Wednesday, 1 /11/ 2023 Mathematics Department

Worksheet 3
Grade 10 - IB
Functions
Name: _____________ Teacher: Kamal Banat

WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
A relation between variables x and y is any set of points in the (x, y) plane. We say that the points connect the
two variables.
A function is a relation in which no two
different ordered pairs have the same x-
coordinate or first component.
TESTING FOR FUNCTIONS
The vertical line test
A relation is a function if any vertical line
drawn will not intersect the graph more
than once. This is called the vertical line
test
Dependent and independent
variables
In functions, the x-variable is known as
the input or independent variable, because
its value can be chosen freely. The
calculated y-variable is known as the
output or dependent variable, because its
value depends on the chosen input value.
Question 1

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Question 2
Which of the following relations are functions

DOMAIN AND RANGE

The domain of a relation is the set of possible values that x may have.
The range of a relation is the set of possible values that y may have.
The domain and range of a relation are often described using interval notation

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INTERVAL NOTATION
Interval notation is a way of writing subsets of the real number line.
[ ] a square bracket when we want to include the end value, or
( ) a round bracket when we don't
Number line Set notation Interval notation
{x | −3 ≤ x ≤ 1} [−3, 1]
{x | −3 < x < 1}. (−3, 1)
{x | −3  x < 1} [−2, 4)
[−4,−2] ∪ (−1, 1) ∪ (1, 2]∪{4}

Question 3

Question 4

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2 For each of the following graphs, find the domain and range:

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

Range:

Domain:

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 Range:

Domain:

Range:

Functional notation
When writing an expression for a function, there are several different notations.
For example,
■ f(x) = 2x + 3,
■ g(x) = x2,
■ f : → x3 + 5 . These are all called functional notation.
f(x), said as “f of x”, represents a function f with independent
variable x.
Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10
If the value of a car t years after purchase is given by 𝑉(𝑡) = 28 000 − 4000𝑡 dollars:
a find 𝑉(4) and state what this value means
b find t when 𝑉(𝑡)= 8000 and explain what this represents
c find the original purchase price of the car.
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THE DOMAIN OF A FUNCTION

Question 11

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Investigation

Let’s look at the graphs of functions of continuous data.

1 Look at the left-hand side of the graph. What is the smallest
x-value?..........................................
2 Look at the right-hand side of the graph. What is the largest
x-value?..........................................
These values form the domain.
3 Write the domain of this function as both an inequality and in
interval notation. .........................................................
4 Look at bottom of the graph. What is the smallest y-value? .............................................
5 Look at the top of the graph. What is the largest y-value? ................................................
These values form the range.
6 Write the range of this function as both an inequality and in interval notation.............................................
7 How does a graph help you find the domain and range?
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To find the domain of a function, we need to consider what values of the variable make the function
undefined. For example, notice that for:

In general
1. Denominators cannot equal 0.
2. Radicands (expressions under a radical symbol) of even roots (square roots, etc) cannot have a negative
value.
3. In word problems physical or other real-life restrictions might be imposed, e.g. time is nonnegative,
number of items is a nonnegative integer, etc.

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Question 12
Find the domain of the following:

1
g 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥

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 𝑥
h 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥−3)

𝑥
i 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥+3)

𝑥
i 𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+3)

j 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 9

k 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 4

1
i 𝑓(𝑥) =
√𝑥 2 −4

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Composite functions
The composition of the function f with the function g is written as f (g(x)), which is read as ‘f of g of x’,
or (f ∘ g)(x), which is read as ‘f composed with g of x’

Question 13

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Question 14

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Question 15

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Question 16
Using the graph of two functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) find

a) 𝑓(𝑔(2)) b) (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(−1) c) 𝑔(𝑔(0))

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Question 17

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Decomposition of Functions
Question 18
Write each function h as the composition of two functions f and g such that h(x) = (f o g)(x)

h(x) Outside f(x) Inside g(x)

(1 – x)3

√9 − 𝑥

4
(5𝑥 2 + 2)2

(𝑥 + 2)2 + 2(𝑥 + 2) + 1

Inverse functions
Mapping diagrams
We can write the function f(x) = 4x – 3 using a mapping diagram showing the operations:

To find the inverse of f(x) = 4x – 3, we can start with x and perform the inverse operations in reverse order.

𝑥+3
And so for f(x) = 4x – 3, f –1(x) =
4
≫The inverse of a function f(x) is denoted 𝑓 −1 (x). It reverses the action of that function, so (f ∘ 𝑓 −1)(x) = x
In order for a function to have an inverse function, it must be a one-to-one function. This means it will have
one value of y for every value of x, and one value of x for every value of y. A one-to-one function will pass
both the vertical line test and the horizontal line test.
≫ The horizontal line test
You can use the horizontal line test to identity inverse functions.
If a horizontal line crosses the graph of a function more than once, there is no inverse function.

≫ Two functions, f(x) and g(x) are inverses if and only if: (f ∘ 𝑔)(x) = (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(x) = x

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Question 19

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THE GRAPHS OF INVERSE FUNCTIONS
The graph of the inverse of a function is a reflection of that function in the line y = x
Here are some examples of functions and their inverse functions.
If (x, y) lies on the line f (x), then (y, x) lies on f −1(x). Reflecting the function in the line y = x ‘swaps’ x and y,
so the point (1, 3) reflected in the line y = x becomes point (3, 1).

In general (x, y) → (y, x)

Domain and range of inverse functions

Example: Find the inverse function of f(x) = x2 + 2, x ≥ 0, if it exists. State its domain and range.

Domain and range of the inverse function come from the range, and domain of the original function,
respectively. It’s called the swapping of domain and range.

⦿ The inverse function f –1 is a new function such that f(x) = y ↔ f –1 (y) = x.

⦿ The inverse function of f –1 is f itself. That is (f –1)–1 = f

⦿ The domain of f becomes range of f –1 and vice-versa: D f –1 = Rf and R f –1 = Df

⦿ (f –1 ∘ f)(x) = x = (f ∘ f –1)(x) (identity function)

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Question 20
Draw the graph of each inverse function:

(0, 1) →
A(-4, 1) → B(-3, 2) →
(1, 2) →
E(0, 0) → F(2, 4) →
(2, 4) →
G(4, 5) → H(5, 5) →

(0, 1) →
(0, 2) →
(1, 2) →
(-2, -2) →
(4, 3) →

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Question 21

a) ................................................... b) ................................................... c) .....................................................

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Question 22

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THE MODULUS FUNCTION

The modulus or absolute value of a real number is its size, ignoring its sign.
We denote the modulus of x by |x|
For example, the modulus or absolute value of 7 is 7, and the modulus or absolute value of ‒7 is also 7.
GEOMETRIC DEFINITION OF MODULUS

ALGEBRAIC DEFINITION OF MODULUS

Question 23

Note: Perform all operations inside the modulus signs before actually finding the modulus.
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Question 24
Draw the graph of the following functions

𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 − 2|

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𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 2| 𝑓(𝑥) = |2𝑥 − 2|

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 Exam-Style Questions

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