electrical energy economy.
 To achieve and maintain optimum energy procurement and utilization, throughout the
organization
 To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality.
 To minimize environmental effects.
7
Process:
Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal team worked independently and an Assessment is done based on measured
energy data and historical data related to energy consumption collected from the university during the audit
Energy usage in the campus:

i. LPG
ii. Diesel
iii. Solar – a) Power
b) Water Heater
iv. Grid Electricity
 Electricity bill amount for the last three years –

Power is supplied by Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. The major electricity consuming
equipment installed in the campus are Windows and Split AC, deep freezer (-800 C, 70 C etc.)
Submersible pump, STP, Air Cooler, RO Plant, UPS, Desktop, Printer, Fans, Tube light, LED
Bulb, Mosquito Replete. Fire Alarm System is not installed, however fire hydrant is available in
the campus.
 Rajasthan State Electricity Board (As per bill)
Year 2018-19 – Rs. - 7,73,13,946
Year 2019-20 – Rs. - 12,56,48,424
Year 2020-21 – Rs. - 5,25,24,431
 M/S Cleanmax Solar IPP Pvt. Ltd. (As per bill)
Year 2018-19 – Rs.5404078
Year 2019-20 – Rs. 5994866
Year 2020 – 21 – Rs. 6213746
8
RSEB Solar
Month KWH PF RSEB Billing KWH Solar Billing
April-21 366900 0.994 4216019 145286 636062
May-21 354720 0.996 3798964 131756 576809
June-21 467130 0.997 4812197 129587 523555
July-21 619110 0.996 6163136 120767 528722
August-21 619380 0.996 6263271 132879 581742
September-21 631140 0.997 6368798 101638 444697
October-21 681990 0.998 6729035 116986 512166
November-21 522990 0.998 5314220 92995 407133
December-21 694470 0.998 6832873 79557 348512
January-22 578550 0.998 5809059 74788 327750
February-22 439320 0.998 4569138 108778 476707
March-22 656790 0.998 6502990 138172 610375
Apr-22 960000 0.998 9250777 137749 606095
May-22 1128750 0.999 10796096 138820 610810
Jun-22 848370 0.998 8316567 135726 597197
Jul-22 857160 0.998 8414138 110344 485514
Aug-22 790380 0.998 7960795 126128 555840
Sep-22 1025280 0.997 10009653 111620 491129
Oct.-22 803370 0.999 7861859 110823 487624
Nov.-22 709740 0.998 7213931 94170 414346
9
4.2 Electricity Consumption

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani) uses electricity as its only energy source
for its daily operations. Presently, the electrical supply comes from the grid at 33 kV. Two number of
33/11 kV step down transformer are installed at the main electricity incomer of source capacity 3.5 MVA
each. Electricity at 11 kV is transferred to 14 transformers. These 14 transformers are supplying power to
each building in university premises.
The electricity consumption for the last 12 months is considered for studying cost of electricity and the
different charges associated with them. The detail of the same is given below.
Table 1. Electricity Consumption – 2021-22
RSEB
Month kWh PF RSEB Billing Unit Rate+ Additional Charges
21-Apr 366900 0.994 4216019 11
21-May 354720 0.996 3798964 11
21-Jun 467130 0.997 4812197 10
21-Jul 619110 0.996 6163136 10
21-Aug 619380 0.996 6263271 10
21-Sep 631140 0.997 6368798 10
21-Oct 681990 0.998 6729035 10
21-Nov 522990 0.998 5314220 10
21-Dec 694470 0.998 6832873 10
22-Jan 578550 0.998 5809059 10
22-Feb 439320 0.998 4569138 10
22-Mar 656790 0.998 6502990 10
22-Apr 960000 0.998 9250777 10
Energy Consumption Trend 2021-22

1200000
1000000 960000
800000
619110 631140 522990 578550
439320
600000
366900 467130 681990
619380 694470
400000
656790
354720
200000
Figure 1. Electricity Consumption – 2021-22
10
Power Factor Trend 2021-22

0.999
0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998
0.998
0.997 0.998 0.998
0.997 0.997 0.998
0.996 0.996
0.996
0.996
0.995
0.994
0.994
0.993
0.992
Figure 2. Power Factor Trend 2021-22
Table 2. Solar Generation Details
Solar Generation
Month kWh Solar Billing Unit Rate
21-Apr 145286 636062 4.4
21-May 131756 576809 4.4
21-Jun 129587 523555 4.4
21-Jul 120767 528722 4.4
21-Aug 132879 581742 4.4
21-Sep 101638 444697 4.4
21-Oct 116986 512166 4.4
21-Nov 92995 407133 4.4
21-Dec 79557 348512 4.4
22-Jan 74788 327750 4.4
22-Feb 108778 476707 4.4
22-Mar 138172 610375 4.4
22-Apr 137749 606095 4.4
11
RSEB Power consumption trend
RSEB Consumption Trend

160000
145286
140000 131756
120767 132879
120000 108778 138172
129587 116986
100000
101638 92995
80000 79557
74788
60000
40000
20000
0
01-Jan 01-Feb 01-Mar 01-Apr 01-May 01-Jun 01-Jul 01-Aug 01-Sep 01-Oct 01-Nov 01-Dec
Solar Power generation trend –
Solar KWH
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
12
2 Electricity Consumption
During the audit, power measurements were carried out for different equipment. The electricity from RSEB and
solar generation breakup is provided in below graph.
Energy Consumption Vs Solar Generation

Electricity from RSEB Solar Energy Generation
17%
83%
Figure 3. Percentage share of Energy Consumption and Energy Generation
Observations:
 It can be seen from the above figure that the percentage share of electricity from RSEB is 83% and the
solar generation is of 17%.
Energy Performance Assessment:

 Auxiliary Transformers
Total 14 numbers of transformers are installed to cater the need of electricity in university premises. Power
and other electrical measurements were carried out at the main incomer of each transformer using a Power
Quality
Analyzer. The observations for the same are given below.
 Cluster 1 Transformer
Total three number of transformer is installed in cluster 1 and power quality analysis of two transformers is
carried using power analyzer, however third transformer analysis is not carried out due to connectivity issue of
Instrument.
13
Transformer 1000 kVA

The performance analysis of 1000 kVA transformer is carried out and presented in below table.
Figure 4. Performance of 1000 kVA transformer
Transformer details
Parameters Maximum Average Minimum
Voltage (V)
U12 rms 429 417.6 404.3
U23 rms 427.8 416.7 403.5
U31 rms 424 413.1 400.7
Current
L1 (A) 325.8 226.7 157.1
L2 (A) 330.5 223.0 150.7
L3 (A) 330.1 220.9 152.3
Active Power
Total (KW) 228 143 55.45
Apparent Power
Total (KVA) 233 160 110
Power Factor
Total 0.998 0.9 0.38
Harmonics
Voltage THD % 2.4 1.8 1.4
Current THD% 26.75 16.2 9.6
Observations:
 There is no voltage variation in three phases; voltage level is maintained at 424 V which is acceptable
range.
 The current harmonics (ITHD %) is 26.75 %, which is higher than the limits as specified in the IEEE
519-2014 standard i.e. 8 %.
 Capacitor bank is installed at each transformer but still the power factor is observed at 0.996 to 0.998
which can be maintain near to 0.99 by fine tuning of APFC.
 Percentage loading of transformer 1000 kVA is 23% which is lower side.
 Oil leakage observed at 1600 kVA transformer, it is recommended that to repair it immediately or
shut down the transformer as early as possible
14
0
50
100
150
200
250
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
12:15:00
12:15:00
12:18:00
15
12:18:00
12:21:00
12:21:00
12:24:00
12:24:00
12:27:00
12:27:00
12:30:00
12:30:00
12:33:00
R phase
12:33:00
12:36:00
12:36:00
12:39:00
12:39:00
12:42:00
12:42:00
12:45:00
12:45:00
12:48:00
12:48:00
Y phase
Transformer
Green, Environmental and Energy Audit Report
12:51:00
Transformer
12:51:00
12:54:00
12:54:00
12:57:00
12:57:00
13:00:00
13:00:00
13:03:00
Voltage profile of 1000 kVA
13:03:00
Power Cosnumption of 1000 kVA

13:06:00
13:09:00 B phase 13:06:00
13:09:00
13:12:00
13:12:00
0
1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.2
12:15:00
0
100
200
300
400
12:17:37 12:15:00
12:20:14 12:17:44
12:22:51 12:20:28
12:25:28 12:23:12
12:28:05 12:25:56
12:30:42 12:28:40
Figure 5. 1000 kVA Transformer Profile

12:33:19 12:31:24
R phase
12:35:56 12:34:08
IV IRQS:FORM:GEE:03:00
12:38:33 12:36:52
12:41:10 12:39:36
12:43:47 12:42:20
12:46:24 12:45:04
12:49:01 12:47:48
Y phase
transformer
transformer
12:51:38 12:50:32
12:54:15 12:53:16
12:56:52 12:56:00
12:59:29 12:58:44
Current Profile of 1000 kVA
13:02:06 13:01:28
Power Factor profile of 1000 kVA
13:04:12
B phase
13:04:43
13:07:20 13:06:56
Page 15 of 48
13:09:57 13:09:40
13:12:34 13:12:24
Harmonics at each transformer is measures and presented in below table
Table 3. Voltage harmonics of 1250 kVA transformer
Max Average Min

H3 0.233 0.1 0.033
H5 2.1 1.7 1.067
H7 1.067 0.4 0.067
H9 0.2 0.1 0
H11 0.767 0.5 0.3
H13 0.4 0.2 0
H15 0.0 0.0 0
H17 0.1 0.0 0
H19 0.0 0.0 0.0
Voltage harmonics Profile of 1000 kVA Transformer

2.5
1.5
0.5
0
H3 H5 H7 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17 H19
Max Average Min
Figure 6. Voltage Harmonics Graph of 1000 kVA Transformer
Current harmonics at 1000 kVA transformer is presented in below table
16
Table 4. Current Harmonics of 1000 kVA transformer
Max Average Min

H3 4.433 1.0 0.2
H5 18.57 12.8 7.3
H7 11.8 6.3 2.833
H9 1.7 0.7 0.133
H11 9.433 6.0 2.4
H13 3.0 1.8 0.6
H15 0.6 0.1 0
H17 1.2 0.6 0.3
H19 0.6 0.2 0.0
Current Harmonics Profile of 1000 kVA Transformer

20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
H3 H5 H7 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17 H19
Max Average Min
Figure 7. Current Harmonics Graph of 1000 kVA transformer
Observations:
 It is observed from the above figure that the power consumption of the 1000 kVA transformer
is varied tremendously between minimum values of 55 kW to a maximum value of 228 kW.
 Due to this high variation and inductive load, there is a generation of high amount of harmonics.
The harmonics generated on the LT side of the transformer is approximately 18% in current.
 It is also seen that in Voltage Harmonics, 5th, 7th and 11th Harmonics dominated the total
harmonics generation.
17
Transformer 1250
The performance analysis of 1250 kVA transformer is carried out and presented in below table.
Figure 8. Performance of 1250 kVA transformer
Transformer details
Parameters Minimum Average Maximum
Voltage (V)
U12 rms 430.8 421.7 406.1
U23 rms 429.3 420.6 405
U31 rms 427.8 417.7 402
Current
L1 (A) 152.2 89.0 57.9
L2 (A) 200.8 106.9 60.8
L3 (A) 150.6 92.0 38.6
Active Power
Total (KW) 107.248 46.1 -4.3026
Apparent Power
Total (KVA) 118.672 69.9 45.901
Power Factor
Total 0.94 0.6 -0.063
Harmonics
Voltage THD % 2 1.3 0.53
Current THD% 60.2 28.1 12.6
Observations:
 There is no voltage variation in three phases; voltage level is maintained at 430 V which is acceptable
range.
 The current harmonics (ITHD %) is 60 %, which is higher than the limits as specified in the IEEE 519-2014
standard i.e. 8 %.
 Capacitor bank is installed at each transformer but still the power factor is observed at 0.996 to 0.998
which can be maintain near to 0.99 by fine tuning of APFC.
 Percentage loading of 1250 kVA transformer is 9% which is lower side.
Voltage Profile of 1250 kVA Current Profile of 1250 kVA

Transformer Transformer
440 250
430 200
420 150
410 100
400 50
390
380 0
11:42:21
11:04:00
11:06:57
11:09:54
11:12:51
11:15:48
11:18:45
11:21:42
11:24:39
11:27:36
11:30:33
11:33:30
11:36:27
11:39:24
11:45:18
11:48:15
11:51:12
11:54:09
11:57:06
12:00:03
11:45:18
11:04:00
11:06:57
11:09:54
11:12:51
11:15:48
11:18:45
11:21:42
11:24:39
11:27:36
11:30:33
11:33:30
11:36:27
11:39:24
11:42:21
11:48:15
11:51:12
11:54:09
11:57:06
12:00:03
R Phase Y Phase B Phase R Phase Y Phase B Phase
18
Power Profile of 1250 kVA Power Factor Profile of 1250 kVA

Transformer Transformer
120 1
100 0.8
80 0.6
60
0.4
40
20 0.2
0 0
-20 -0.2
11:45:18
11:39:24
11:45:18
11:51:12
11:04:00
11:06:57
11:09:54
11:12:51
11:15:48
11:18:45
11:21:42
11:24:39
11:27:36
11:30:33
11:33:30
11:36:27
11:39:24
11:42:21
11:48:15
11:51:12
11:54:09
11:57:06
12:00:03
11:04:00
11:06:57
11:09:54
11:12:51
11:15:48
11:18:45
11:21:42
11:24:39
11:27:36
11:30:33
11:33:30
11:36:27
11:42:21
11:48:15
11:54:09
11:57:06
12:00:03
Figure 9. 1250 kVA Transformer Profile
Table 5. Voltage Harmonis of 1250 kVA transformer
Max Average Min

H3 0.4 0.1 0
H5 1.6 0.8 0.03
H7 1.97 0.9 0
H9 0.233 0.1 0
H11 0.4 0.1 0
H13 0.3 0.2 0
H15 0.0 0.0 0
H17 0.1 0.0 0
H19 0.1 0.0 0.0
Voltage Harmonics Profile of 1250 kVA Transformer
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
H3 H5 H7 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17 H19
Max Average Min
19
Figure 10. Voltage Harmonics Graph of 1250 kVA Transformer
Table 6. Current Harmonics of 1250 kVA transformer
Max Average Min

H3 23.83 11.5 5.067
H5 26.87 12.1 2.7
H7 50.6 19.9 4.6
H9 12.93 4.7 1.067
H11 16.33 3.4 0
H13 7.1 2.7 0.233
H15 2.6 1.0 0.167
H17 5.1 1.9 0.267
H19 3.8 1.3 0.3
Current Harmonics Profile of 1250 kVA Transformer
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
H3 H5 H7 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17 H19
Max Average Min
Observations:
 It is observed from the above figure that the power consumption of the 1000 kVA transformer is varied
tremendously between minimum values of 45 kW to a maximum value of 118 kW.
 Due to this high variation and inductive load, there is a generation of high amount of harmonics. The
harmonics generated on the LT side of the transformer is approximately 50% in current.
 It is also seen that in Voltage Harmonics, 5th, 7th and 11th Harmonics dominated the total harmonics
generation.
 From above data it is observed that the loading on both transformer is on lower side that will lead to
increase total losses of transformer.
Cluster 1 Transformer loading
The efficiency of the transformers not only depends on the design, but also, on the effective
operating load. The variable losses depend on the effective operating load to the transformer. The
maximum efficiency of the transformer occurs at a condition when constant loss is equal to variable
loss. For distribution transformers, the core loss is 15 to 20% of full load copper loss. Hence, the
maximum efficiency of the distribution transformers occurs at a loading between 40 – 60%. For
power transformers, the core loss is 25 to 30% of full load copper loss. Hence, the maximum
efficiency of the power transformers occurs at a loading between 60 – 80%.
20
Table 7. transformer loading details
Cluster Cluster
Description Cluster 1
2 4 Cluster 5 Cluster 7
Rating (kVA) 1000 1250 800 1000 750 1000 630 500
Voltage (V) 424 430 430 430 430 430 430 430
Current (A) 330 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
P.F 0.98 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94
Active
Average 143 46 107 201 17 82 46 58
power (kW) Maximu
m
228 107 125 254 24 97 123 80
Apparent Average 160 70 127 229 21 102 56 73
power Maximu
(kVA) m
233 118 147 286 38 112 134 90
Maximu
Transforme m
23% 9% 18% 29% 5% 11% 21% 18%
r loading
Average 16% 6% 16% 23% 3% 10% 9% 15%
Table 8. Transformer losses details
Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 4 Cluster 5 Cluster 7

Rated Specifications 1000 1250 1600 630 1000 750
500 kVA 1600
kVA kVA kVA kVA kVA kVA
Rated kVA 1000 1250 1600 500 630 1000 1600 750
11000 / 11000 / 11000 / 11000 / 11000 / 11000 / 11000 / 11000 /
Voltage (HV/LV) V 433 433 433 433 433 433 433 433
Make - - - - - - - -
Cooling ONAN ONAN ONAN ONAN ONAN ONAN ONAN ONAN
Frequency ( Hz) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
Cluster
Location
1
Serial No. - - - - - - - -
Manufacturing Year - - - - - - - -
Transformer Rating in
1000 1250 1600 500 630 1000 1600 750
kVA
Avg.Load in KVA 160.00 69.47 140.00 229.00 21.00 56.00 280.00 73.00
Present % Loading 16.00 5.56 8.75 45.80 3.33 5.60 17.50 9.73
Rated Full Load Losses of
13.50 16.40 19.80 5.70 9.50 13.50 19.80 7.50
Transformer (kW)
Total Losses of
1.70 2.10 2.50 0.80 1.08 1.70 2.50 1.15
Transformer(kW)
Operating Power Factor 0.98 0.94 0.89 0.85 0.91 0.85 0.89 0.89
No Load Loss (kVA) 1.73 2.23 2.81 0.94 1.19 2.00 2.81 1.29
Total Losses= Load
3.27 2.88 4.04 2.79 1.41 2.54 5.27 1.81
Losses+N.L. Losses
Transformer Efficiency,
97.96 95.85 97.11 98.78 93.28 95.47 98.12 97.52
%
5.5 Performance Analysis of Pumping System

Three pumping stations (zone) are installed to circulate water to university premises. Each zone is having
21
domestic water pumps and flush pumps.

1. Zone 1 – Three Domestic Pumps and Two Flush pumps are installed to cater the water requirement.
2. Zone 2 – Four Domestic pumps and three flush pumps are installed to cater the water requirement.
3. Zone 3 – Four Domestic pumps are installed
The performance assessment of pumps includes determination of hydraulic efficiency of the pumps. The
details of the same are given below.
Table 8. Performance analysis of Zone 1 pumping system
Zone 1
Description Units Domestic Domestic Domestic
Flush 1 Flush 2
Pump 1 Pump 2 Pump 3
Design parameters
Make - Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos
Model - - - - - -
Flow rate m3/hr 30 30 30 21 21
Head m 53.1 53.1 53.1 58 58
Speed rpm 2919 2919 2919 2919 2919
Motor rating kW 11 11 11 5.5 5.5
Operating Parameters
Flow rate m3/hr 37 36.0 34.9 3.9 5.0
Total head developed m 19 18.7 19 40.0 41
Motor input power kW 10.09 9.85 10.34 4.92 6.15
Motor efficiency % 92% 92% 92% 92% 92%
Combined overall efficiency % 19% 19% 18% 9% 9%
Pump efficiency % 21% 20% 19% 9% 10%
Observations:
 The efficiency of zone 3 domestic pumps lies between 19% to 21% and flush pumps are lies between
9% to 19%.
 VFD is installed to control the system for both domestic and flush pumps.
 Out of these three pumps One pump is continuously running and two are on standby mode.
 However these both set of domestic pumps and flush pumps are having VFD, the discharge line is
throttled at about 50% for both set.
Table 9. Performance analysis of zone 2 pumping system
Description Units Zone 2
22
Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic

Pump 1 Pump 2 Pump 3 Pump 4
Flush 1 Flush 2 Flush 3
Design parameters
Make - Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos
Model - - - - - - - -
Flow rate m3/hr 30 30 30 30 17 17 17
Head m 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8 78 78 78
Speed rpm 2924 2924 2924 2924 2919 2919 2919
Motor rating kW 11 11 11 11 5.5 5.5 5.5
Flow rate m3/hr 41 45.0 34.0 32.0 31.0 30.0 31.0
Total head developed m 41 45.0 41 51 40.0 40 42
Motor input power kW 9.72 9.64 9.72 9.85 6.15 6.19 6.15
Motor efficiency % 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92% 92%
Combined overall
% 47% 57% 39% 45% 55% 53% 57%
efficiency
Pump efficiency % 51% 62% 42% 49% 59% 57% 62%
Observations:
 The efficiency of zone 2 Domestic pumps lies between 42% to 62% and for flush pump it lies between
57% to 59%.
 There is no control system if requirement is fulfilled, totally controlled by manually.
 Out of these four pumps two pumps are continuously running and two are on standby mode.
 Only one flush pump is running and other two are on standby mode.
 Domestic pump discharge line was throttled at about 30% and main header discharge line of flush
pump is throttled at about 20% as shown in photo below.
Domestic Pumps Flush Pump
Table 10. Performance Analysis of zone 3 pumping system
23
Zone 3
Description Units Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic
Pump 1 Pump 2 Pump 3 Pump 4
Design parameters
Make - Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos Grundfos
Model - - - - -
Flow rate m3/hr 30 30 30 30
Head m 97.8 97.8 97.8 97.8
Speed rpm 2924 2924 2924 2924
Motor rating kW 11 11 11 11
Flow rate m3/hr 35.3 35.5 37.9 32.0
Total head developed m 22 16.0 18 21
Motor input power kW 10.46 10.39 10.38 10.49
Motor efficiency % 92% 92% 92% 92%
Combined overall efficiency % 20% 15% 18% 17%
Pump efficiency % 22% 16% 19% 19%
Observations:
 The efficiency of zone 1 pumps lies between 16% to 22% , which is lower side.
 The distance from main pumping station to last user end is almost 2km and the generated head at main
header line is 2 kg/cm2.
 There is no control system if requirement is fulfilled, totally controlled by manually.
 Out of these four pumps two pumps are continuously running and two are on stand by mode.
Domestic Pump Flush Pump
5.6 Performance Analysis of Blowers
24
Two STP plants are installed in university, each STP plant is having Three Aeration Blowers (one is running
and Two standby mode). Measurement of these blowers are carried out during audit and presented in
below table.
Table 11. Performance analysis of blowers
Description Unit 1 MLD Blower 1.5 MLD Blower

Design Parameters
Make - - Everest
Flow m3/h - 800
Static Pressure mmWC - 5000
Fan rating kW - -
Motor rating kW - 22
Fan speed rpm - 1500
Fan static efficiency % - -
Static pressure at fan inlet mmWC -200 -300
Static Pressure at fan outlet mmWC 4000 2000
Fan static pressure mmWC 4200 2300
Average velocity pressure mmWC - -
0
Inlet air temperature C 23 24
Gas density kg/m3 1.2459 1.2291
Velocity m/sec 2.40 1.02
Cross sectional area of duct m2 0.12 0.4
Quantity m3/hr 1037 1469
Input power kW 17 23.0
Static efficiency of the fan % 76% 44%
5.7 Motor Loading

During the audit, the loading percentage on the motor was also calculated. The details of the same are given
below.
Table 12. Motor Loading Percentage
Feeder Rated kW Motor effi. V I P.F. P % Loading

PCW - 5 7.5 92% 412 11.4 0.87 7.08 87%
CHWP - 5 15.5 92% 415 26.23 0.8 15.08 90%
CT Fan 12 92% 411 17.5 0.8 9.97 76%
SCWP - 2 18.5 92% 410 12.35 0.9 7.89 39%
PCWP-2 7.5 92% 419 11.69 0.89 7.55 93%
SCWP - 2 30 92% 418 32.69 0.9 21.30 65%
STP blower 1 (1.5 MLD) 25 92% 404 38.3 0.95 25.46 94%
STP blower 2 (1.5 MLD) 25 92% 415 40 0.86 24.73 91%
Zone 1 Irrigation pump 1 7.5 92% 412 10.5 0.9 6.74 83%
Zone 2 Irrigation pump 1 7.5 92% 410 10.4 0.89 6.57 81%
5.8 Energy Saving Opportunities

25
Reduce Transformer Losses by Shifting of Load
Presently three transformers are installed in cluster 1, two in cluster 5 and two in cluster 7. All
transformers in these clusters are under loaded which is in the range of 6% to 46%. This will lead to
increase the losses of transformer.
So it is recommended that to shift the load of 1000 kVA transformer and 1600 kVA transformer to
1250 kVA transformer in cluster 1 which will lead to increase the percentage loading on 1250 kVA
transformer in the range of 60% to 80%.
In cluster 5, Shift the load of 750 kVA transformer to 1000 kVA transformer to increase the loading
on transformer and to reduce the transformer losses.
In cluster 7, Shift load of 500 kVA transformer to 630 kVA transformer to increase the loading on
transformer and to reduce the transformer losses.
The cost benefit analysis by shifting of load and reduction of losses is presented in below table.
26
Table 13. Energy Savings – Reduce transformer losses by load shifting
Cluster 1 Cluster 5 Cluster 7

Rated Specifications
1000 kVA 630 kVA 750 kVA
Rated kVA 1000 630 750
Voltage (HV/LV) V 11000/433 11000/433 11000/433
Make - - -
Cooling ONAN ONAN ONAN
Frequency ( Hz) 50 50 50
Location Cluster 1
Serial No. - - -
Manufacturing Year - - -
Transformer Rating in
1000 630 750
KVA
Avg.Load in KVA 160.00 21.00 73.00
Present % Loading 16.00 3.33 9.73
Rated Full Load Losses
13.50 9.50 7.50
of Transformer (kW)
Total Losses of
1.70 1.08 1.15
Transformer(kW)
Operating Power Factor 0.98 0.91 0.89
No Load Loss (KVA) 1.73 1.19 1.29
Total Losses= Load
3.27 1.41 1.81
Losses+N.L. Losses
Transformer Efficiency,
97.96 93.28 97.52
%
Running hours 8640 8640 8640
Total annual loss
28238 12197 15642
kWh/annum
Energy Cost 11 11 11
Savings in Rs. Lakh 3 1 2
Avoid the Pump Throttling to Increase Pump Efficiency
Zone 2 and zone pumps are observed in throttled position for both set domestic and flush.
Throttling on the pump discharge will effect on changing the system resistance curve. This changes
the point of intersection with the pump performance curve with resultant change in flow.
In such case pump input remains same but the output of pump will reduce which will reduce the
efficiency of pump and degrades pump life.
Zone 3 pumps are having VFD for both domestic and flush pumps but still the discharge side of both
set is 50% throttled, this will nullify the purpose of VFD installation and it is running with 50Hz
frequency.
So it is recommended that to install VFD on zone 1 and zone 2 pumps and for zone 3 adjust the
frequency and remove throttling on it.
27
Table 14. Energy Savings – Avoiding throttling on pumps
Sr.
Domesti Domesti Domesti
No Parameters Units Flush Flush
c Pumps c Pumps c Pumps
.
Present Zone 2 Pump Power
1 kW 20.86 8.31 19.47 9.25 15.14
Consumption
2 Daily Operating Hours hours 6 6 6 6 6
3 Annual Operating Days days 365 365 365 365 365
kWh/ye 18,19 20,25
4 Annual Electricity Consumption 45,683 42,628 33,157
ar 9 8
kWh/ye 14,55 16,20
5 Annual Energy Consumption – VFD 36,547 34,103 26,525
ar 9 6
kWh/ye
6 Annual Electricity Savings 9,137 3,640 8,526 4,052 6,631
ar
7 Electricity Tariff Rs./kWh 10 10 10 10 10
Rs.
8 Expected Annual Cost Savings 0.91 0.36 0.85 0.41 0.66
Lakhs
Rs.
9 1.28 1.26 0.66
Total Cost Savings Lakhs
10 3.20
Rs.
11 Invetsment for two VFD 2
Lakhs
12 Simple payback period Months 8
28
Thermography
During the audit, IR Thermography of Electrical Panels was also conducted as a preventive maintenance
procedure.
Location – Transformer 1 Capacitor bank 2F2 50 Temperature found on safer side

kVAR

kVAR

kVAR
29
Location – Transformer 2 Capacitor bank 13F3 50 Temperature found on critical side need to correct
kVAR it immediately

kVAR

kVAR
30
Location – HVAC Transformer SCWP 2 pump Temperature slightly on higher side.
31
6. Environment Management Assessment

Water Management:
 Six groundwater recharge points are created across the campus. In this, the surface runoff water during
monsoon is directed to a designated area which then percolates in the ground resulting in groundwater
recharge. Many such recharge points are being planned across the campus in the coming years.
 All overhead tanks and water coolers are fitted with floats, sensors and other mechanisms to shut the water
supply and avoid overflow.
 Overhead tanks which are filled with pressurized supply of water through pumps are fitted with actuator valves
for avoiding overflow.
 Insulation on water storage tank at Ram & Budh Bhawan to guard against extreme temperature.
1. VFD based hydro pneumatic system.
2. Pumps & equipments selected on ‘’best ‘energy efficiency point.
3. Use of low flow fixtures.
4. Use of treated water with BOD less than 10 ppm and COD less than 50 ppm from STP for HVAC cooling
tower make up, flushing and irrigation.
Total Area of the campus: 2 38 Acre
Different sources of water in our college,
o In house Bore well –for Domestic Water

o Outside Tanker water supply.
o STP /TSE water
o Rain Water Harvesting
o E RO Plants – for Potable water
32
Details of Bore Wells 7 Bore wells

S No Bore well No Location Water Level
1 BW-01 SR Ground 844 Feet
2 BW-02 GD Park 1010 Feet
3 BW-03 Near Post Office Gate 905 Feet
4 BW-04 New Faculty Housing 985 Feet
5 BW-05 Near 1.5 MLD STP Plant 700 Feet
6 BW-06 Cricket ground 830 Feet
7 BW-07 Gym Ground 800 Feet
Water Storage Facilities:
Sr No Tank Location Storage Capacity in Ltrs

1 Near main cafeteria 70092
2 Clock Tower 90000
3 Near PhD Quarter 39648
4 Near Post Office Gate 64230
5 Near BITS Coop 360090
6 Near Main Gate 61058
7 Pooja Ground 106200
8 Gym ground 50976
9 New Faculty Housing 93456
10 Plumbing Zone-1 350000
Capacities:
Capacity of the overhead water tanks in the campus

Capacity of PVC Tanks in hostels 401750
Capacity of cemented Tanks 49500
Capacity of OHT in other Institute Area 52500
Water Pumped in every day - Approx. 1800000 Liter per day.
Water used per day 725 KL for domestic and Flushing purpose.
For the irrigation purpose water used 8-10 Lakhs liter per day
33
Water Usage Pattern in the Campus:
Description Total Water(LPD)

Meera Bhawan 135000
Malviya - A 18900
Malviya - B 18900
Malviya - C 24570
SAC 28350
Ram Bhawan 54540
Budh Bhawan 54540
Vayas Bhawan 35370
Shankar Bhawan 54540
Vishavakarma Bhawan 36180
Bhagirath Bhawan 20520
Krishna Bhawan 54540
Gandhi Bhawan 54540
Rana Pratap Bhawan 54540
Ashok Bhawan 54540
RAIN WATER HARVESTING:
 RCC Tanks behind Library Building (Capacity approx. 7,00,000 Liters)

 RCC Tank in Cafeteria Lawn (Capacity approx. 25,000 Liters)
 RCC Tank in Ram Bhawan Hostel Premise (Capacity 50,000 Liters)
 RCC Tank in Krishna Bhawan Hostel Premise (Capacity 50,000 Liters)
 Brick work Tank in Blossom Kids Zone- A school for Infants (Capacity 15,000 Liters)
 Brick work Tank behind residential block 234 (Capacity 15,000 Liters)
Water consumption Per day
Approx. Water Consumption Details Per Pay

Zone-1
SrNo Description Total Domestic Flushing Water Gross Water (LPD)
Water LPD (LPD)
1 Faculty Housing 327000 114000 441000
2 Meera Bhawan 90000 45000 135000
Total 417000 159000 576000
Zone-2
Total Domestic Flushing Water
SrNo
Description Water LPD (LPD) Gross Water (LPD)
1 Faculty Housing 243000 72000 315000
2 Boys Hostels 193000 92000 285000
3 NAB 133000 30000 163000
Total 569000 194000 763000
34
Zone-3
Water LPD (LPD)
1 Boys Hostels 243000 97000 340000
2 Institute Area 120000 45000 165000
Total 363000 142000 505000

Water LPD (LPD)
1 Zone-1 417000 159000 576000
2 Zone-2 569000 194000 763000
3 Zone-3 363000 142000 505000
Total 1349000 495000 1844000
Irrigation water Network
Irrigation water for landscape use within the campus is a domestic quality and it sourced
from in house STP and has acceptable parameter as per governing requirement, using it to
maintain lush green garden.
35
RECYCLING
Sewage treatment Plant:
 Domestic waste generated in the campus at residences, hostels, messes, etc. is segregated at
source into dry, wet waste.
 To maintain natural balance in the environment and make optimum utilization of waste
available, the biodegradable waste is being processed.
 The two Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) with the capacity of 1 MLD & 1.5 MLD each is working
round the clock to treat sewage generated by residents of the campus.
 Flushing water sourced from in-house sewage Treatment plant. The Treated Effluent for
flushing is obtained after tertiary treatment at STP. Treated effluent is odourless and shall is
acceptable chemical /bacteriological parameters as per Rajasthan pollution control boards
laws. Recently some hostels, STP treated water is supplied to flush tanks of EWC through
dedicated supply network.
 The sludge generated at STP is transferred to drying bed in the vicinity of STP which is used as
manure after drying.
STP Water used for the
1. Gardening Purpose
2. Flushing Purpose
3. Cooling Tower
4. Chillers
5. Construction
6. Cleaning
Usage
1. Gardening Purpose – 8-10 Lacs liter Per day

2. Flushing Purpose -- 4-5 Lacs liter Per day
3. Cooling Tower – 1 Lacs liter Per Day
4. Chillers – 1 Lacs Liter Per Day
5. Construction – 1.0 Lacs Liter Per Day
6. Cleaning – 50 K Liter Per day
Weekly checked for the BOD, COD, TSS, pH, TDS, Oil and Grease
36
37
38
Positives:
 100 % utilization of Sewage Treated Water

 Use of TSE water from STP Plant for HVAC Cooling towers, Make up tank, Flushing and Irrigation network.
 Pumps & Equipments selected on best energy efficient point.
 Use of low flow fixtures to reduce water flow & thereby control in water usage
 Insulation of Hot Water Pipes
 Master switches installed in for each class rooms
 CRT Monitors being replaced with LCD/LED Monitor
 Thermostat controlled cooling System
 New academic Block is equipped with rain water management system with channelized Drain & pipe
Network, rain water Holding Tank, Pumps and ground water recharge pits
 Appx2 Km of storm water drain line is also provided with four rain water recharge pits
 Rain water harvesting & Recharge pits are provided at numerous locations of the campus
39
6.2 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Food Waste:
Campus having total 08 Nos Mess and food preparation done in the 2 nos mess and distributed to other mess.
Mess is running by Outsource agency
1. Blue Chip Hospitalization
2. Aditya Food Management
FSSAI License verified for both.
RO water provided to all mess and Testing of the water done by external agency.
Total student appx 5000 Nos are having the meal per day (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner)
Total food prepared appx – 3900 - 4000 Kgs/day Excluding the cutting waste
Total waste appx – 1000 – 1200 Kgs / day
Bio Gas plant not working condition, installation done in Year 2019.
Currently Food Waste is handed over to the local Municipality.
BIO WASTE:
Following Colour coding for biomedical waste management: yellow, red, white, and
blue bins
1. YELLOW
 Pathological waste
 Soiled (infectious) waste
 Medical chemical waste
 Clinical lab waste
 Pharmaceutical waste (discarded/expired medicines and drugs)
2. RED
Contaminated waste (recyclable)
WHITE (or translucent)
Sharps waste
Considering the nature of this hazardous medical waste, you will need containers that are puncture,
leak, AND tamper proof. As for disposal, the case is the same as with the waste falling under the red
category: you’ll need a medical waste shredder.
4. BLUE
Medical glassware waste

Depending on the sources you look up, you may not even find this type of container, as some literature lists
these in the same category of sharps waste, as they are also capable of inflicting puncture and cut wounds.
40
Data of Bio Waste Generation (All color Bins Total)
July 2022: 23 kgs

Aug 2022: 19 kgs
Sept 2022: 22 Kgs
October 2022: 47 Kgs
November 2022: 54 Kgs
December 2022: 17 Kgs
The Bio Waste are disposed to Pollution Control Board Authorized Agency.
E- Waste:
E – Waste such as Computers and telecommunications equipment, Consumer electronic devices and
solar panels. TVs, monitors and screens. LED bulbs etc are under buy- back system
Oil, Grease related Waste:
These are Collected separately and disposed to Pollution Control Board Authorized Agencies.
Plastic & Paper Waste:
Currently no practice of segregation of Plastic & Paper Waste. All such wastes are collected by
Municipality.
41
7. GREEN MANAGEMENT
Trees play an important ecological role within the urban environment, as well as support improved
public health and provide aesthetic benefits to campuses. In one year, a single mature tree will absorb
up to 48 pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and release it as oxygen. The amount of
oxygen released by the trees of the campus is good for the students and staff in the campus. We
need to realize the importance of trees in and around the campus as they significantly contribute
towards making the air cleaner for us. The BITS – PILANI campus sustains a luxuriant plant diversity
ranging from trees, grasses, herbs, shrubs, creepers ornamental plants, palm and seasonal flowers.
Benefits of plants
 Lowers levels of anxiety. Constantly seeing and being around plants helps people feel more
calm and relaxed, thus decreasing levels of anxiety.
 Increases attentiveness and memory. ...
 Increases productivity. ...
 Reduces stress levels and boosts mood. ...
 Sparks creativity.
The ultimate benefit of plants is the air we breathe. Our ancient Earth likely contained very
little free oxygen, but scientists estimate that about 2.5 billion years ago the evolution of
photosynthesis, whose by-product was oxygen, was the ultimate cause of the rise of oxygen levels
in our atmosphere (Photo 1). Modern levels of oxygen in the atmosphere allow us to breathe easy,
thanks to photosynthesis.
42
Today, the levels of oxygen in our atmosphere are not much of a concern, but the rapid rise of
carbon dioxide is. However, another benefit of photosynthesis is the absorption of carbon dioxide
from the air which ultimately transforms into carbon (organic matter) stored in plant tissues (Photo
1). If the carbon is stored long-term, such as in trunks of long-lived trees, this process is called
“carbon sequestration.” Many scientists are looking at ways to use plants to sequester carbon in
order to mitigate or defer global warming.
The chemical formula of photosynthesis showing how six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules in the
presence of sunlight are converted into one molecule of organic matter and six molecules of oxygen .
Green Belt/ Landscaping:
Total Area of Green Coverage inside the Campus:
Total Nos.of Out Door Plants: 13134 nos
(Covering the Family of Anacardiaceous, Acanthaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae, Myrtaceae

Lythraceae, Phyllanthaceae, Araucariaceae, Simaroubaceae, Combretaceae, Annonaceae
Meliaceae, Poaceae, Musaceae, Moraceae, Rutaceae, Rhamnaceae etc.
Myrtales)
Total Nos of Ornamental Indoor Plants: appr. 2000 Nos
(Covering the Family of Arecaceae, Araucariaceae, Araceae, Asparagaceae, Euphorbiaceae &

Cycadaceae)
43
Some specific Benefits of Plants:
Indoor plants are commonly used for their aesthetics benefits but they also have vital role reducing
airborne pollution. The right choice of plants can be an excellent way of improving indoor air quality
and general health. Local landscape contractor can be contacted for supply and rotation of these
plants
Plants VOC it removes Indoor source of Plant care

VOC’s
Formaldehyde, Chemical based Easy to grow with
Trichloroethylene cleaners and enough sunlight
and Benzene paints
Aloe Vera
Formaldehyde, Paints, Plastics, Thrives under low light
Trichloroethylene Wood products conditions as well as
and Benzene etc. easy to maintain
Bamboo Plant
Benzene Paints Low maintenance
plant that prefers low
light conditions.
Chinese Evergreen
Formaldehyde, Wood, Paper Easy to maintain
Benzene, Air products, Air
borne fecal matter borne fecal –
particles matter particles
from pests
English Ivy
Purifies indoor air Easy to maintain
Parlor Palm
44
Carbon Foot Print
Fossil fuels (such as petrol, diesel) contribute significantly to environmental pollution through
emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere mainly as carbon dioxide. Vehicular emission is
the main source of carbon emission in the campus, hence to document the various means of
transportation that is practiced by the university members is important.
Carbon foot print analysis
Nov 2022 Data of Vehicular movements inside the Campus.
Four Wheeler Movements: 5900 nos
Two Wheeler movements: 8200 nos
AutoRiksha: 1427 nos
Cycle: 13488 nos
Total movement: 29,000 nos
% age Cycle Movement: 46%
Initiatives:
Cycle movement encouraged. All students are allowed only to use the Cycles.
To minimize the traveling time and distance the hostels are within the premises only.
Car Pooling is encouraged
Routine Green Practices:
Every year university celebrates World Environment Day and World Water Day in the
campus. Many plants are planted on this day every year; in this way the plant count
increases every year. The main focus of these programs is to provide awareness to
the students about the importance of the environment, its conservation and
sustainable use of environmental resources.
45
8.RECOMMENDATIONS:
Energy Management
1] Avoid the Pump Throttling to Increase Pump Efficiency
Zone 2 and 3 pumps are observed in throttled position for both set domestic and flush. Throttling
on the pump discharge will effect on changing the system resistance curve. This changes the point
of intersection with the pump performance curve with resultant change in flow. In such case pump
input remains same but the output of pump will reduce which will reduce the efficiency of pump
and degrades pump life.
Zone 1 pumps are having VFD for both domestic and flush pumps but still the discharge side of both
set is 50% throttled, this will nullify the purpose of VFD installation and it is running with 50Hz
frequency.
So it is recommended that to install VFD on zone 3 and zone 2 pumps and for zone 1 adjust the
frequency and remove throttling on it.
At present the line pressure requirement is 2 kg/ cm2 and if the line pressure goes
beyond the VFD will sense the pressure and cut off the power supply.
Replacement of existing lighting with LED:
• LED lights are up to 80% more efficient than traditional lighting such as fluorescent and
incandescent lights. LED lights also consume much less power than traditional lighting. A
typical 84-watt fluorescent can be replaced by a 36-watt LED to give the same level of
light. Less energy use reduces the demand from grid and decreases greenhouse gas
emissions.
• LED lights contain no toxic elements. Most offices currently use fluorescent strip lights
which contain noxious chemicals such as mercury. This will contaminate the
environment when disposed of in landfill waste. Disposal has to be arranged through a
registered waste carrier so switching to LED avoids the cost and time implications
required for compliant disposal and helps to protect the environment from further toxic
waste.
• A longer life span means lower carbon emissions. LED Lights last up to six times longer
than other types of lights, reducing the requirement for frequent replacements. This
results in using fewer lights and hence fewer resources are needed for manufacturing
processes, packaging materials and transportation.
• It is reported that no Sodium/mercury Vapour Lamps are in used in the campus as on
today. It is recommended to replace Sodium/mercury Vapour Lamp light fixture with LED
Light if any.
46
• All toilet blocks and passages may be planned to put on motion sensor control in a
phased manner.
General Energy Savings Proposal
Energy Savings for Computers, Printers Scanner, Light, AC, Ceiling Fan etc.
 Photocopier and printers may be “turned off”” WHEN NOT IN USE”, as even in the “sleep
mode” these consume power. Power Management features should be activated on all
copiers and printers.
 Monitor and other office equipment may be plugged into power with a motion sensor.
These devices automatically turn off equipment whenever user leaves the room for more
than a few minutes that can be set by user. All Computers may be “Switched OFF” at the
end of the day.
 Air conditioners temperatures can be set at optimum like for rooms may be set at 26 0 C.
Environment Management
33 KV Sub- Station:
a. 32 earth pits, renovated recently, to be painted for its number, ohmic value measured, date
of measurement, next due date etc.
b. Sand bucket is filled with soil, to be replaced with good sand
c. Material stored in battery room, may be shifted to store room
d. Electrical shock chart to be provided
Sewage Treatment Plant:

i. Aisle marking may be provided
ii. High noise area posters and use of necessary PPE to be provided
iii. Chemical cans are stored on floor, proper containments and MSDS to be provided at this
storage location
iv. Electrical panel door is kept open for cable termination, to be closed on priority
v. Roof exhaust fans may be provided to for better ventilation to avoid bad smell
DG and chiller units:
47
vi. Monthly running hours, power generated, diesel consumption to be recorded and analyzed for
any possibility of saving
vii. Monthly running hours, power consumption to be recorded and analyzed for any possibility of
saving
Waste Segregation at Source I.e. Plastic & Paper waste
GREEN CAMPUS
1. Replacement of all remaining lights with LED

2. It is reported that no Sodium/mercury Vapor Lamps are in used in the campus as on today.
It is recommended to replace Sodium/mercury Vapor Lamp light fixture with LED Light if
any.
3. All toilet blocks and passages may be planned to put on motion sensor control in a phased
manner.
4. Photocopier and printers may be “turned off”” WHEN NOT IN USE”, as even in the “sleep
mode” these consume power. Power Management features should be activated on all
copiers and printers.
5. Monitor and other office equipment may be plugged into power with a motion sensor.
These devices automatically turn off equipment whenever user leaves the room for more
than a few minutes that can be set by user. All Computers may be “switched OFF” at the end
of the day.
0
6. Air conditioners temperatures can be set at optimum like for rooms may be set at 26 C.
7. Re – start the Bio Gas Plant
Audit Team
Name of the Client Date of Audit Date and Signature
Name Role
V. Balakrishnan Team Leader
Birla Institute of From 19th to Keshavraj Athavale Lead Auditor – V. Balakrishnan

Technology and 22nd Energy
Science December Management
(BITS – PILANI) 2022 Mahendra Patil Environment &
Green Audit
Sunny Subhash Pangire Energy Auditor
20. 01.2023
Ajay Annasaheb Toraskar Energy Auditor
Swapnil Sanjay Bade Energy Auditor
48

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IRCLASS Systems and Solutions Pvt. Ltd.

ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT & GREEN AUDIT REPORT

Birla Institute of Technology and Science

From 19th to 22nd December 2022

IRCLASS SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.

Ref No Title Page Nos

The Institute is committed to generating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge, and to

Integrated First Degrees:

3. General Introduction and Objectives of Environmental, Energy & Green

The Environmental, Energy & Green Assessment is a process of systematic Identification,

4. General Steps and Scope of the Assessment:

1. Data collection based on questionnaire.

5 . ENERGY MANAGEMENT ASSESSMENT

Objective of Energy Audit:

 Identifying the quality and cost of various energy inputs.

 Assessing present pattern of energy consumption in different cost centers of operations.

 electrical energy economy.

 To minimize energy costs / waste without affecting production & quality.

 To minimize environmental effects.

Energy usage in the campus:

 Electricity bill amount for the last three years –

 Rajasthan State Electricity Board (As per bill)

Year 2018-19 – Rs. - 7,73,13,946

Year 2019-20 – Rs. - 12,56,48,424

Year 2020-21 – Rs. - 5,25,24,431

 M/S Cleanmax Solar IPP Pvt. Ltd. (As per bill)

Year 2018-19 – Rs.5404078

Year 2019-20 – Rs. 5994866

Year 2020 – 21 – Rs. 6213746

4.2 Electricity Consumption

Table 1. Electricity Consumption – 2021-22

Energy Consumption Trend 2021-22

Figure 1. Electricity Consumption – 2021-22

Power Factor Trend 2021-22

Figure 2. Power Factor Trend 2021-22

Table 2. Solar Generation Details

RSEB Power consumption trend

RSEB Consumption Trend

Solar Power generation trend –

Energy Consumption Vs Solar Generation

Figure 3. Percentage share of Energy Consumption and Energy Generation

Energy Performance Assessment:

Analyzer. The observations for the same are given below.

Transformer 1000 kVA

Figure 4. Performance of 1000 kVA transformer

Power Cosnumption of 1000 kVA

Figure 5. 1000 kVA Transformer Profile

Harmonics at each transformer is measures and presented in below table

Table 3. Voltage harmonics of 1250 kVA transformer

Max Average Min

Voltage harmonics Profile of 1000 kVA Transformer

Max Average Min

Figure 6. Voltage Harmonics Graph of 1000 kVA Transformer

Current harmonics at 1000 kVA transformer is presented in below table

Table 4. Current Harmonics of 1000 kVA transformer

Max Average Min

Current Harmonics Profile of 1000 kVA Transformer

Max Average Min

Figure 7. Current Harmonics Graph of 1000 kVA transformer

Figure 8. Performance of 1250 kVA transformer