UNIT 1 - Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial Intelligence is formed by combining the two words artificial and

intelligence.
a. Artificial – Artificial refers to something created or produced by humans
rather than existing naturally
b. Intelligence – The ability to acquire and use knowledge and skills is referred
to as intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence Definition

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of machines to do cognitive tasks such as

thinking, perceiving, learning, problem solving, and decision making. It is based on
how individuals use their brains to observe, learn, figure out, and make decisions.

History of Artificial Intelligence

The phrase “artificial intelligence” was created by John McCarthy, who also hosted
the first AI conference.
What is Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn

and develop without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is concerned
with the creation of computer program that can access data and learn for
themselves.

What is Natural Language Processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of artificial intelligence (AI) that

focuses on assisting computers in understanding how humans write and
communicate.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence

AI Application in E Commerce

a. Personalized Shopping – Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used to develop

recommendation engines that help you engage with your customers more effectively.

b. AI-powered Assistants – Virtual shopping assistants and chatbots aid in the

enhancement of the online buying experience.

c. Fraud Prevention – Two of the most serious difficulties that E-Commerce

businesses face are credit card fraud and fraudulent reviews

Artificial Intelligence in Social Media

a. Facebook – Artificial Intelligence uses the technique known as DeepText.

DeepText automatically translates the post from one language to another language.

b. Twitter – Twitter uses AI for fraud detection, propaganda removal, and to remove
hateful content.

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

With the help of AI the farmer can identify defects and nutrient deficiencies in the
soil with the help of machine learning applications

Artificial Intelligence in Robotics

Another industry where artificial intelligence applications are widely used is

robotics. AI-powered robots use real-time updates to detect obstructions in their
path and instantaneously arrange their route.
 Three Domains of Artificial Intelligence

There are three types of domain in Artificial Intelligence.

1. Data Science (Data for AI)

2. Natural Language Processing (NLP)
3. Computer Vision (CV)

1. Data Science (Data for AI) –

The process of converting a raw dataset into valuable knowledge is known as Data
Science. Nowadays Data Science is an important part of an Industry. Data science is
an AI domain concerned with data systems and processes, in which the system
collects a large amount of data, maintains sets of data, and extracts meaning from
them.

2. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Natural language processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence. Natural

language Processing has the ability to understand text and spoken words in the
same manner that humans can.

3. Computer Vision (CV)

Computer vision allows computers and systems to extract useful information from
digital photos, videos, and other visual inputs. The goal of Computer Vision is to
take necessary action after identifying an object or person in a digital image.
What is Smart Home

A smart home is a flexible house setup in which appliances and devices may be
managed remotely using a mobile or other networked device from anywhere with an
internet connection.

What is Smart City

The Smart Cities Mission’s goal is to promote economic growth and improve people’s
quality of life by facilitating local area development and utilizing technology,
particularly technology that leads to Smart results.

AI Ethics

AI ethics are a collection of principles that guide the development and use of
artificial intelligence.

Why AI Ethics is important?

Ethical AI can help businesses run more efficiently, provide cleaner products,
reduce negative environmental impacts, improve public safety, and improve human
health.
 UNIT 2 - AI Project Cycle Class 9 Notes
The AI Project Cycle is a step-by-step process that a company must follow in order to
derive value from an AI project and to solve the problem.

There are five different stage of AI Project Cycle.

1. Problem Scoping
Whenever we begin a new project, we encounter a number of challenges. In fact, we
are surrounded with issues! These issues might be minor or major; sometimes we
overlook them, and other times we require immediate attention.

To understand a problem, determine the different aspects that affect the problem,
and define the project’s goal are problem scoping.
4Ws Problem Canvas

The 4 W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where, and Why. This 4 W’s helps to
identify and understand the problem in a better manner.
a. Who – The “Who” element helps us to understand and categorize who is directly
and indirectly affected by the problem, and who are known as Stakeholders.

b. What – The “What” section aids us in analyzing and recognizing the nature of the
problem, and you may also gather evidence to establish that the problem you’ve
chosen exists under this block.

c. Where – What is the situation, and where does the problem arise.

d. Why – Refers to why we need to address the problem and what the advantages
will be for the stakeholders once the problem is solved.

2. Data Acquisition
The method of collecting correct and dependable data to work with is known as data
acquisition. Data can be in the form of text, video, photos, audio, and so on, and it
can be gathered from a variety of places such as websites, journals, and
newspapers.

For example, If you want to make an Artificially Intelligent system which can predict
the salary of any employee based on his previous salaries, you would feed the data
of his previous salaries into the machine. The previous salary data here is known as
Training Data while the next salary prediction data set is known as the Testing
Data.

What is Data

Data is a representation of facts or instructions about an entity that can be

processed or conveyed by a human or a machine, such as numbers, text, pictures,
audio clips, videos, and so on.

Acquiring Data from Reliable Sources

There are six ways to collect data. The tools are

a. Surveys
A research method for gathering data from a predetermined sample of respondents
in order to get knowledge and insights into a variety of issues.

b. Cameras
We can collect visual data with the help of cameras, this data is unstructured data
that can be analyzed via Machine learning.

c. Web Scripting
Web scribing is a technique for collecting structured data from the internet, such as
news monitoring, market research, and price tracking.

d. Observation
Some of the information we can gather through attentive observation and
monitoring.

e. Sensors
With the help of sensors also we can collect the data. A device that detects or
measures a physical property are called sensors, such as biomatrix.

f. Application program interface

An API is a software interface that enables two apps to communicate with one
another.
3. Data Exploration
In order to better understand the nature of the data, data analysts utilize data
visualization and statistical tools to convey dataset characterizations, such as size,
amount, and accuracy.

Data exploration is a technique used to visualize data in the form of statistical

methods or using graphs.

4. Modelling

Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in robots that have
been trained to think and act like humans. The term can also refer to any machine
that demonstrates, like humans, the ability to learn and solve the problem is
Artificial Intelligence.

Machine Learning
Machine learning is a part of an Artificial Intelligence application in which we give
data to the machine and allow them to learn for themselves. It’s essentially getting a
machine to accomplish something without being specifically programmed to do so.
Deep Learning
Deep learning is a part of Artificial Intelligence that uses neural networks with
multilayer. Deep learning analyzes the data, learns the data and solves the problem
the same as a human. Deep learning requires the machine to be educated with a
large quantity of data in order to train itself.
What is Modeling

An AI model is a program that has been trained to recognize patterns using a set of
data. AI modeling is the process of creating algorithms, also known as models, that
may be educated to produce intelligent results. This is the process of programming
code to create a machine artificially.

5. Evaluation
After a model has been created and trained, it must be thoroughly tested in order to
determine its efficiency and performance; this is known as evaluation.