p1 Gr12 Calculus 1,2,3 - P Exam
p1 Gr12 Calculus 1,2,3 - P Exam
p1 Gr12 Calculus 1,2,3 - P Exam
PART 1
(LIMIT, 1ST PRINCIPLE AND
DERIVATIVE USING RULES)
GRADE 12
PAST EXAM PAPERS
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: melulekishabalala@gmail.com
MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH NUMBER: 0733318802 Page 1
CELLPHONE
CALCULUS
It helps us to understand any change in different variables ,eg measure instantaneous changes in
rate of population growth, behavior of particles, economics profit and losses also determining the
spread of disease. It is basically the MATHEMATICS OF CHANGE. Wherever there is a
change in one variable produce changes in another, therefore calculus helps us to understand that
changes occur. LIMIT - The limit of the function is the value of 𝑦 to which the graph approaches
as the values of 𝑥 approach a certain value from both the left and right side of that point. It will be
explored more at University.
AVERAGE GRADIENT
The Average gradient (average rate of change) of a function, it is like the gradient of the line
between two points, change in 𝑦 divided by change in 𝑥.
EXAMPLE:
a) b)
1 5
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5
𝑥
1.4 In each of the following case find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) by 1st principle at the point where 𝑥 = −1
1 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 − 𝑥 2 b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 c) 𝑓(𝑥) = − 𝑥 3 d) 𝑓(𝑥) =
2 5𝑥
𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 6
3) Determine 𝐷𝑡 = [ ]
𝑡+2
𝑥2 3
4) Given that 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = + find 𝑓′(𝑥)
3 𝑥3
𝑑 4
5) Determine [ − √𝑥 3 ]
𝑑𝑥 5𝑥 3
𝑑 3
6) Determine [ √8𝑥 2 + (2𝑥 )−4 ]
𝑑𝑥
𝑡 2 + 5𝑡 + 6 (𝒙 + 𝟐)𝟑
7) Determine 𝐷𝑡 = [ ] or Determine 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝒇(𝒙) =
𝑡 √𝒙
[7]
𝑑𝑦 𝑥6
2.2 Evaluate if 𝑦= + 4√𝑥 (3)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑏
2.3 A function 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + has a minimum value at 𝑥 = 4. The function at
𝑥
[14]
[10]
QUESTION 4 (NOVEMBER 2011)
4.1 Determine 𝑓′(𝑥) from first principle if 𝑓(𝑥) = −4𝑥 2 (5)
4.2 Evaluate:
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑥2
4.2.1 if 𝑦= − (3)
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2
[12]
5.2 Evaluate:
𝑑𝑦 8 − 3𝑥 6
5.2.2 if 𝑦= (4)
𝑑𝑥 8𝑥 5
[11]
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
6.2 Evaluate if 𝑦 = 𝑥 −4 + 2𝑥 3 − . (3)
𝑑𝑥 5
𝑥2 + 𝑥 − 2
6.3 Given: 𝑔(𝑥 ) =
𝑥−1
[11]
𝑑𝑦 2√𝑥 + 1
7.2 Determine if 𝑦= (4)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
[15]
8.1.2 A(𝑥 ; 23), where 𝑥 > 0, and B(−2 ; 𝑦) are points on the graph of
8.3 Determine the gradient of the tangent of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 5
at 𝑥 = −1. (4)
[17]
9.1.2 For which value(s) of 𝑥 will 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) > 0? Justify your answer. (2)
𝑑𝑦 1
9.2 Evaluate if 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥. (2)
𝑑𝑥 4
3
9.3 Given: 𝑦 = 4( √𝑥 2 ) and 𝑥 = 𝑤 −3
𝑑𝑦
Determine . (4)
𝑑𝑤
numbers. (4)
[17]
1
10.2 Determine the derivative of : 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 − 3. (2)
2
𝑑𝑦
10.3 If 𝑦 = (𝑥 6 − 1)2 , prove that = 12𝑥 5 √𝑦 , if 𝑥 > 1. (3)
𝑑𝑥
[14]
11.2 Differentiate:
1 2
11.2.2 𝑝(𝑥 ) = ( + 4𝑥) (4)
𝑥3
[11]
𝑑𝑦 1
12.2.1` if 𝑦 = √𝑥 3 − 𝑥 4 (3)
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4
12.2.2 𝐷𝑥 [ ] (4)
𝑥2
[12]
13.2 Evaluate:
𝑑𝑦 3
13.2.1 if 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 . √8𝑥 4 (3)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 +4𝑥
13.2.2 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (4)
𝑥−4
[12]
14.2 Determine:
𝑑𝑦 2 1 2
14.2.1 if 𝑦 = (𝑥 − ) (3)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥 3 −1
14.2.2 𝐷𝑥 ( 𝑥−1 ) (3)
[11]
3 2
15.2.2 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − ) (3)
𝑥
[10]
7
16.2.2 𝐷𝑥 [√𝑥 (2𝑥 − 3 )] (4)
√𝑥
[13]
17.2 Determine:
4
17.2.1 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 − (4)
𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 1
17.2.2 if 𝑥 2 − 3 = √𝑦 (4)
𝑑𝑥 2
[13]
18.2 John determines 𝑔′(𝑎), the derivative of a certain function 𝑔 at 𝑥 = 𝑎, and arrives
lim √4 + ℎ − 2
at the answer: ℎ→0.
ℎ
𝑑𝑦 5
18.3 Determine if 𝑦 = √𝑥 3 − (4)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥3
[16]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 10
QUESTION 19 (FEB/MARCH 2017)
19.1 Determine 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) from first principles if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 5. (5)
2𝑥
19.2 Determine the derivative of : 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 − (3)
𝑥3
[14]
QUESTION 20 (MARCH 2017)
20.2 Evaluate
𝑑𝑦 3
20.2.1 if 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 . √8𝑥 4 (4)
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
20.2.2 𝑓′(𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (5)
𝑥−4
[14]
QUESTION 21 (JUNE 2017)
2
21.1 Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = Determine the derivative of 𝑓 from first principles. (5)
3𝑥
21.2 Evaluate
[14]
QUESTION 22 (NOVEMBER 2017)
22.2 Determine:
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3
23.2.1 𝐷𝑥 [ ] (3)
𝑥+1
[11]
𝑥 2− 4
24.2.1 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (4)
𝑥
3
24.2.2. 𝑔(𝑥 ) = √𝑥 4 + (3𝑥 )−2 (4)
[13]
[13]
26.2.1 𝑦 = 3𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 4 (3)
26.2.2 𝑦𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 ; 𝑥 ≠ 1 (4)
[12]
27.2 Differentiate:
1 2
27.2.1 𝑔(𝑥 ) = (2𝑥 − ) (4)
2𝑥
𝑥3 − 1
27.2.2 𝐷𝑥 [ ] (4)
1−𝑥
[13]
28.2 Determine:
𝑑 5
28.2.1 [3𝑥 4 + √𝑥 + 𝑎2 ] (3)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
28.2.2 , if 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 1 (4)
𝑑𝑥
[12]
29.3 Given: 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑎
Determine:
𝑑𝑦
29.3.1 (1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
29.3.2 (2)
𝑑𝑎
12
29.4 The curve with equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + passes through the point A(2 ; 𝑏).
𝑥
Determine the equation of the line perpendicular to the tangent to the curve at A. (4)
[14]
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 13
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
PART 2
(CUBIC FUNCTION & EQUATION
OF TANGENT)
GRADE 12
PAST EXAM PAPERS
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: melulekishabalala@gmail.com
MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH NUMBER: 0733318802 Page 14
CELLPHONE
1. CUBIC FUNCTION
A) FORM
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑 (standard form)
3 2
a) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 6
b) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 2
c) 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 3 − 11𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2
Now for values of 𝑎𝑥 2 and c. 𝑎𝑥 2 = 1st term in cubic equation ÷ 1st term in
factor = 𝑥 2 . Value of c = last term in cubic equation ÷ last term in factor = 6.
∴ (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝟔) = 𝟎
3) Determine the coefficient of 𝒙 by equating coefficients from 𝒙𝟐
In the given equation the coefficient of 𝑥 2 is −4 and it is obtained by collecting like terms
after multiplication. Multiply 𝑥 from linear with 𝑏𝑥 in quadratic and also multiply 1
from linear with 𝑥 2 in quadratic. Then equate those answer to the value of 𝑥 2 in the given
cubic graph to solve for b. NB! If there is no 𝒙𝟐 in the equation equate it to 𝟎𝒙𝟐
∴ 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 = −4𝑥 2
𝑥 2 (𝑏 + 1) = −4𝑥 2 common factor 𝑥 2
𝑏 + 1 = −4 divided with 𝑥 2 both sides
∴ 𝑏 = −5
(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔) = 𝟎
4) Factorise the quadratic factor to obtain other factors( Quadratic formula maybe used)
The ′𝟏′ is then multiplied by root/ factor (−1). The answer (1 × −1 = −1) is then
added to the coefficient of 𝑥 2 (which is −𝟒). The sum of the numbers (−1 − 4 = −𝟓)
is then written under the coefficient of 𝑥 2 as shown below:
The process is then repeated, −5 is multiplied by the factor (−1) and the answer (5)
is then added to the coefficient of 𝑥 as shown below:
The process is then repeated again as shown below. The last number is the
remainder and is always be equal to 0 as you are dividing 𝑓 by a factor.
The numbers under the BACKWARDS L are the coefficients of quadratic factor
The 1st number (1) is the coefficient of 𝑥 2 , −𝟓 is the coefficient of 𝑥, and 6 is the
constant. (𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝟏𝒙𝟐 − 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔) = 𝟎
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 1)=0
∴ 𝑏𝑥 2 −2𝑥 2 = 0𝑥 2
𝑥 2 (𝑏 − 2) = 0𝑥 2
𝑏−2=0
∴𝑏=2
(𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟎 (𝒙 − 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟎
∴𝑥=2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1 ± √2 ∴𝑥=2 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1 ± √2
ACTIVITY 1
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 − 28
1.1 Calculate the coordinates of the intercepts of 𝑓 with the axes. (5)
1.2 Calculate the coordinates of the turning points of 𝑓. (5)
1.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 , clearly indicating the intercepts with the axes and the
turning points. (3)
1.4 Determine the values of 𝑘 for which −𝑥 3 + 10𝑥 2 − 17𝑥 = 25 + 𝑘 will have
One real root. (2)
[15]
ACTIVITY 2
2.1 Given: 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑎 ≠ 0, which has the following properties.
𝑓′(𝑥) > 0 if 𝑥 < −3 or 𝑥 > 3
𝑓 ′ (−3) = 𝑓 ′ (3) = 0
𝑓(0) > 0
Use the above information to draw a sketch of 𝑔. (4)
ACTIVITY 3
3.1 A cubic function 𝑓 has the following properties:
1
𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(−1) = 0
2
1
𝑓 ′ (2) = 𝑓′ (− ) = 0
3
1
𝑓 decreases for 𝑥 ∈ (− ; 2) only
3
2) CONCAVITY→ ( 𝒇′′(𝒙) )
CONCAVE UP 𝑓′′(𝑥) > 0
CONCAVE DOWN 𝑓′′(𝑥) < 0
3) POINT OF INFLECTION
It is the point where graph changes concavity. If the cubic function has only one stationary
point(TP), this point will be a point of inflection that is also a stationary point
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 0
EXAMPLES
Consider 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 5
a) Determine the stationary point(s) of 𝑓.
b) Determine the coordinates of the point
of inflection of f.
c) Determine the values of 𝑥 where
1) 𝑓(𝑥) increasing NB: 𝑓′(𝑥) 2) Concave
up (𝑓′′(𝑥)).
4) NATURE OF ROOTS (values of k for which graph have ___Distinct roots)
In all questions about roots (Know Y-VALUE of turning point as your starting point)
1-root (k >y max TP or k< y min TP) 2-roots (k= tp or k=tp) 3-roots (between y for TP’s)
e.g 𝒌 > 𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝒌 < 𝒑 e.g 𝒌 = 𝒑 or 𝒌 = 𝒎 e.g 𝒑<𝒌<𝒎
5) DETERMINING THE EQUATION-WILL BE DONE IN ACTIVITIES.
ACTIVITY 2
A cubic graph 𝑓 is defined by the following properties:
𝑓(−2) = 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(6) = 0
𝑓(0) = 12
𝑎>0
2.1 By using the given information above, sketch a basic graph clearly indicating
the intercepts with the axes. (3)
EXAMPLE 1
In the diagram, the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓′(𝑥) is given where 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 represents
a cubic function.
a) Determine the equation of 𝑓′(𝑥).
b) Determine the equation of 𝑓(𝑥).
c) By referring to the diagram,
determine the values of 𝑥 for
which the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) has
it’s stationary points.
𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2. A and (−1 ; 0) are the 𝑥-intercepts of 𝑓. The graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔 intersect at
A and C.
1.6 Write down the values of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 will have only ONE root. (3)
1.7 Write down the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓′(𝑥) < 0. (2)
[22]
The graphs of ℎ and 𝑔′ have a common 𝑦-intercept at E. C(−2 ; 0) and D(6 ; 0) are the
𝑥-intercepts of the graph of 𝑔′. A is the 𝑥-intercept of ℎ and B is the turning point of 𝑔′.
AB ∥ 𝑦-axis.
2.4 Write down the 𝑥-coordinate of the point of inflection of the graph of 𝑔. (2)
[12]
3.3 Determine the 𝑥-value at which the graph of 𝑓 has a point of inflection. (2)
[14]
4.2 At which value of 𝑥 does the graph of 𝑓 have a local minimum? Give reasons
for your answer. (3)
[4]
A(−1 ; 0) and C(3 ; 0) are the 𝑥- intercepts of 𝑓. The graph of 𝑓 has turning points at A and B.
D(0 ; −6) is the 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓. E and D are points of intersection of the graphs of 𝑓 and 𝑔.
5.3 ℎ(𝑥) is the vertical distance between 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥), that is ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)
[15]
𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 8
6.1 Show that (1 ; – 3) is the point of contact of the tangent to the graph. (1)
[7]
1
𝑓 ( ) = 𝑓(3) = 𝑓(−1) = 0
2
1
𝑓 ′ (2) = 𝑓′ (− ) = 0
3
1
𝑓 decreases for 𝑥 ∈ [− ; 2] only
3
Draw a possible sketch graph of 𝑓, clearly indicating the 𝑥-coordinates of the turning
[4]
[16]
maximum. (3)
9.2.1 Determine the equation of the tangent to the graph of 𝑔 at 𝑥 = –1. (4)
9.2.2 For which values of 𝑞 will the line 𝑦 = −5𝑥 + 𝑞 not intersect
[17]
10.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓. Show all intercepts with the axes and all turning points. (3)
[14]
[11]
indicated.
= 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 18
13.1 Calculate the coordinates of the turning points of the graph of 𝑓. (6)
13.2 Sketch the graph of 𝑓, clearly indicating the intercepts with the axes and the
[13]
14.1.4 The graph of ℎ is concave down for 𝑥 < 𝑘. Calculate the value
[11]
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
[12]
[5]
is drawn.
𝑓(1) = 𝑓(4) = 0
𝑓 has a local maximum at B and a local minimum at 𝑥 = 4
3
18.1 Show that 𝑎 = and 𝑏 = 6. (5)
2
𝑥 = −1 at P. (4)
1
18.3 Show that the concavity of ℎ changes at 𝑥 = . (3)
2
18.4 Explain the significance of the change in QUESTION 18.3 with respect to ℎ. (1)
is parallel to 𝑔. (4)
[17]
19.1.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓, clearly labeling ALL turning points and
intercepts with the axes. (3)
20.1.4 Sketch 𝑔 indicating the intercepts and the stationary points. (4)
[15]
[13]
at 𝑥 = −3. (2)
22.2.3 Determine the values of 𝑘 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 has only two real
roots. (2)
22.2.4 Determine the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 is concave up. (3)
[17]
23.1 Calculate the coordinates of the turning points of the graph of 𝑓. (5)
23.2 Prove that the equation 2𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 0 has only one real root. (3)
23.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑓, clearly indicating the intercepts with the axes and the
turning points. (3)
23.4 For which values of 𝑥 will the graph of 𝑓 be concave up? (3)
[14]
24.3 Determine an equation for the tangent to the graph of 𝑓 at 𝑥 = −1. (4)
24.4 Sketch the graph of 𝑓′′(𝑥). Clearly indicate the 𝑥- and 𝑦- intercepts on sketch. (3)
[17]
is drawn.
𝑓(1) = 𝑓(4) = 0
𝑓 has a local maximum at B and a local minimum at 𝑥 = 4
𝑓 ′ (−3) = 𝑓 ′ (3) = 0
𝑓(0) > 0
Use the above information to draw a sketch of 𝑔. (4)
has turning points D(2 ; 54) and E. 𝑓 intersects the 𝑥-axis at A, B and C and the
𝑦-axis at F.
[20]
28.3 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 on a system of axes. Clearly indicate the coordinates of
the stationary points and the intercepts with the axes. (4)
28.4 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which the graph is concave down. (2)
28.6 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 has 3 unequal real roots, determine the value(s) of 𝑘. (3)
28.7 Write down the equation of 𝑡 if 𝑓 is shifted 3 units horizontally to the left. (2)
[22]
29.2 Determine the local maximum and minimum turning points of 𝑓. (4)
29.3 Sketch 𝑓 showing the coordinates of the turning points and the intercepts
29.4 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘 has one root equal to 0, write down the value of 𝑘. (2)
29.5 Given 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥 − 4), write down the coordinates of the new maximum point. (2)
29.6 Write down the values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓 is concave up. (2)
1
29.7 Determine the equation of 𝑔(𝑥) if 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓 (𝑥 + ). (2)
2
[19]
30.4 Write down the interval for which ℎ is concave up. (1)
30.5 If 𝑔(𝑥) = ℎ(−𝑥), write down the coordinates of the turning point that is the
image A. (2)
30.6 Determine the values of 𝑘 for which ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑘 has 2 unequal negative real roots
and one positive real root. (2)
[14]
intersects the 𝑥-axis at (−5 ; 0) and at P, and the 𝑦-axis at (0 ; 20). P and R are
turning points of 𝑔.
𝑔(3) = 𝑔′ (3) = 0
𝑔(0) = 27
𝑔′′(𝑥) > 0 when 𝑥 < 3 and 𝑔′′(𝑥) < 0 when 𝑥 > 3
[15]
[17]
33.2 The graphs 𝑓 , 𝑓 ′ and 𝑓′′ all pass through the point (0 ; 0)
33.3 Determine the vertical distance between the graphs of 𝑓′ and 𝑓′′ at 𝑥 = 1. (3)
[13]
PART 3
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO HIGH Page 46
GUIDE TO MAXIMISE/MINIMISE
AND RATE OF CHANGE
1. MAXIMISE/MINIMISE
You might be given statement to formulate your own equation. Even if there
are two variables.Vertical and horizontal distances in relation to functions to
be used in calculation of Areas of shape incribed to functions
Determine 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑓′(𝑥)
For MAXIMUM or MINIMUM it is where by 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0.
Answer the question by looking carefully what is being maximised/minimised
LOOK OUT FOR BONUS MARKS – WILL BE GIVEN EQUATION TO
MAXIMISE………JUST DERIVE (𝒇′(𝒙)) → 𝑓′(𝑥)= 0 AND answer.
2. RATE OF CHANGE
IMPORTANT HINTS OR APPROACH
1.1 If the length of wire used to make the circle is 𝑥 metres, write in terms of 𝑥 the
length of the sides of the square in metres. (1)
1.2 Show that the sum of the areas of the circle and the square is given by
1 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = (
16
+
4𝜋
) 𝑥 2 − 2 + 1 square metres. (4)
1.3 How should the wire be cut so that the sum of the areas of the circle and the
square is a minimum? (3)
[8]
1 4𝑟
2.1 Show that ℎ = 2
− . (3)
6𝑟 3
2.2 Hence, show that the outer surface area of the satellite can be given as
4𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋
𝑠= + . (3)
3 3𝑟
2.3 Calculate the minimum outer surface area of the satellite. (6)
[12]
fixed point on the line at time 𝑡 seconds (𝑡 ≥ 0) is given by 𝑠(𝑡) = 2𝑡 2 − 18𝑡 + 45.
3.1 Calculate the particle's initial velocity. (Velocity is the rate of change of distance.) (3)
3.2 Determine the rate at which the velocity of the particle is changing at t seconds. (1)
3.3 After how many seconds will the particle be closest to the fixed point? (2)
[6]
long as its width. The material used to construct the top and the bottom of the box costs R100 per
square metre. The material used to construct the sides of the box costs R50 per square metre.
4.1 Determine an expression for the height (ℎ) of the box in terms of 𝑥. (3)
4.2 Show that the cost to construct the box can be expressed as
1200
𝐶= + 600𝑥 2 . (3)
𝑥
4.3 Calculate the width of the box (that is the value of 𝑥) if the cost is to be a
minimum. (4)
[10]
An industrial process requires water to flow through its system as part of the cooling cycle.
Water flows continuously through the system for a certain period of time.
The relationship between the time(𝑡) from when the water starts flowing and the rate(𝑟)
at which the water is flowing through the system is given by the equation:
4.1 After how long will the water be flowing at the maximum rate? (3)
4.2 After how many seconds does the water stop flowing. (3)
A small business currently sells 40 watches per year. Each of the watches is sold at R144.
For each yearly price increase of R4 per watch, there is a drop in sales of one watch per
year.
6.1 How many watches are sold 𝑥 years from now? (1)
6.2 Determine the annual income from the sale of watches in terms of 𝑥. (3)
6.3 In what year and at what price should the watches be sold in order for the
[8]
A box is made from a rectangular pieces of cardboard, 100 cm by 40 cm, by cutting out the
shaded areas and folding along the dotted lines as shown in the diagram above.
7.2 Hence, prove that the volume of the box is given by 𝑉 = ℎ(50 − ℎ)(40 − 2ℎ) (3)
7.3 For which value of ℎ will the volume of the box be a maximum? (5)
[9]
the sphere and the cylinders are exactly the same. The height of each cylinder is ℎ. The
wooden spheres and cylinders are to be painted. (ignore the holes in the spheres and cylinders.)
8.3 Determine the value of 𝑟 so that the least amount of paint will be used. (4)
[9]
9.1 Show that the volume(V) of the box is given by 𝑉 = 45𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 3 . (2)
9.2 Determine the value of 𝑥 for which the box will have a maximum volume. (5)
[7]
base are 𝑥 metres and the height is ℎ metres. The block will be coated with one layer of
paint.
10.1.2 Calculate the dimensions of the block that will ensure that a
minimum quantity of paint will be used. (6)
10.2 A water tank in the shape of a right circular cone has a height of ℎ cm. The top
rim of the tank is a circle with radius of 𝑟 cm. The ratio of the height to the radius
is 5 : 2. Water is being pumped into the tank at a constant rate. Determine the rate
of change of the volume of water flowing into the tank when the depth is 5 cm. (6)
[16]
is ℎ cm when the radius is 𝑟 cm. The angle between the cone edge and the radius is 60°, as
shown in the diagram below.
11.2 Determine the derivative of the volume of water with respect to ℎ where ℎ is
[7]
12.2 Show that the surface area of the can is given by 𝐴(𝑟) = 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 680𝑟 −1 . (2)
12.3 Determine the radius of the can that will ensure that the surface area is a
minimum. (4)
[8]
13.3 Calculate the value of the height of the prism if its volume at maximum. (5)
[9]
14.1 The average vertical velocity of the ball during the first two seconds. (2)
14.2 The vertical velocity of the ball after 1,5 seconds. (3)
14.3 The time taken for the vertical velocity to be zero. (2)
14.4 The vertical velocity with which the ball hits the ground. (5)
[12]
A car speeds along a 1 kilometre track in 25 seconds. Its distance (in metres) from the start
15.1 Write down an expression for the speed (the rate of change of distance with
15.2 Determine the speed of the car when it crosses the finish line. (1)
15.3 Write down an expression for the acceleration (the rate of change of speed with
15.4 Hence, or otherwise, calculate the acceleration of the car after 5 seconds. (1)
15.5 Calculate the speed of the car when it is 250 metres down the track. (4)
[9]
A number of molecules of a certain drug in the bloodstream 𝑡 hours after it has been
16.1 Determine the number of molecules of the drug in the bloodstream 3 hours
16.2 Determine the rate at which the number of molecules of the drug in the
bloodstream is changing at axactly 2 hours after the drug was taken. (3)
16.3 How many hours after taking the drug will the rate at which the number of
[8]
18.1 Show that the volume(V) of the box is given by 𝑉 = 45𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 3 . (2)
18.2 Determine the value of 𝑥 for which the box will have a maximum volume. (5)
[7]
[6]
Benny sits at vantage point B(0 ; 30 and observes a car, P, travelling along the road.
Calculate the distance between Benny and the car, when the car is closest to Benny. [7]
to allow the flow of water to drain from the dam is given by the equation
1 1
𝐷(𝑡) = 28 − 𝑡 2 − 𝑡3.
9 27
21.1 Calculate the average rate of change in the depth of the water after the first
2 hours. (4)
21.2 Determine the rate at which the level of the water is decreasing after 16 hours. (4)
22.1 The length of the wire used to make the square is 𝑥 metres. Write down in
22.3 Determine the value of 𝑥 for which the sum of the areas is a maximum. (3)
[8]
rectangle. BQ = RC = 2𝑦 units.
[10]
ℎ(𝑡) = (𝑡 − 6)(−2𝑡 2 + 3𝑡 − 6), where ℎ is the height (in cm) above the floor and 𝑡
is the time(in minutes) since the insect started crawling.
24.1 At what height above the floor did the insect start to crawl? (1)
24.2 How many times did the insect reach the floor? (3)
24.3 Determine the maximum height that the insect reached above the floor. (4)
[8]