Physical Sciences: Paper Ii: Please Turn Over

NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
NOVEMBER 2020
PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PAPER II
Time: 3 hours 200 marks
PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY
1. This question paper consists of 16 pages, a yellow ANSWER SHEET of

2 pages (i–ii) and a green DATA SHEET of 3 pages (i–iii). Please make sure that
your question paper is complete.
2. Remove the DATA SHEET and ANSWER SHEET from the middle of this question
paper. Write your examination number on the yellow ANSWER SHEET.
3. Read the questions carefully.
4. ALL the questions must be answered.
5. Question 1 consists of 10 multiple-choice questions that must be answered on the

Answer Sheet on the inside cover of your Answer Book.
6. START EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE.
7. Please ensure that you number your answers as the questions are numbered.
8. Unless instructed otherwise, you do NOT have to give state symbols (phase
indicators) when asked to write a balanced chemical equation.
9. Use the data and formulae whenever necessary.
10. Show all the necessary steps in calculations.
11. Where appropriate, take your answers to two decimal places.
12. It is in your own interest to write legibly and to present your work neatly.
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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE: PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PAPER II Page 2 of 16
QUESTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE
Answer these questions on the Answer Sheet on the inside of the front
cover of your Answer Book. Make a cross (X) in the box corresponding to
the letter of the option that you consider to be correct. Every question has
only one correct answer.
A B C D Here the answer C has been marked.
1.1 Identify the predominant intermolecular force in pure, solid CaCℓ2.
A London forces
B Dipole-dipole interactions
C Hydrogen bonds
D Ionic bonds
1.2 Which one of the following contains non-polar covalent bonds?
A HBr
B CH4
C SI2
D SO2
1.3 The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curve for a reaction mixture is shown

below.
No. of particles
EK
The TEMPERATURE of the reaction mixture is now DECREASED. Which

one of the following shows the new distribution curve as a dotted line?
A B
No. of particles
No. of particles
EK EK
C D
No. of particles
No. of particles
EK EK
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1.4 Which one of the options below is the best description of reaction rate for
the following reaction?
Zn(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → ZnCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)
The reaction rate is …
A the time it takes to use up all of the reactants.

B the decrease in concentration of the Zn per unit time.
C the time it takes for one of the reactants to be used up.
D the increase in concentration of the ZnCℓ2 per unit time.
1.5 Consider the following concentration versus time graph for the reaction
shown below.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH > 0

Concentration (mol·dm−3)
CH3OH
H2
CO
t1 t2
Time
Which one of the following combinations correctly identifies the changes

made at times t1 and t2?
Time t1 Time t2
A Increase in pressure Decrease in temperature
B Increase in pressure Increase in temperature
C Addition of CH3OH Increase in temperature
D Addition of CH3OH Decrease in temperature

1.6 Consider the reaction rate versus time graph for the following reaction.
H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ HCO3− + H3O+
Rate Forward
Reverse
Time
t1
At t1 there was a TEMPERATURE change. Which one of the following

combinations is true for the FORWARD reaction and the pH change that
occurs after time t1?
FORWARD reaction pH change after time t1

A Exothermic Increases
B Exothermic Decreases
C Endothermic Increases
D Endothermic Decreases
1.7 Which one of the following is true for an ACIDIC solution at 25 °C?
A [H3O+ ] > [OH− ]

B [OH− ] = zero
C Kw < 10−14
D pH > 7
1.8 In the chlor-alkali industry, in which one of the following cells is a sodium
amalgam produced?
A The membrane cell

B The diaphragm cell
C The mercury cell
D The Hall–Héroult cell

1.9 Consider the galvanic cell represented in the cell notation below:
Ni(s) | Ni(NO3)2(aq) || AgNO3(aq) | Ag(s)
The salt bridge contains a solution of potassium nitrate. The diagram below
shows a representation of one end of the salt bridge in the electrolyte
solution.
salt
bridge
electrolyte
solution
Which one of the following diagrams correctly represents the movement of

ions between the salt bridge and electrolyte solution in the OXIDATION
half-cell?
A B
NO3− K+ NO3− K+
C D
NO3− Ag+ Ni2+ NO3−
1.10 Which one of the following combinations of reactants is most likely to

produce ethyl propanoate?
Reactant 1 Reactant 2
A ethanol propane
B propanol ethene
C ethanol propanoic acid
D propanol ethanoic acid
[20]

QUESTION 2
Vitesh works at a chemical company and has been asked to design an industrial
process to produce sulfuric acid.
2.1 One of the reactions in the production of sulfuric acid is the roasting
(heating in oxygen) of a metal ore that contains lead(II) sulfide:
2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)
Vitesh does a test experiment in which 36,8 g of O2 gas completely reacts

with 800 g of the metal ore. All of the PbS in the ore reacts, and ONLY the
PbS in the ore reacts with the oxygen.
2.1.1 Define molar mass. (2)
2.1.2 Calculate the amount (in moles) of O2 that reacted. (3)
2.1.3 Calculate the mass of pure PbS in the metal ore. (3)
2.1.4 Hence, calculate the mass percentage of the PbS in the metal ore. (2)
2.2 In another test experiment, Vitesh reacts 50 g of sulfur trioxide with water:
SO3(g) + H2O(ℓ) → H2SO4(ℓ)
The amount of sulfur trioxide present in the container is monitored over time
until the reaction is complete.
He plots the following graph:
50
Mass of
SO3 (g)
15
Time
Mandy says that Vitesh cannot use the SO3 to determine the amount of
sulfuric acid produced because the SO3 is not the limiting reagent.
Evaluate Mandy's statement. (3)

[13]

QUESTION 3
The reaction of nickel metal with hydrochloric acid is represented below.
Ni(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → NiCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)
3.1 Which TWO conditions have to be met for an effective collision to occur
between colliding reactant particles? (2)
3.2 Use the collision theory to explain how an increase in the concentration of
HCℓ would affect the rate of this reaction. (4)
3.3 A catalyst is now added to the reaction mixture.
3.3.1 Define activated complex. (2)
3.3.2 How is the stability of the activated complex affected by the

catalyst? (1)
3.3.3 An unlabelled energy profile for the uncatalysed reaction has been
provided on your ANSWER SHEET. Complete the graph by adding
the following:
• the x-axis label
• the y-axis label
• a dotted line to show the reaction profile for the catalysed
reaction. (3)
In an experiment, Kristen collects the hydrogen gas by the downward

displacement of water. The setup is shown below.
measuring
cylinder hydrogen
gas
trough of
water beehive shelf
reaction
mixture
Kristen measures the volume of gas produced over time in two experiments,
Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.
In both experiments, Kristen uses the same mass and state of nickel; the acid is
the limiting reagent and the nickel is completely covered by the acid solution.

The reaction conditions for each experiment are tabulated below.
Volume of HCℓ Concentration of HCℓ Temperature

Experiment
(dm3) (mol·dm−3) (°C)
1 0,4 0,04 50
2 0,6 0,04 40
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nickel with hydrochloric acid is
repeated here:
Ni(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → NiCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)
Kristen plots a graph of volume of hydrogen gas produced versus time for
Experiment 1, which is shown below.
Volume of H2 gas (cm3)
Experiment 1
0 16 32 48 64
Time (min)
3.4 The average rate of formation of H2, as shown on the graph for
Experiment 1, is 12 cm3·min−1.
3.4.1 Determine the TOTAL volume of hydrogen gas collected. (3)
3.4.2 Determine the percentage yield of hydrogen for Experiment 1.

Take the molar volume of the gas at 50 °C to be 26 490 cm3·mol−1. (7)
3.4.3 The graph for Experiment 1 is provided on your ANSWER SHEET.

On these same axes, draw the graph for Experiment 2. Assume
this reaction goes to completion within the 64 minutes shown. (2)
[24]

QUESTION 4
4.1 Nitrosyl chloride is a yellow gas that decomposes into colourless nitrogen
monoxide gas and green chlorine gas at temperatures above 100 °C.
2NOCℓ(g) ⇌ 2NO(g) + Cℓ2(g)
Consider an equilibrium mixture of NOCℓ, NO, and Cℓ2, which is initially

yellow–green, in a sealed container.
4.1.1 Define closed system. (2)
4.1.2 NO(g) is added to the container at constant volume.
(a) What colour change will be observed in the container after

some time? (1)
(b) Explain this effect of adding NO(g) with reference to the

RELATIVE RATES of the forward and reverse reactions. (4)
4.1.3 State Le Châtelier's principle. (2)
4.1.4 When the pressure in the container is changed, the colour becomes
green. Use Le Châtelier's principle to explain whether the pressure
was increased or decreased. (4)
4.1.5 Nitrogen monoxide has dipole-dipole interactions. Explain the origin

of these dipole-dipole interactions. (3)
4.2 Graphite reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide in the
Boudouard reaction:
C(s) + CO2(g) ⇌ 2CO(g)
36 g of graphite were mixed with 66 g of carbon dioxide in a 400 cm3

container and the container was then sealed at a particular temperature. At
equilibrium, it was noted that 2 mol of graphite remained.
Determine the equilibrium constant at this temperature. (8)
4.3 CO2 has a boiling point of −78 °C, whereas Cℓ2 has a boiling point of
−34 °C. Given that both CO2 and Cℓ2 are nonpolar molecules with the same
type of intermolecular forces, fully account for this difference in boiling point. (5)
[29]

QUESTION 5
5.1 Tendai prepares 0,6 dm3 of a 0,25 mol·dm−3 standard solution of potassium
hydroxide to titrate against a solution of hydrofluoric acid of unknown
concentration. The reaction is represented by the following:
HF(aq) + KOH(aq) → KF(aq) + H2O(ℓ)
5.1.1 Define standard solution. (1)
5.1.2 Calculate the mass of pure potassium hydroxide needed to prepare

the standard solution. (4)
5.1.3 Solid KOH is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs water from the

atmosphere. How will this affect the ACTUAL concentration of the
potassium hydroxide if the mass that you calculated in
Question 5.1.2 is used? State only INCREASE, DECREASE, or
REMAIN THE SAME. (2)
5.1.4 At some stage during the titration, the concentration of KOH in the
flask was found to be 6,5 × 10−3 mol·dm−3. Calculate the concentration
of hydronium ions at this stage, if the temperature was 25 °C. (3)
5.1.5 Tendai chose phenolphthalein as the indicator for this titration.

Phenolphthalein changes colour at a pH of approximately 9. Write
the equation for the hydrolysis of the F− ion, and briefly explain why
this choice of indicator was suitable. (3)
5.2 Consider the following bases, together with their Kb values.
Ammonia, NH3 Kb = 1,8 × 10−5

Pyridine, C5H5N Kb = 1,8 × 10−9
Carbonate, CO32− Kb = 2,1 ×10−4
5.2.1 Of the three bases listed, which one is the strongest? (1)
5.2.2 Define a base in terms of the Lowry–Brønsted model. (1)
5.2.3 Define a weak base. (2)
5.2.4 Write a balanced chemical equation for the ionisation of ammonia in

water. (3)
[20]

QUESTION 6
Ufezile sets up the galvanic cell shown below, using a gold half-cell and a half-cell
of unknown identity, X, under standard conditions.
Ufezile notes that solid gold metal deposits on the gold electrode.
X Au
X2+(aq) Au3+ (aq)
6.1 Define electrolyte. (2)
6.2 Write the FORMULA of a suitable electrolyte that could be used in the Au
half-cell solution. (2)
6.3 Which electrode, X or Au, is the anode? (1)
6.4 Write an equation for the reduction half-reaction. (2)
6.5 The initial reading of the voltmeter is 1,82 V.
6.5.1 Perform a calculation to determine the identity of X. (4)
6.5.2 Despite the large emf, it is not profitable to produce this cell for use
in a commercial battery. Suggest ONE reason for this. (1)
6.6 Ufezile wants to use a standard hydrogen electrode to determine the

standard electrode potential of the Au | Au3+ half-cell.
6.6.1 Describe the standard hydrogen electrode and briefly explain its
role as the reference electrode. (4)
6.6.2 Write the cell notation for the cell that Ufezile would use to
determine the standard electrode potential for the gold half-cell.
Include phase indicators. (4)
[20]

QUESTION 7
Consider the two electrolytic cells, Cell A and Cell B, shown in the diagrams
below. Electrodes P, Q, and R are made of graphite, and electrode S is made of
copper.
The electrolyte in Cell A is MOLTEN copper(II) chloride, and the electrolyte in Cell
B is concentrated AQUEOUS copper(II) chloride solution. The CuCℓ2 solution is
BLUE.
Cell A Cell B
power power
source source
+ − + −
P Q R S
CuCℓ2(ℓ) CuCℓ2(aq)
7.1 One of the reasons graphite is a suitable material for the electrodes in
Cell A is that it has a very high melting point.
7.1.1 Why is it important for graphite to have a high melting point in

Cell A? (1)
7.1.2 Provide TWO other reasons why graphite is a suitable material for
the electrodes in Cell A. (2)
7.2 What energy conversion occurs in an electrolytic cell? (2)
7.3 Briefly explain why the copper(II) chloride must be in either molten or
aqueous state. (2)
7.4 Consider Cell A.
7.4.1 Identify the cathode in Cell A. Write down only P or Q. (1)
7.4.2 Write an equation for the half-reaction occurring at electrode P. (2)
7.4.3 Write an equation for the half-reaction occurring at electrode Q. (2)
7.4.4 Identify the reducing agent in Cell A. (1)

7.5 What observation(s) will be made in the electrolyte solution around

electrode S during the operation of Cell B after a significant amount of time
has passed? Give a half-reaction to support your answer. (3)
7.6 At which electrodes will a gain in mass be observed? (2)
7.7 Andrew suggests a little concentrated sulfuric acid be added to the

electrolyte solution in Cell B to improve conductivity.
7.7.1 What effect would a higher conductivity have in Cell B? (1)
7.7.2 Define ionisation. (2)
7.7.3 Explain why this addition of sulfuric acid would improve the
conductivity of the solution. (2)
7.7.4 If too much sulfuric acid is added, HCℓ gas will be produced and
escape from the solution:
H2SO4 + Cℓ− → HSO4− + HCℓ(g)
How would this affect the likelihood of water being oxidised at

electrode R? State only INCREASE, DECREASE, or NO EFFECT. (2)
[25]

QUESTION 8
In order to investigate the relationship between the molecular mass of various

fluoroalkanes and their boiling point, Jerome collects the data shown in the table
below.
Haloalkane Molecular mass (u) Boiling point (°C)

CH3F 34 −78
C2H5F 48 −38
C4H9F 76 33
C5H11F 90 63
8.1 Identify the predominant intermolecular force in CH3F. (1)
8.2 Is fluorobutane a GAS or a LIQUID at room temperature (25 °C)? (1)
8.3 Plot a graph of boiling point versus molecular mass for the given data on
the axes provided on your ANSWER SHEET. Draw a straight line of best
fit. (6)
8.4 Jerome wants to use the data he collected to determine the boiling point of
C3H7F. USE THE GRAPH that you drew in Question 8.3 to determine the
boiling point of C3H7F. Indicate clearly on your graph how you arrived at
your answer. (2)
8.5 Jerome now wants to use the graph from Question 8.3 to predict the boiling
point of chloromethane, CH3Cℓ.
8.5.1 Can Jerome use this graph (from Question 8.3) to accurately
determine the boiling point of chloromethane? (1)
8.5.2 Briefly explain your answer. (2)
8.6 8.6.1 Define structural isomers. (2)
8.6.2 Draw the structural formulae for TWO structural isomers of C3H7F. (3)
8.6.3 Identify the TYPE of structural isomers you have drawn. (1)
[19]

QUESTION 9
9.1 Write the IUPAC names for the following compounds.
9.1.1 H
H C H
H C H H H
H C C C H
H H H H
H C C C F
H H F (4)
9.1.2 H
H H H O H
H C C C C C H
H H O H H
H (3)
9.1.3 CH3(CH2)4COOCH3 (2)
9.2 Use molecular formulae to write a balanced chemical equation for the
complete combustion of propene. (4)
9.3 Use condensed-structural formulae to write a balanced chemical equation

for the reaction between butane and bromine in the presence of UV light. (4)
PLEASE TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 9.4

9.4 Consider the three organic reactions, A, B and C, shown below:
A: CH3CH2Cℓ + KOH → X + KCℓ
B: CH2CH2 + HCℓ → Y
C: C12H26 → C9H20 + Z
9.4.1 Identify the GENERAL TYPE of reaction for A. (1)
9.4.2 Write the molecular formula for product X. (2)
9.4.3 Identify the SPECIFIC TYPE of reaction for B. (1)
9.4.4 Draw the structural formula for product Y. (2)
9.4.5 Identify the SPECIFIC TYPE of reaction for C. (1)
9.4.6 Define hydrocarbon. (2)
9.4.7 Identify the homologous series to which product Z belongs. (2)
9.4.8 What is the commercial significance of reaction C? Explain briefly. (2)

[30]
Total: 200 marks

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NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

PHYSICAL SCIENCES: PAPER II

Time: 3 hours 200 marks

PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. This question paper consists of 16 pages, a yellow ANSWER SHEET of

3. Read the questions carefully.

4. ALL the questions must be answered.

5. Question 1 consists of 10 multiple-choice questions that must be answered on the

6. START EACH QUESTION ON A NEW PAGE.

9. Use the data and formulae whenever necessary.

10. Show all the necessary steps in calculations.

11. Where appropriate, take your answers to two decimal places.

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QUESTION 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE

A B C D Here the answer C has been marked.

1.1 Identify the predominant intermolecular force in pure, solid CaCℓ2.

1.2 Which one of the following contains non-polar covalent bonds?

1.3 The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curve for a reaction mixture is shown

The TEMPERATURE of the reaction mixture is now DECREASED. Which

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Zn(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → ZnCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)

The reaction rate is …

A the time it takes to use up all of the reactants.

CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) ΔH > 0

Which one of the following combinations correctly identifies the changes

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H2CO3 + H2O ⇌ HCO3− + H3O+

At t1 there was a TEMPERATURE change. Which one of the following

FORWARD reaction pH change after time t1

A [H3O+ ] > [OH− ]

A The membrane cell

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Ni(s) | Ni(NO3)2(aq) || AgNO3(aq) | Ag(s)

Which one of the following diagrams correctly represents the movement of

NO3− Ag+ Ni2+ NO3−

1.10 Which one of the following combinations of reactants is most likely to

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2PbS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2PbO(s) + 2SO2(g)

Vitesh does a test experiment in which 36,8 g of O2 gas completely reacts

2.1.1 Define molar mass. (2)

2.1.2 Calculate the amount (in moles) of O2 that reacted. (3)

SO3(g) + H2O(ℓ) → H2SO4(ℓ)

He plots the following graph:

Evaluate Mandy's statement. (3)

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The reaction of nickel metal with hydrochloric acid is represented below.

Ni(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → NiCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)

3.3 A catalyst is now added to the reaction mixture.

3.3.1 Define activated complex. (2)

3.3.2 How is the stability of the activated complex affected by the

In an experiment, Kristen collects the hydrogen gas by the downward

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The reaction conditions for each experiment are tabulated below.

Volume of HCℓ Concentration of HCℓ Temperature

Ni(s) + 2HCℓ(aq) → NiCℓ2(aq) + H2(g)

3.4.1 Determine the TOTAL volume of hydrogen gas collected. (3)

3.4.2 Determine the percentage yield of hydrogen for Experiment 1.

3.4.3 The graph for Experiment 1 is provided on your ANSWER SHEET.

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