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भारतीय मानक IS 17658 : 2021

Indian Standard

पोलीविनाईल क्लोराइड ( पीवीसी )


होमोपॉलिमर — विशिष्टि

Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC )


Homopolymers — Specification

ICS 83.080.20

© BIS 2021

भारतीय मानक ब्रयू ो


B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S TA N D A R D S
मानक भवन, 9 बहादरु शाह ज़फर मार्ग, नई िदल्ली – 110002
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI-110002
   www.bis.gov.in  
www.standardsbis.in

 Price Group 4
Plastics Sectional Committee, PCD 12

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Plastics
Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council.
PVC is used on a large scale for a variety of applications and has become an indispensable part of our daily
lives. Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC is a polymer manufactured by the polymerization of Vinyl Chloride monomer.
Manufacturing of PVC resin involves use of initiators, catalysts, suspension agents, chain transfer agents etc.
These resins are used in conjunction with a host of additives and ingredients at the downstream processing stage
for conversion. Products are made from PVC resin through various processes like Extrusion, Injection moulding,
Blow moulding, Dip moulding, Coating, Thermoforming, Calendaring, etc. These final products are used for a
variety of applications, some of which are in direct contact with food and drinking water.
Taking cognizance of the pressing need to monitor the quality of PVC resins which are used in products, some
of which come in direct contact with potable water, pharmaceuticals and food, it is imperative to have “Standard
Specifications” in line with the best global practices.
It is necessary to ensure that the properties of the PVC resin or final compound made during downstream process
are maintained considering the diverse range of applications as well as safety and health issues.
Ever since it came into commercial usage more than a century ago, the applications of PVC have grown by leaps
and bounds ranging from pipes (for municipal, construction, and industrial applications), packaging (in stretch
and shrink wrapping, rigid blister packaging, and food and film packaging besides bottles and containers), wiring
and insulations, medical products (such as blood and intravenous bags, kidney dialysis and blood transfusion
equipment, cardiac catheters, endotracheal tubes, artificial heart valves etc), automotive applications (such as side
mouldings, windshield system components, interior upholstery, dashboards, arm rests, floor mats etc), artificial
leather for diverse applications like upholstery, furnishing, jackets, purse, belts, shoes besides a varied range of
consumer goods. With technological advancement and innovations, PVC will continue to make inroads and find
acceptance in newer applications.
In the end to end process route, Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) is the precursor of PVC. VCM is manufactured
either from ethylene (through ethylene dichloride and its cracking) or acetylene (through calcium carbide).
Polymerization reactions of VCM to PVC can typically be classified under two broad process categories:
a) mass/bulk or suspension process (these two processes correspond to suspension resin), or
b) micro-suspension or emulsion process (these two correspond to paste resin).
This standard is made for both suspension as well as paste resins.
PVC resins come in different grades and are classified based on viscosity behavior; particle size distribution,
apparent bulk density etc., and each of these grades are used for diverse applications. These resins typically have
a nominal specific gravity of 1.4 and a theoretical chlorine content of 56.8 percent.
Considerable assistance has been derived from the following publications while formulating the Indian Standard:
ISO 1060-1 : 1998 Plastics — Homopolymer and copolymer resins of vinyl chloride — Part 1:
Designation system and basis for specifications
ASTM D1755 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
IS 17658 : 2021

Indian Standard
POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ( PVC )
HOMOPOLYMERS — SPECIFICATION

1 SCOPE 3.3 PVC-SR and PVC-PR shall comply with the


requirements as given in Table 1 and 2, respectively.
This standard prescribes requirements, methods
The alternate test methods are also given in Table 3. In
of sampling and tests for Polyvinyl Chloride
case of dispute the corresponding Indian Standard as
Suspension Resin (PVC-SR) and Polyvinyl Chloride
given in Table 1 and 2 shall be the referee test method.
Paste/Emulsion Resin (PVC-PR), also referred as
Polyvinyl Chloride dispersion resin. NOTE — PVC-SR and PVC-PR manufactured in different
commercial grades to meet the needs of diverse applications
and come in combination of different parameters. Table 1
2 REFERENCES
(PVC-SR) and Table 2 (PVC-PR) provides standard grades
The standards listed in Annex B contain provisions of PVC resin that encompass all commercial grades being
which, through reference in this text, constitute supplied in terms of parameters and uses.
provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, 4 DESIGNATION
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based 4.1 The designation system for PVC-SR and PVC-PR
on this standard are encouraged to investigate the is based on the following pattern:
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
standards listed in Annex B. Designation
Individual Item Block
3 REQUIREMENTS
Data Block 1 Data Block 2 Data Block 3
3.1 Basic Resin
Data Block 1 For Indian Standard
Homopolymers of Vinyl Chloride monomer.
Data Block 2 For the material
3.1.1 PVC-SR and PVC-PR are supplied in original
Data Block 3 K value
powder form intended for subsequent mixing and
processing in thermoplastic compositions. 4.2 Designation System Codification
3.1.2 When mixed with plasticizers, suspension resins 4.2.1 Data Block 1 — For Indian Standard.
yield a dry or moist powder while paste resins yield
liquid slurry. Since many resins are polymerized to 4.2.2 Data Block 2 — Code used for type of material
meet special requirements, a system of classification are as given below:
has been provided that permits a wide choice of grades.
Code Type of Resin
3.2 Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer (RVCM) P PVC-PR
Content
S PVC-SR
RVCM content of PVC-SR and PVC-PR shall
not exceed 2 ppm, However, RVCM content of B PVC-SR (mass/bulk)
PVC-SR shall not exceed 5 ppm when manufactured
by mass/bulk polymerization process. RVCM content 4.2.3 Data Block 3
shall be tested in accordance with IS 10151/ISO 24538. The code and ranges of the K-value for PVC-SR and
NOTE — In case of dispute, the referee method shall be Indian PVC-PR are given in Table 4.
Standard.

1
Table 1 Requirements of PVC Suspension Resin (PVC-SR)

IS 17658 : 2021
( Clause 3.3 )
Sl No. Characteristic Grades of PVC Suspension Resin (PVC-SR) Method of Test, Refer to IS/ISO/ASTM

Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7


(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
i) K-value < 56 ≥ 56 to ≤ 60 > 60 to < 64 ≥ 64 to < 68 ≥ 68 to < 72 ≥ 72 to ≤ 77 > 77 IS 4669/ISO 1628-2
ii) Sieve Analysis, material retained on 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 IS 4669/ISO 4610
250-micron sieve, percent by weight,
Max
iii) Apparent density, g/ml 0.48 to 0.63 0.48 to 0.62 0.48 to 0.61 0.49 to 0.60 0.47 to 0.56 0.44 to 0.55 0.35 to 0.52 IS 4669/ISO 60
iv) Plasticizer absorption, percent, Min 10 13 13 16 26 28 28 IS 4669/Method A of ISO 4608
v) Dry Flow of 140 g, sec, Max 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Method A of ISO 6186
vi) Conductivity-µS/cm-g, Max NA NA NA NA 3 3 3 IS 4669
vii) Volatile Matter, percent by weight, Max 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 IS 4669/ISO 1269
2

Table 2 Requirements of PVC Paste Resin (PVC-PR)


( Clause 3.3 )
Sl No. Characteristic Grades of PVC Paste Resin (PVC-PR) Method of Test,
Refer to
IS/ISO/ASTM
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 8
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)
i) K-Value < 64 ≥ 64 to < 67 ≥ 67 to ≤ 70 > 70 to < 75 ≥ 75 to ≤ 78 > 78 to < 82 ≥ 82 to ≤ 85 > 85 IS 4669/ISO 1628-2
ii) Inherent Viscosity < 0.82 0.82 to 0.94 0.91 to 1.00 0.97 to 1.15 1.16 to 1.25 1.26 to 1.36 1.37 to 1.48 1.49 to 1.59 ASTM D1243
iii) Apparent Viscosity at low shear rates using 5 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5 ISO 2555
rotational viscometer at 23 °C with 60 phr
plasticizer and 2 h ageing, Pa-s, Max
iv) Volatile Matter, percent by weight, Max 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 IS 4669/ISO 1269
IS 17658 : 2021

Table 3 Alternate Test Methods 5 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS OF POLYMER


( Clause 3.3 ) USED FOR MOULDING OR EXTRUSION
ARTICLES IN CONTACT WITH FOOD
Sl No. Characteristic Methods of Test STUFFS, PHARMACEUTICAL AND
(1) (2) (3) DRINKING WATER
i) Residual Vinyl ASTM D3749 When the products are used in contact with foodstuffs,
Chloride Monomer pharmaceuticals and drinking water, its requirements
(RVCM) content
with respect to the material shall also be met as per
ii) K-value ASTM D1243 IS 10151.
iii) Sieve analysis ASTM D1921
iv) Apparent density Method A of ASTM D1895 6 PACKING AND MARKING
v) Plasticizer absorption ASTM D3367
6.1 Packing
vi) Dry flow Method A of ASTM D1895
The material shall be packed in suitable form of packing
vii) Conductivity ASTM D1125 or tankers or tank cars, as agreed between the purchaser
viii) Volatile matter ASTM D3030 and the supplier.
ix) Apparent viscosity ASTM D1824
6.2 Marking
Each bag and/or unit package whichever is smallest
Table 4 Code for K-value for PVC-SR and
in size that is being delivered to the customer shall be
PVC-PR in Data Block 3
clearly marked with the following:
( Clause 4.2.3 )
a) Name and type of the material;
Sl No. Code PVC-SR K-value PVC-PR K-value b) Designation code;
Range Range
c) Net mass in the package;
(1) (2) (3) (4)
d) Name of the manufacturer;
i) 1 < 56 < 64
e) Country of origin;
ii) 2 ≥ 56 to ≤ 60 ≥ 64 to < 67
f) Recognized trade mark, if any;
iii) 3 > 60 to < 64 ≥ 67 to ≤ 70
g) Batch number/Lot number; and
iv) 4 ≥ 64 to < 68 > 70 to < 75
h) Month and year of manufacture of the material.
v) 5 ≥ 68 to < 72 ≥ 75 to ≤ 78
NOTE — Batch number/lot number should reflect month and
vi) 6 ≥ 72 to ≤ 77 > 78 to < 82 year of manufacture of the material. If not, it has to be printed
vii) 7 > 77 ≥ 82 to ≤ 85 separately as mentioned in (h).
viii) 8 – > 85 6.2.1 For supplies of material in tankers or tank cars, a
NOTES test report containing the following information shall
1 The producer shall use the code relating to the nominal be provided for each tanker or tank car:
K-Value (usually the mid-point of the range or target value of
a) Name and type of the material;
the individual resin manufacturer’s specification) of respective
grades while designating any grade. b) Designation code;
2 K value is a calculated value which is obtained by measuring c) Name of the manufacturer;
the dilute solution viscosity and solving a mathematical
equation. d) Country of origin;
e) Batch number/lot number;
4.3 Example of Designation
f) Month and year of manufacture of the material;
Each data block shall be separated by a space or
hyphen. PVC Suspension resin of K-value 70 will be g) Supply date;
designated as: h) Tanker number; and
IS XXX-S-5 j) Quantity.
Similarly, PVC Paste resin of K-value 65 will be The test report shall be certified by authorized person of
designated as: the manufacturer’s organization.
IS XXX-P-2

3
IS 17658 : 2021

6.3 BIS Certification Marking 7 SAMPLING


The product(s) conforming to the requirements of The method of preparing representative test samples of
this standard may be certified as per the conformity the material and the criteria for conformity shall be as
assessment schemes under the provisions of the prescribed in Annex A.
Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 and the Rules
and Regulations framed thereunder, and the products
may be marked with the Standard Mark.

4
IS 17658 : 2021

ANNEX A
( Clause 7 )
SAMPLING

A-1 GENERAL Approximately 1 kg (or higher quantity required for


testing) of sample is to be collected into a clean plastic
In drawing, preparing, storing and handling samples,
bag, or other appropriate clean sealed container, to
the precautions and directions given in A-1.1 to A-1.6
have ~ 3 kg composite sample. Proper mixing to be
shall be observed.
done for homogenization of composite sample before
A-1.1 Samples shall not be taken in an exposed place. testing.
Based on the requirement of testing, the portion of
A-1.2 The sampling instrument shall be of stainless the composite sample will be stored properly in two
steel or any other suitable material on which the containers as mentioned in A-1.4. Sample of the one
material shall have no action. The instrument shall be container will be used for testing in front of inspection
clean and dry. authority at manufacturer site/laboratory. The other
A-1.3 Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, sample container will be stored (maximum 6 months)
the materials being sampled, the sampling instrument and properly labelled as reference sample for the testing
and the containers for samples from adventitious in future if it is required in case of any dispute or other
contamination. requirement.

A-1.4 The samples shall be placed in a suitable clean, A-3 SAMPLING INSTRUMENT
dry, air-tight, plastic/metal/glass container on which the
material has no action. The sample container shall be A-3.1 The sampling instrument made of stainless
of such a size that it is almost completely filled by the steel shall be as shown in Fig. 1. It shall be capable
sample. of taking samples from all points when inserted into
the container/bag. In case of FFS bag (multilayer film
A-1.5 Each sample container shall be sealed sack) sampling may be done by opening the bag and
air-tight with a stopper, if appropriate, after filling and collecting the sample.
marked with full details of sampling such as the date
of sampling, the month and year of manufacture of the A-3.2 From each of the containers/bags selected,
material, etc. portions of the material shall be drawn with the help
of the sampling instrument. The total quantity of the
A-1.6 Samples shall be stored in such a manner that the material collected from each container/bag shall be
temperature of the material does not vary unduly from sufficient to conduct tests for the determination of the
the normal temperature. various characteristics as required.

A-2 SCALE OF SAMPLING A-4 NUMBER OF TESTS

A-2.1 Lot/Batch A-4.1 Tests for the table 1 PVC Suspension Resin (SR)
For continuous chemical processes like polymer and table 2 PVC Paste Resin (PR) shall be conducted
production, the sampling shall be done from sealed individually from a portion of composite samples, kept
bags/packages or other representative sampling points in the bottle/container.
after proper homogenization of the material. A-4.2 Tests other than table 1 PVC Suspension
To get the representative samples from the entire Resin (SR) and table 2 PVC Paste Resin (PR) shall
lot/batch, random sampling to be done from the entire be conducted on the remaining portion of composite
lots/batches irrespective of the size of lot/batch. The samples, if it is required, as per agreement between
number of sampling to be done as per below table buyer and seller.
based on the quantity of the lot/batch.
A-5 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
Lot Size (MT) Number of Samples
The lot shall be declared as conforming to the
Up to 300 3
requirements of this specification if all the test results
> 300 4 on individual samples meet the relevant specification
requirement.

5
IS 17658 : 2021

Fig. 1 Sampling Instrument

ANNEX B
( Clause 2 )
REFERENCES

IS No./Other Title IS No./Other Title


Publications Publications
4669 : 1968 Methods of test for polyvinyl 6186 : 1998 Plastics — Determination of
chloride resins pourability
10151 : 2019 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and its 24538 : 2008 Plastics — Homopolymer
copolymers for its safe use in contact and copolymer resins of vinyl
with foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals chloride — Determination of
and drinking water — Specification residual vinyl chloride monomer
(first revision) by gas-chromatographic analysis
of dry powder
60 : 1997 Plastics — Determination of
apparent density of material that ASTM D1125 : Standard Test Methods for
can be poured from a specified 2014 Electrical Conductivity and
funnel Resistivity of Water
1269 : 2006 Plastics — Homopolymer ASTM D1243 : Standard Test Method for Dilute
and copolymer resins of vinyl 2015 Solution Viscosity of Vinyl
chloride — Determination of Chloride Polymers
volatile matter (including water) ASTM D1824 : Standard Test Method for Apparent
1628-2 : 2020 Plastics — Determination of 2016 Viscosity of Plastisols and
the viscosity of polymers in Organosols at Low Shear Rates
dilute solution using capillary ASTM D1895 : Standard Test Methods for
viscometers — Part 2 : Poly (vinyl 2017 Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and
chloride) resins Pourability of Plastic Materials
2555 : 2018 Plastics — Resins in the liquid state ASTM D1921 : Standard Test Methods for Particle
or as emulsions or dispersions — 2018 Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic
Determination of apparent Materials
viscosity using a single cylinder ASTM D3030 : Standard Test Method for Volatile
type rotational viscometer method 2017 Matter (Including Water) of Vinyl
4608 : 1988 Plastics — Homopolymer and Chloride Resins
copolymer resins of vinyl chloride ASTM D3367 : Standard Test Method for
for general use — Determination 2021 Plasticizer Sorption of Poly (Vinyl
of plasticizer absorption at room Chloride) Resins Under Applied
temperature Centrifugal Force
4610 : 2001 Plastics — Vinyl chloride ASTM D3749 : Standard Test Method for Residual
homopolymer and copolymer 2019 Vinyl Chloride Monomer in Poly
resins — Sieve analysis using air- (Vinyl Chloride) Resins by Gas
jet sieve apparatus Chromatographic Headspace
Technique

6
IS 17658 : 2021

ANNEX C
( Foreword )
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Plastics Sectional Committee, PCD 12

Organization Representative(s)

Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Shri Samir Kumar Biswas (Chairman)
Technology, Chennai
Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Dr S. N. Yadav
Technology (CIPET), Chennai
CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute Shri R. S. Matche
(CFTRI), Mysore
Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE), Shri T. K. Bandopadhyay
Mumbai Shri Arunava Guha (Alternate)
CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicological Research Dr V. P. Sharma
(IITR), Lucknow Dr A. B. Pant (Alternate)
Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL), Mumbai Shri S. V. Raju
Shri Ajay Shah (Alternate)
SABIC Innovative Plastics, Bengaluru Dr Sumanda Bandyopadhyay
Shri Sachin S. Unde (Alternate)
Haldia Petrochemicals Limited, Kolkata Shri Raj K. Datta
Suvomoy Ganguly (Alternate)
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Shri Sharath Kumar Pallerla
New Delhi Shri Shard Sapra (Alternate)
Indian Institute of Packaging (IIP), Mumbai Shri Madhab Chakraborty
Dr Tanweer Alam (Alternate)
GAIL (India) Ltd, NOIDA Shri Manish Khandelwal
CSIR- National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune Dr Harshawardhan Pol
Dr Kadhiravan Shanmuganathan (Alternate)
Indian Plastic Institute (IPI), Mumbai Shri V. B. Lall
Shri Mihir Banerji (Alternate)
Voluntary Organization in Interest of Consumer Shri M. A. U. Khan
Education (VOICE), New Delhi Shri H. Wadhwa (Alternate)
All India Plastics Manufacturers Association Shri Deepak Ballani
(AIPMA), New Delhi
The Toy Association of India (TAI), New Delhi Shri Rajesh Arora
Shri R. K. Verma (Alternate)
Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals, Shri Dinesh Kumar
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, New Delhi
Organization of Plastics Processors of India, Mumbai Mr Deepak Lawale
Dr Satyaprasad Bhattacharya (Alternate)
Plastindia Foundation, Mumbai Dr E. Sundaresan
Shri Hiten Bheda (Alternate)
Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi Dr A. B. Akolkar
Dr S. K. Nigam (Alternate)

7
IS 17658 : 2021

Organization Representative(s)

National Committee on Plasticulture Applications in Shri Anand Zambre


Horticulture (NCPAH), Ministry of Agriculture Shri Krishna Kumar Kaushal (Alternate)
and Farmers Welfare, Govt of India, New Delhi
Indian Oil Corporation, R & D Centre, Faridabad Dr G. S. Kapur
Shri Dhananjay Sahoo (Alternate)
ONGC Petro Additions Ltd (OPAL), Gujarat Shri Vivek Mehta
Chemical and Petrochemical Manufactures Shri Kamal Nanavaty
Association (CPMA) New Delhi
Consumer Association of India (CONCERT), Chennai Shri G. Santhanarajan
Shri M. R. Krishnan (Alternate)
Coca-Cola India Pvt Ltd Shri Rajendra Dobriyal
Shri Virendra Landge (Alternate)
Huhtamaki Paper Product Ltd (HPPL), Hyderabad Shri Atindra N. Chaudhuri
HMEL, Noida Shri Vineet Kumar Gupta
Shri Alakesh Ghosh (Alternate)
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Shri Chirag Gadi
(FSSAI), Delhi
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ghaziabad Dr Jai Prakash
Dr Manoj Kumar Pandey (Alternate)
Technical Training and Research Centre (TTRC), Shri R. K. Dwivedi
Lohia Group, Kanpur
IIT, Delhi Shri Anup K. Ghosh
Food Corporation of India (FCI), Delhi Shri A. S. Arunachalam
Shri A. K. U. B. Singh (Alternate)
Shivalik Agro-Poly Products Ltd, Mohali Shri Pankaj Kumar Mahajan
Dr G. D. Tyagi (Alternate)
BIS Director General Shrimati Nagamani T., Scientist ‘E’ and Head (PCD)
[ Representing Director General ( Ex-officio ) ]

Member Secretary
Shri Shivam Dwivedi
Scientist ‘B’ (PCD), BIS

8
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2016 to promote harmonious
development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to
connected matters in the country.

Copyright

BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without
the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the
standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to
copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: PCD 12 (16193).

Amendments Issued Since Publication


Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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