Journal of Law & Social Studies 2021

Journal of Law & Social Studies (JLSS)

Volume 3, Issue 2, pp 124-132
www.advancelrf.org

Justice Delayed or Denied: The Myth of Justice in Pakistan

Dr. Muhammad Bilal

LLM (UK) PhD (UK)
Assistant Professor, Gillani Law College,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]

Farqaleet Khokhar
Super Senior, LLB (Hons)
Gillani Law College,
Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: [email protected]

Abstract
Justice in Pakistan has become a myth and an unachievable tool. In Pakistan only the concept of delayed justice exists
as the delayed justice which actually is a denied justice. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the factor causing
delay in justice. There are several reasons for delayed justice including complex procedures, old and ineffective laws,
attitude of judges and lawyers, and the backlog of the pending cases in the superior as well as lower judiciary of
Pakistan. The article highlights the significant causes of delayed justice and elucidates how justice can be revived in
Pakistan. The study investigates how the stock of pending cases is increasing day by day causing denial of justice.
This article also discusses the impacts of delayed justice on society and especially on litigants. In the end this article
deliberates some recommendations for revival of justice in Pakistan.
Keywords: Delayed Justice, Hurried Justice, Backlog of pending cases, psychological impacts, Revival of Justice.

Introduction
Justice has a significant importance in the life of an individual and justice is an essence of the civilized society. But
delayed justice causes anarchy in society. The “Judiciary of Pakistan” has trend of denial of justice by delaying it so
due to such attitude the society plunges into the radicalism, terrorism and sectarian conflicts. Delayed justice has social
impact as well as it also has psychological impact on the litigant. Judiciary became no more hope for the people and
due to delayed justice, the trust of people on court had been lost. This paper analytically investigates the causes of
delaying justice in Pakistan. For that the research at first instance discusses the demand of justice for society, the
importance of justice and the concept of justice to highlight the gravity of delayed justice and to ensure that the delayed
justice is the denial of justice. This paper scrutinizes that corruption and transfer of judges, unreasonable and maxim
adjournments, complex procedural technicalities, judicial delays and intricacy of old laws has become the main factor
of delayed justice. The stock of pending cases increasing day by day makes the delayed justice evident up to the extent
of denial of justice.

This research piece examines that Pakistan Judiciary has been failed to provide the expeditious justice due to that the
dissatisfaction of people towards the judicial system of Pakistan has been increased and it is fact the delayed justice
is impacting the life of litigant and due to delayed justice litigant suffers financial, mental and psychological trauma.
In the end this research snippet describes how justice can be revived in Pakistan and which measures and obligations

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should be followed to overcome the problem of delayed justice in Pakistan and how the infrastructure and judicial
system of Pakistan can be enhanced and upgraded. The paper culminates into a reasonable conclusion.

Literature Review
In Pakistan justice is delayed due to several reasons including judicial and procedural delays. The criminal and civil
suits in Pakistan are governed in the light of “Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898” (Cr.P.C) and “Code of Civil
Procedure, 1908” (C.P.C.) in both codes there is detail of the legal framework but actually such legal framework is
slow and complex due to which the justice is delayed not only justice is delayed but the money, time as well as the
talent is wasted (Chowdhury, 2004). Justice is the basic fundamental right of each Pakistani because the “Constitution
of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973” under Article 37(d) ensures the speedy justice to the Pakistani (Sherwani,
2006). Easy and expedient resolution of the conflict can be done by the general and swift laws because irrational and
complex laws cause delay and interrupt the interest of parties to the cases (C. R. van Rhee, 2020).
According to the research of “F.S.Khan,” Pakistani courts require the continuous visits of the suit's parties and
normally for decision of any conflict a defendant makes 72 visits to the courts and a decision of case costs nearly 0.2
to 0.3 million upon such party. Continuous visits to courts not only cause the financial crisis but it can also have
psychological impact on the suit’s parties.
Judges are the backbone of the judiciary and in Pakistan the no professional attitude. Judges perform their function
only for salary but not for justice (Sherwani, 2006). Due to such behavior the backlog of the pending cases is increasing
day by day and denying justice. A report “Study of informal justice system in Pakistan” estimated that Pakistani courts
need “15 years” to try the backlog of pending cases and there will be a condition that in those “15 years” no new case
should be instituted in the courts. Normally Pakistani courts take “25 years” to decide a case and “5 years” more to
execute the decree (Khan, 2004). Due to such behavior of courts the cases are accruing day by day. In January 2021
the numbers of pending cases were “2162042” (Statement of cases Pending, January 2021). But according
to “Consolidate statement of pending cases, pendency, institution and disposal of cases during the period August
2021” the Pakistani Judiciary has a backlog of “2,177,527” cases in August So from January to August 15485 cases
added to the stock of pending cases. The cases are accumulating day by day consequently, delaying and denying
justice.

For expeditious justice Pakistani judicial system needs reforms to insure the rule of law. The Pakistani judicial system
must update the old complex laws (Salauddin, 2016). The number of courts and judges should be increased (Pratiksha
Baxi, 2008). Budget of the Pakistani courts must be increased (Nasir, I, 2018). The Pakistani Judicial system must
introduce advanced technology (Malik, A, 2019) for revival of expeditious justice in Pakistan.
Justice as a Challenging Demand
The foundation of a civilized society is always rooted in justice. Justice distinguishes the rights as well as
responsibilities of the citizenry. (Rawls, 1999) In old times, “reasonable conduct and morality” was recognized as
justice. In “Roman laws” justice was referred to as the “natural or positive law”. “Aristotle” in “Book V”
of “Nicomachean Ethics” states that justice is a genus of disposition that insists any humankind to act judiciously and
justly. So, justice is the foremost character of an individual that not only is appreciated by humans but is also admired
by the whole society. It is also admitted that the whole society admits the administration of justice not only in their
individual life but also in their communal life.

The coordination and coherence, reconciliation, safety and decent governance in the society are ensured by
justice. In Sardar Attique ur Rehman v The State and ors, Peshawar High Court of Pakistan stated
that “Justice should not only be done but should be manifestly seen to be done.” Further in Ishtiaq Ahmed v Hon'ble
Competent Authority through Registrar, SCP stated that in constitutional democracy justice is the fundamental
requisite of rule of law. Court further stated that justice is the benchmark of a cultured society. The court further
conceded that the “fair trial, justice and due process” are the basic inherent right of a man (2016 SCMR 943). The
decree of the court was embellished with the social norms although norms in words look motivational but when it
comes to implementation it becomes difficult to achieve them and sustain the existence of such norms in society.
Justice is a benchmark but how it is sustained and attained in a society is a bit challenging.

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In case Suo Motu Case No. 4 of 2010, Court sarcastically referred to a piece of “Khalil Gebran” and criticized the
nation which lacks the justice or expeditious justice or demands partial justice. Court stated that “Pity the nation that
demands justice for all…. but is agitated when justice hurts its political loyalty.”’ Pity the nation that clamors
for equality before law…. but has selective justice close to its heart.” (PLD 2012 SC 553)

Here's a question that arises in a layman's mind: which class of nation has been criticized as the whole nation demands
and clamors for justice and equity before law and nation never felt anxiety when a political loyalty is hurt. It has
always been the courts that give decisions. These decisions could have an element of partial and impartial justice then
how selective justice is close to the heart of the nation. The unjust, biased, extra constitutional, less advantageous, less
rationally, less moral and foremost of all delayed decisions are made by the institutions that work for the
implementation of justice, not by the nation.

There are many cases in the “Judicial and Constitutional History of Pakistan” in which so called justice had been done
by courts and such partial justice has been badly criticized and such cases are strain on judicial history of Pakistan
case like “Federation of Pakistan v Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan (PLD 1955 F.C. 240), Nusrat Bhutto v Chief of Army
Staff (PLD 1977 S.C. 657) and Zafar Ali Shah v General Pervaiz Musharraf (PLD 2000 S.C. 869)” and many more.

Delayed Justice

“Dispensation of justice” is the prime essence of a civilized community. Speedy Justice and swift disposal of the
conflicts and redressal of grievances of accused are the paramount elements of an effective administration of justice.
(2021 YLR 1415) It is the duty of the court to hear the case with full ears and patience and not make an excuse for
delaying the trial on the grounds that court has rush of work. The court must perform the divine duty of accessing
speedy justice to the people. (PLD 2020 Sindh 68) In MFMY Industries Ltd. v. Federation of Pakistan, Court
stated that

“Court cannot, legally and morally, take excuse of 'rush of work'. Not a single decision of a court of law
should reflect that it was not a 'decision' but an attempt to earn 'numbers/units' or to lessen the number of
cases entrusted to it for disposal 'according to law'. Thin line between two known legal maxims i.e. 'justice
delayed is justice denied' and 'justice hurried is justice buried' must always be appreciated by every single
court.” (2015 SCMR 1549)

Court has referred to the both opposing legal principles together “Justice delayed is justice denied” and “justice hurried
is justice buried” and considered that there is a thin line between these two principles although court had not described
what that thin line means. Both maxims are contradictory and are not only poles apart, but both exist on extremes. The
court must maintain balance while appreciating these maxims because these legal principles have the contradiction in
their nature, and both are much desired features of the legal system as aggrieved party desires for hurried justice while
frivolous litigant desires for delayed and denied justice. Hurried justice can lack the thorough analysis and inspection
of the case while delayed justice infringes the fundamental human rights of justice. So there always remains a
contradiction between the time and the quality and that intensely exists in Pakistani Courts.
Delayed justice generates an assumption that either justice has been done or not. “Unreasonable delay in justice”
breaches freedom as well as it also threatens the well-being of an individual. (Alan. L., 1968) Delayed justice infringes
the right of life and liberty that are guaranteed by Constitution of Pakistan, 1973. The delaying justice in Pakistan is
of the most disturbing matter because a fundamental right is at an issue. The assurance to expeditious justice is
foremost for the survival of democracy. It is ironic that a country like Pakistan which is a democratic country having
a reasonable legal system has the least execution of justice. It is very odd that such an imbalance is not fascinated with
any concern.
It is factual that there is need of proper and reasonable time for decreeing a case and no case can be decreed instantly.
Court needs a proper time to inspect the case. So usually reference to the term speedy justice means the fair expeditious
not hurried and hasted. Delayed Justice forms two types of harms: in criminal cases, the accused suffers prolonged
detention before trial and anxiety due the allegations made by the public. (People v. Rehman)
It cannot be neglected that for the final judgment of any lawsuit court requires time to investigate the matter, inspection
of evidences, and perusal of record, and to establish relation or privity between the suit parties and to clarify the

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question in conflict after all these processes court become able to verdict a case (World Bank, 2006). Court has to
follow the procedure and the basic concepts of “law, equity and justice.” (Pathon, 1973) Any verdict given without
following the essence can be full of flaws. Although the court should have to follow the basic procedures and laws
but lengthy, complex procedures having many imperfections, passive and subjective procedural technicalities can
result in delayed justice and the court cannot hide itself that much of time had been wasted in following procedure and
finding proper remedy for the final disposal.
Along with the “complexity of procedures” the “intricacy of the lawsuit” plays a vital role in delaying justice as the
complex lawsuit requires more time for its preparation. And in the light of jurisprudence the “intricacy of the lawsuit”
has an adverse correlation with the speed for decreeing a lawsuit (Miani, 2009). It is also a fact that a complex case
needs a lot of time in court, so the judges and justices are suggested to verdict such cases with full attention and care.
Haste in deciding such cases can cause errors as the speedy judgments in such cases can never meet the criteria of
justice and equity. (Pekkanen, 2011) Although for deciding complex cases the courts are also required to maintain a
balance between delayed and hurried justice. The “maximum adjournments” are not acceptable on the ground that the
case is complex, and court requires time and time to decide the matter. The reasonable time to decide a case is the
right of court but such reasonable time should not exceed its limits.
Pakistani courts in their judgments very often describe and define the “concept of justice” and concede that courts are
the only institutions that are working for the “propagation of natural justice and expeditious justice.” The court very
truly states that justice is hope, delayed justice is denied justice, hurried justice is buried justice, justice is fundamental
principle of a civilized society, justice via “fair trial and due process, expeditious justice,” part of constitution and
many more. But justice is the most eminent and most violated legitimate principle in Pakistan. Justice is widely
described in the theories, hypothetical fables, ritualistic occurrences, on the doorstep of the courtroom and the
constitutional, ordinary, partly and final decrees of courts. Justice can be scrutinized by the practical application of it
and practically in Pakistan it is not more than a mere myth and it can be evident from millions of backlog cases pending
in Pakistani Courts.
Significant Causes of Delayed Justice
Although it is complex to mention a few causes of delaying justice, it is true that there are many factors that are causing
delayed justice in Pakistan. Delay is not a new concept and it adds fuel to grievances of the aggrieved party. Delayed
justice promotes “the crime rate, violation of rights, anxiety, extortion, agitation, insecurity, corruption, abuse,
defamation, torture and harassment by police as well as religious and denominational conflicts.”
Foremost reason for delaying justice is fault in the “judicial system.” The fault in judicial system arises when the
number of cases filed are much more than the number of judges hearing such cases. “Insufficient court administration”
including the “inadequate staff, lack of budget and insufficient courtroom is also causing of delaying justice.”
(Banfield & Anderson, 1968)
The administration of justice is necessary but in Pakistani administration of justice has reasons for delaying justice.
“Laden dockets, backlog of pending cases, procedural and judicial delays and unfair postponements of cases” are
significant obstacles in delaying justice in Pakistan. (Chaudhry, 2011) The judicial delays include “transfer of cases,
arbitrary and excessive adjournments, transfer and corruption of judges as well as no appearance of the parties of suits
and their advocates in the courtroom.” While procedural delays occur due to the existence of long and complex legal
procedures and intricate procedural technicalities. (International Crisis Group, 2008)

Judges are the backbone of the courts and they work for the dispensation of justice but in Pakistan the non-professional
attitude is prevailing (Sherwani, 2006). Further the “transfer of judges” from one court to another also delays justice
(Alam, 2010). Above all the lawyers in Pakistan mould the procedures for getting “unreasonable relief” and such
reliefs are granted by the judges because the judges are bound by laws. Due to this the judges are unable to take the
action against non-attending of parties to suits (Shah, R & Ahmad, J). Many judges are not well-trained (Van Rhee,
2004). So, they fail to compel the lawyers to dispose of the cases in time and according to rules prescribed by law
(Adler, F, & Conference, 1982).

Usually in the criminal courts much of time is utilized in determining the fact in issue. Consequently, the court loses
much of important evidence and sometimes the facts in issues before the court are not clearly depicted, many
ambiguities are present in the plaint that may also become cause of delay. Much time in criminal cases is wasted in
delaying investigations by police as well. (P McClellan, 2020)

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Backlog of Cases and Delayed or Denied Justice

First, it is important to describe the concept of the timelines and then to describe the concept of delay. The “timelines”
is a subjective term and it is defined differently by scholars, legal academics, and staff of the court, administrators,
justices and judges and parties of the suit (Sourdin, 2013). “Timelines” refer to the standard time in which the final
decree might be made. And the standard time for resolution of any dispute in the lower court is not more than “six
months.” (Local Court Time Standards, 2012) In this context any cases if it is decreed after six months will be
considered as a delayed decree.
Pakistani courts have a bundle of pending cases. Some of them were instituted “50 years” before but had not been
decreed up till now. In 2008 a report on “Study of informal justice system in Pakistan” published in Pakistan the report
stated that delaying justice in Pakistan is not a new utterance. The report estimated that Pakistan courts need more
than “15 years” to try the huge stock of pending cases. The Pakistani Court usually takes “25 years” to decree a case
and for execution of that decree “5 years” more are required. (International Crisis Group, 2008) it is also estimated
that on an average a party to suit makes “72 visits” to court as well as spends nearly “0.2 to 0.3 million” for getting
justice. (Khan, 2004)

“Consolidate statement of pending cases, pendency, institution and disposal of cases during the period August 2021”
affirmed that the Pakistani Judiciary has a backlog of “2,177,527 cases. 54043 cases are pending before Superior
Courts including SCP and Federal Shariat Court while 350495 are pending in of High Courts of all provinces including
Islamabad High Court (IHC) and the district judiciary of Pakistan has a backlog of 1,773,171 cases.” The numbers of
cases pending before each court are illustrated below (Consolidate statement, August 2021) accessed from
http://ljcp.gov.pk/nljcp/assets/dist/news_pdf/courts.pdf
Pendency of cases before Superior Courts

Name of Superior Courts Number of pending cases

Supreme Court of Pakistan 53686
Federal Shariat Court 175
Total 53,861
Pendency of cases before High Courts

Name of High Courts Number of pending cases

Lahore High Court 197907
Sindh High Court 86679
Bulochistan High Court 4538
Islamabad High Court 16858
Peshawar High Court 44513
Total 350495

Pendency of cases before lower courts

Name of Lower Courts Number of pending cases

District Courts of Punjab 1336315
District Courts of Sindh 117938
District Courts of Khyber Pakhtunkhawa 249013
District Courts of Bulochistan 17306
District Courts of Islamabad 52599
Total 1,773,171
Grand total number cases pending in the Judiciary of Pakistan

Total number of cases pending in superior judiciary 53,861

Total number of cases pending in High Courts and 350495
IHC
number of cases pending in District judiciary and IDC 1,773,171
Grand total 2,177,527

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It is impossible to ensure the administration of justice while having a stock of cases pending before all courts of
Pakistan and the number of pendency is increasing day by day. Similar report published in January depicted that the
Pakistani Judiciary had a “backlog of 2162042 cases including Superior courts had a backlog of 46873, High Courts
of Pakistan had 331343 while district judiciary of Pakistan had 1783826 cases pending.” (Statement of cases Pending,
January 2021)

Means from January to August “15485” cases are added in the already existing backlog of cases. Consequently, it can
also be admitted that Pakistan has a trend of denial of justice by delaying it. The previous backlog of cases and constant
institution of new cases shows impracticability of justice and the cases pending from decades and had not been decided
yet also encourages the denial of justice.

Impact of Delayed Justice on Litigants

Delayed Justice is an obstacle for development of civilized society. It hinders the “socio-economic growth” of the
society. It discourages the foreign investors and also affects foreign investment. The delayed justice affects the trade
and business with multinational companies and foreign governments. (Owais M., Volume 03) Delayed Justice has
undoubtedly affected the state and its affairs more than this delayed justice affects the litigants or parties of suits. The
delayed justice has a very lethal impact not only on the lives of parties of suits, but it also upsets the litigant
psychologically especially the aggrieved party is much affected with delayed justice.

Failure to deliver timely justice is a violation of “fundamental rights” and delayed justice by affecting the lives of suit
parties further violates “fundamental human rights.” The negative impact of delayed justice increases when delay
occurs in disposition of matters involving “fundamental rights.” In short delay in justice constitutes other
supplementary infringements (Angelo B. Dube, 2010).

Delayed Justice psychological effects the litigants as the moving of parties of suit from one court to another, change
of judges or recording of the evidence again and again that make the parties psychological uncomfortable and delaying
strategies of lawyers. In this way litigants find themselves in a vicious circle. So, delaying justice is not only
substantially exhausting but also emotionally frustrating. (Sourdin, Tania and Burstyner, Naomi, 2016)
In MFMY Industries Ltd. v. Federation of Pakistan, Court affirmed that
“Court is not a mere mixture of construction material but in its literal sense is a 'hope' where complainant
or plaintiff (as the case may be) comes with a hope of justice. Court must always act in such a manner so
that every single decision thereof should satisfy its literal meaning i.e. 'a place where justice is
done/dispensed'. Litigants should never be given a 'disposal of their approaches' but a 'decision by a Court
of law.”
So, when a court is hope for the litigants then delaying litigations can also hurt the hope of the litigants. A person
alleged in any crime the society considered him a convicted although at that time he had not been convicted by the
court. But if the court with undue delay affirmed his acquittal the loss to his reputation, mental agony and mental
teasing of that person by society cannot be compensated. The person goes to court with a hope to get remedy and
when he faces repeated adjournments then undoubtedly, he has to be encountered with “psychological, physical and
financial trauma.”
Recommendations for Revival of Justice
Justice is fundamental principle of Islam as in Quran in Surah “Al Imran verse 108” Allah stated that “Allah wants no
injustice to the world.” In Surah“Al Araaf verse 181” it is stated that “We created a community which guides by truth
and by it establishes justice.”
“Last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)” had never compromised on justice. In the light of hadith, it can be elaborated
that in Islamic law there is no concept of delaying justice because the decisions made by “the Prophet and his Caliphs”
were unbiased and based on fundamental principles of humanity. Once a lady of a very rich and reputable tribe named
“Banu-Makhzum” was found guilty of theft. “The plea of forgiveness” was made to the “Prophet (S.A.W)”. But the
prophet stated that many nations in the past were destroyed because their laws punish only the poor and forgive the

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rich. The “Prophet (S.A.W)” by swearing upon God further stated that “if his own daughter would be found guilty
with the charge of theft then he would definitely cut her hand.” Such examples of Islamic justice system are the sources
of light that can at first instance be the cause of speedy and impartial justice as well as can play a role in balancing the
society.
The most important feature of human rights is expeditious justice and it is the duty of Pakistan to provide expeditious
justice to the citizenry. Speedy justice is the constitutional right of all Pakistanis as article 37(d) of Constitution of
Pakistan demands the promotion of justice as well as “ensure inexpensive and expeditious justice.” Expeditious justice
is very important and is an essence of an enlightened and distinct legal system because the unreasonable delays
threaten the interests of litigants.
In Pakistan, the existing procedural laws are very old and less advantageous as the “Cr.P.C. and C.P.C” are 118 and
108 years old respectively while the age of “Rules of Court Managements” is nearly 80 years old. These laws were
made by the colonial masters and are now ineffective in their nature. For expeditious justice there is a need to amend
such laws and introduce greater efficiency in them. There is a need to update such laws according to the existing
realities. (Salauddin, 2016) There is a need for judicial reforms. These reforms must include the introduction of such
a legal system that ensures expeditious investigation of any crime. For such investigations should be completed within
the period of one to two to months. Because delayed investigations are one of the causes of delayed justice. Judicial
reforms must ensure the presence of simple procedures and simpler laws as complex procedures and laws means
delayed justice.
The Pakistani Constitution guarantees the rights of the citizenry and in case of breach of their rights the citizen can
approach the proper court for remedy and justice. This is usually misused by the “habitual litigants” initializing the
“frivolous litigations” against the innocents. Such “frivolous litigants” not only violate the rights of innocents but also
wastes the time of court as well as increase the backlog of cases. In such cases the court must award exemplary fiscal
punishments to avoid the institution of frivolous litigation.
It is usually stated that increasing the “number of judges” cannot help in dealing with a backlog of pending cases
(Pratiksha Baxi, 2008). Although it is not true because increasing the number of judges will be an additional strength
to the existing judiciary. For revival of expeditious justice, there is a need to “increase the number of courts” in
Pakistan that can also help in adjudication of a backlog of cases. The areas or cities that are remote and rural should
be given preference so that the people of these areas should get remedy within minimum distance and least expenses.
Pakistan spends nearly 0.02 per cent of its budget on management and infrastructure of the judiciary of Pakistan.
Pakistan spends nearly “1.81 out of 900 billion of its budgets” on judiciary (Nasir, I, 2018). It is astonishing that a
country that has a faith on justice spends so little for dispensation of justice. Moreover, from the last few years granted
funds had not been utilized for the advancement of infrastructure of Pakistani court. The increase in the number of
courts and judges will be effective in case the budget of the court will also be increased for the development, upgrading
and enhancement of infrastructure of court as well as to build more courtroom and to increase the staff and officers of
the judiciary.
In this postmodern century there is a need to introduce advanced technology in the court and the court should properly
start to provide expeditious justice via “e-courts”. The “e-court system” has been used by the Supreme Court of
Pakistan (Malik, A, 2019). However, the “e-court” system should be introduced to lower judiciary as well. Such a
system should be properly executed so that expeditious justice can be revived. The commencement of court
proceedings, conferences via videos, online institution of petitions and plea as well as online filing of cases can
enhance the justice in Pakistan. The Pakistan judiciary must utilize and introduce the “Tele Law Services” and “Pro
Bono app.”
Conclusion
Since delayed justice is a bad trend, it seems worrisome that Pakistan is deficient in prevailing expeditious justice.
Delayed justice can never empower or contribute to the growth of society. Delayed justice infringes the fundamental
human rights and it is a fact where there is delayed justice there is no rule of law. The complex judicial system,
intricacy in procedures of Pakistan, the backlog of cases and burden of cases on Pakistani Judiciary are causes of
failure providing speedy justice. This flaw of delayed justice is to be removed in this way: “amendment in the laws,
upgrading infrastructure and management of court, introduction of modern technology including e-court, increasing
number of courts and judges” can revive the justice system in Pakistan along with all these developments the “budget

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of courts” must have to be increased. It is the need of hour to revive justice in Pakistan otherwise the delayed justice
will hinder the materialization of a wish to have a speedy, approachable and effective justice in Pakistan.

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