Q1

a)

In a certain game of gambling a player tosses a fair coin; if it falls head he wins GH¢100.00 and if it
falls tail he loses GH¢100.00. A player with GH¢800.00 tosses the coin six times. What is the probability
that he will be left with GH¢600.00?
Q1

b)
Suppose the ages of children in a particular school have a normal distribution. It is found that
15% of the children are less than 12 years of age and 40% are more than 16.2 years of age.
Determine the values of the mean and standard deviation of the distribution of the population.
(13 MARKSs)
Q2
At a police range, it is observed that the number of times, X, that a recruit misses a target before
getting the first direct hit is a random variable. The probability of missing the target at each
trial is 13 and the results of different trials are independent.
a) Obtain the distribution of X. (10 MARKS)
b) A recruit is rated poor, if he shoots at least four times before the first direct hit. What is the
probability that a recruit picked at random will be rated poor?
(15 MARKS)

solutions

a) Let X be the random variable denoting the number of times the target was missee,
before being missed for the first time.

Probability of missing a target is 1/3.

So, probability of hitting a target is 2/3.

P(X = 0) = 2/3

P(X = 1) = 1/3 * 2/3

P(X = 2) = (1/3)2 * 2/3

So, the probability distribution would be,

P(X = n) = (1/3)n * 2/3

b) Probability that the recruit is rated poor is,

= Probability of not hitting the target in the first 4 attempts

= 1/3 * 1/3 * 1/3 * 1/3

= 1/81
Q3
A sample of 10 men was used in a study to test the effects of a relaxant on the time
required to fall asleep for male adults. Data for 10 subjects showing the number of
minutes required to fall asleep with and without the relaxant are shown in Table 1.
Use 5% level of significance to determine whether the relaxant reduces the time
required to fall asleep. Using the appropriate nonparametric method, what is your
conclusion?

Table 1
Subject Without Relaxant With Relaxant
1 15 10
2 12 10
3 22 12
4 8 11
5 10 9
6 7 5
7 8 10
8 10 7
9 14 11
10 9 6
 Solutions

As we are considering the 10 pairs of values, the sample size n=10.

Here, the data is matched pairs, as the data of number of minutes required to fall asleep
are considered with and without use of the relaxant. As we know that Wilcoxon signed-
rank test is used to test the equality of medians for matched sample pairs.

To test the hypothesis, null and alternative hypothesis are defined as follows:

Relaxant do not reduce the median time required to fall asleep.

Relaxant reduces the median time required to fall asleep.

To perform the test, we need to use the following steps:

We need to calculate the differences.

We need to calculate the absolute differences.

Give ranks by neglecting the zero differences.

Consider the sum of positive signed ranks as .

Calculate the sampling distribution of signed-rank test.

Calculate the p-value, approximating as normal distribution using continuous

If p-value is greater than the level of significance than accept the null hypothesis
otherwise reject the null hypothesis.

The statistic can be approximated to normal distribution, because the size of the sample is greater
than 10 as we are considering the 10 sample observations.

The sampling distribution of the test static is having the mean and standard deviations as folllows:

Mean:
Standard deviation:

As the value of the test statistic is approximated by the normal distribution, use the correction factor
as45instead of 45.5.

Compute the p-value using the normal distribution as follows:

As the value of the test statistic is approximated by the normal distribution, use the correction factor
as45instead of 45.5.

Compute the p-value using the normal distribution as follows:

The normal distribution approximation for the of the p-value for the test is shown as follows:
That is, as the is less than the level of significance 0.05, we reject the null
hypothesis.

Therefore, data provides sufficient evidence to conclude that relaxant reduces the median time required
to fall asleep.

Therefore, we can conclude that use of relaxant is useful in reducing the time taken to fall asleep.

Q4
The data in Table 2 represents the scores on a mathematics placement test and
the final averages in a mathematics course for a random sample of elven
students. Test whether the placement test can be used to help predict whether
students will perform well in mathematics at 0.01 level of significance.
Table 2
Student Placement Test Score Final Average in Mathematics
1 51 75
2 52 72
3 59 82
4 45 67
5 61 75
6 54 79
7 56 78
8 67 82
9 63 87
10 53 72
11 60 96
Solutions
Q5
In an experiment to determine which of three different missile systems is preferable, the
propellant burning rate was measured. The data, after coding, are given in Table 3. Use the
Kruskal-Wallis test and a significance level of α = 0.05 to test the hypothesis that the propellant
burning rates are the same for the three missile systems.

Table 3
Missile system
1 2 3
24.0 23.2 18.4
18.7 19.8 19.1
22.8 18.1 17.3
19.8 17.6 17.3
19.9 20.2 19.7
17.8 18.9
18.8
19.3

25 MARKS

Solutions