International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020

Vol. 4, Issue 12, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 273-276

Published Online April 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

ARDUINO BASED AUTOMATIC PLANT

WATERING/IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Neha Singh Shreya Srivastava
Department of ECE Department of ECE
Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur, Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur,
UP, India UP, India

Sana Mukhtar Rahul Mani Upadhyay

Department of ECE Department of ECE
Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur Buddha Institute of Technology, Gorakhpur
UP, India UP, India

Abstract- Irrigation In the present days, the farmers are neighbors, Sometimes the neighbors do too much of watering
suffering from severe drought like condition throughout and the plants end up dying anyway. There are timer based
the year. The main objective of this paper is to provide a devices available in India which waters the soil on set interval.
system leads to automatic irrigation thereby saving time, They do not sense the soil moisture and the ambient
money & power of the farmers, gardeners in greenhouses temperature to know if the soil actually needs watering or not.
etc. An adequate water supply is important for plant Assimilation is that the artificial application of water to the
growth. When rainfall is not sufficient, the plants need land or soil It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural
additional water. We know that people do not pour the crops [3], maintenance of landscapes, and re vegetation of
water on to the plants in their gardens when they go to disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate
vacation or often forget to water plants. As a result, there rainfall. K. Srikar et al When a zone comes on, the water
is a chance to get the plants damaged. This paper presents flows through the lateral lines and ultimately finally ends up at
a technique for Arduino based Automatic Irrigation the irrigation electrode (drip) or mechanical device heads.
System. With this automated technology of irrigation, Several sprinklers have pipe thread inlets on the lowest of
human intervention can be minimized. them that permits a fitting and also the pipe to be connected to
The moisture sensors will be bed in on the field. Whenever them S. Borromeo et al (2011). The sprinklers are usually used
there is a change in water concentration, these sensors will in the top of the head flush with the ground surface [9]. As the
sense the change and gives an interrupt signal to the method of dripping will reduce huge water losses it became a
micro-controller. Soil is one of the most fragile resources popular method by reducing the labor cost and increasing the
whose soil pH property used to describe the degree of the yields. When the components are activated, all the
acidity or basicity, which affects nutrient availability and components will read and gives the output signal to the
ultimately plant growth. Thus, the system will provide controller, and the information will be displayed to the user
automation, remote controlling and increased efficiency. (farmer). The sensor readings are analog in nature so the ADC
Humidity sensor is connected to internal ports of pin in the controller will convert the analog signals into digital
microcontroller via comparator; [1] Sandeep Minz et al format [8] M.P. Durisic et al (2012). Then the controller will
whenever there is a fluctuation in temperature and access information and when the motors are turned On/Off it
humidity of the environment, these sensors sense the will be displayed on the LCD Panel, and serial monitor
change in temperature and humidity and give an interrupt windows [10] G Lopez et al (2010). There are many systems
signal to the micro-controller and thus the motor is are available to water savings in various crops, from basic
activated. ones to more technologically advanced ones. For instance, in
one system plant watering status was monitored and irrigation
Keywords— Arduino; Moisture Sensor; Automatic scheduled based on temperature presents in soil content of the
Irrigation; Xbee Introduction plant.

I. INTRODUCTION II. WORKING

The main aim of this project was to provide water to the
plants or gardening automatically using microcontroller An automatic plant watering system using Arduino
(Arduino Uno). We can automatically watering the plants microcontroller UNO R3 is programmed such that it gives the
when we are going on vacation or don’t we have to bother my interrupt signals to the motor via the motor driver module. Soil

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020
Vol. 4, Issue 12, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 273-276
Published Online April 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

sensor is connected to the A0 pin to the Arduino board which

senses the moisture content present in the soil. Whenever the
soil moisture content values goes down, the sensor senses the
humidity change, giving signal to the microcontroller so that
the pump (motor) can be activated. This concept can be used
for automatic plant watering system. D. k. Fisher et al (2010)
The circuit comprises an Arduino UNO board [2], a soil
moisture sensor, a 5V motor pump, a Motor driver L293D
(IC1), motor driver IC to run the water pump. You can power
the Arduino board using a 5V to 9V wall wart or plug in
adaptor or solar panel. You need a separate 5V to 9vbattery
for the pump motor.

III. COMPONENT AND REQUIRNMENT Fig.2 Relay

3.3 Soil Sensor
3.1Arduino In figure 3, Soil moisture sensors measure the humidity of
In figure.1 it is showing an Arduino board is an open source water content in soil. Since the direct hydrometric
platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino is a measuring of free soil wetness needs removing, during, and
programmable circuit’s board which we can write a program coefficient of a sample, soil wetness sensors live the meter
based on your projects. Arduino program will be uploading water content indirectly by victimization another property of
with IDE (Integrated Development Environment) software
the soil, like electrical phenomenon, one conductor constant,
that runs on your computer, it is used to write and upload
computer code to the Arduino physical board. Arduino or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the wetness
language is merely a set of C/C++ functions that can be called content. [2]
from your code.

Fig.1 ARDUINO UNO BOARD

Fig.3 Soil Sensors
3.2 Relay
In figure 2, shows are a relay is an electrically operated
3.5 Motor 5V
switch. Several relays use a magnet to automatically operate a An AC motor is an electrical motor driven by Associate in
switch, however alternative in operation principles are used, alternating current (AC). In figure: 5, The AC motor normally
like solid state relays. Relays are used wherever it's necessary consists of two basic components, an outdoor stationary stator
to regulate a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or coil having coils furnished with AC to supply a rotating flux,
wherever many circuits should be controlled by one signal. and an indoor rotor connected to the output shaft
[4]. R.Jaichandran et al (2013) The essential relays were manufacturing a second rotating flux. The rotor flux could
handling in long distance communicate circuits as amplifiers, also be made by permanent magnets, reluctance striking, or
they unbroken the signal coming back in from one circuit and DC or AC electrical windings.
re-transmitted it on another circuit.

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020
Vol. 4, Issue 12, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 273-276
Published Online April 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

3.8 Pipe
Here it is used as a water channel, and pipe has been used for
watering plant.

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig.4 Motor The block diagram of the proposed system can be represented
3.6 Transistor as shown in Figure.
The 2N2222 may be a common NPN bipolar semiconductor
device; bipolar junction transistors (BJT) used for general
purpose low-power amplifying or switch applications. It is
designed for low to medium current, low amplifying current,
low power, medium voltage, and might operate at moderately
high speeds. It had been originally created within the TO-18
metal.

V. ADVANTAGES
Fig.5 Transistor
 Saves water
3.7 Resistor  Improves growth
Here in figure 6, it is an electrical device may be a passive  Discourages weeds
two-terminal electrical part that implements resistance as a  Saves time
circuit component. Venkata Naga Rohit Gunturi (2013). In  Helps control fungal diseases
electronic circuits, resistors unit of measurement accustomed  Adaptable
reduce current flow, alter signal levels, to divide voltages, bias  Eliminates the manual operation of opening or
active components, and terminate transmission lines, among closing valves
completely different uses.[5]  Adaption of the advanced irrigation systems and the
new technologies, especially the new irrigation
systems that are complex and difficult to operate
manually.
 The system will be operated in night also which
results in minimization of the water loss due to
evaporation.
 Irrigation process starts and stops exactly when
required, thus optimizing energy requirements

Fig.6 Resister VI. RESULTS

Irrigation becomes easy, accurate and practical with the same
soil sample impossible. Because of the idea above shared and
can be implemented in agricultural difficulties of accurately
measuring dry soil and water fields in future to promote

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2020
Vol. 4, Issue 12, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 273-276
Published Online April 2020 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

agriculture to next level. [7]. S.D. Gainwar et al (2015). The

Volumes, volumetric water contents are not usually output [6] A. N. Arvindan and D. Keerthika, “Experimental
from moisture sensor and level stem plays major determined investigation of remote control via Android smart phone of
directly. Role in producing the output.
arduino-based automated irrigation system using moisture
VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE sensor”, Proc. of 2016 3rd International Conference on
Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), Chennai, 17-19 March
The Cultivation Management System based on cloud is a very 2016, pp. 168-175. Doi: 10.1109/ICEES.2016.7510636
effective system for the user, which cultivates the plants on the
111,2017.
farm field by this farmer can examine their farm field
information and detail from anywhere in between range. The
proposed monitor tool gives soil moisture details, water level [7] S. D. Gainwar and D. V. Rojatkar, “Soil Parameters
details which can help to increase in productivity by using Monitoring with Automatic Irrigation System”, International
such automated irrigation system. Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), Vol. 04, Issue 11, Nov. 2015.
The proposed system can be extended in future by adding the
feature for remotely monitoring sensors that can detect crop [8] M. P. Durisic, Z. Tafa, G. Dimic, and V. Milutinovic, ―A
growth and livestock feed levels. In the future, adding the survey ofmilitary applications of
features that can remotelymanage and control their smart
wireless sensor networks,ǁ inProc. MECO,Jun. 2012, pp. 196–
connected other irrigation equipment in the proposed system
can be investigated. 199.

VIII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
[9] M. C. Rodríguez-Sánchez, S. Borromeo, and J. A.
Hernández-Tamames, ―Wireless sensor networks
The Author would like to thank Buddha Institute of for conservation and monitoring cultural assets, ǁIEEE Sensors
Technology Gorakhpur for providing all the facility of my J., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1382–1389, Jun. 2011.
research work.
[10] G. López, V. Custodio, and J. I. Morenoz ―LOBIN: E-
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