I LOVE MATHS SERIES.

BOOK 4
MATHEMATICS
GRADE 12
2021 REVISION MATERIAL

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
A collection of questions from previous
question papers (2016 to 2020).
Prepared by T Faya.

Take note: Coding of questions. This booklet is divided into 3 SECTIONS.

KZN J18 – KZN June 2018 1. SECTION A – Definitions involving Pythagoras.
KZN S18 – KZN Sept 2018 – Identities.
– Reduction formulae.
ECS18 – Eastern Cape Sept 2018
– Special Angles.
NM17 – National March 2017
– Trig Equations and General Solutions.
And so on……………. 2. SECTION B – Trigonometric Functions
3. SECTION C – Solutions to triangles (2D & 3D Applications).
**Compound angles and double angles are integrated into all
subsections.

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 SECTION A

QUESTION 5 KZNM16
y
In the sketch alongside, points
K(–2:3), L(p;0) and M(–5;–3)
are vertices of Δ KLM in a Cartesian
plane. KM cuts the x-axis at N and
KN ˆL   .


N
· L (p; 0)
x

M (–5; –3)

5.1.1 Determine the equation of the line KM. (3)

5.1.2 Hence, calculate the co-ordinates of N (1)

5.2 Calculate the value of p if KM = LM (4)

5.3 Determine  , correct to ONE decimal digit. (2)

[10]

QUESTION 1 KZNJ16
2
In the diagram below, PQRS is a parallelogram. The vertices P and S lie on the y – axis.
The side QR is produced to its own length to T, ie. QR = RT. Q (3;5) and S (0;2).
PS= 2 units. The line segment PT intersects SR at W. PW = WT
y

Q(3;5)

R
W
S(0;2)

T
O x

1.1 Determine the co-ordinates of the following points:

1.1.1 P (3)

1.1.2 R (3)

1.1.3 T (3)

1.1.4 W (3)

1.2
1.2.1 Calculate the gradient of PQ. (2)

1.2.2 Hence, determine the equation of the line PQ. (2)

1.3 Determine the length of the line SQ. (3)

[19]

QUESTION 3 KZNS16

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In the diagram below, A (–5; 1) , B(1; 6) and C(7; –2) are vertices of  ABC with
AB produced to D. BD forms an angle, β , with the negative x – axis and BC forms
an angle, α , with the positive x – axis. AB̂C  θ

y B(1; 6)

A(–5; 1)

O
D x

C(7; –2)

Determine:

3.1 the length AC (2)

3.2 the equation of line BC (3)

3.3 AB̂C (5)

3.4 the midpoint P of AB (2)

3.5 the equation of the line parallel to AC and passing through the point (–1; 3) (3)

3.6 Show that AB is perpendicular to 6x + 5y = 18 (3)

[18]

ECS16

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QUESTION 3 FSS16

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In the figure below, ABCD is a parallelogram with vertices:
A(0; 1), B(−2; −4), C(8; 1) and D(𝑘; 6). AE is perpendicular to BC.

y
D(k ; 6)
< 

A(0 ; 1)
C(8 ; 1)
x
O

B(2 ; 

3.1 Calculate the length of BC. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (3)

3.2 Determine the value of k. (3)

3.3 Determine the equation of AE. (4)

3.4 Calculate the size of  rounded off to two decimal places. (6)
[16]

GPS16

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QUESTION 3 LPS16

ABCD is a quadrilateral with vertices A(2 ; 5), B(−3 ; 10); C(−4 ; 3) and D(1 ;−2).
y

B(

A(2 ; 5)

C(

< β x
>
O

D(1 ; 

3.1 Calculate the length of AC. (Leave the answer in simplest surd form.) (2)

3.2 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of AC. (2)

3.3 Show that BD and AC bisect each other perpendicularly. (5)

3.4 Calculate the area of ∆ABC. (4)

3.5 Determine the equation of DC. (3)

3.6 Determine 𝜃, the angle of inclination of DC. (3)

3.7 ̂ C.
Calculate the size of A𝐷 (3)

[22]

MPS16

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NWS16

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WCS16

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QUESTION 3

In the diagram below, ABC is an isosceles triangle with A(2;1) and B(4 ; 9). AB = BC and
BC is parallel to the 𝑦-axis.

𝒚 C

K
B (4 ; 9)

A (–2 ; 1)
𝒙

3.1 Calculate the length of AB. (2)

3.2 Calculate the coordinates of C. (2)

3.3 Calculate the coordinates of K, the midpoint of AC. (2)

3.4 Determine the equation of AC in the form y = mx + c. (3)

3.5 Calculate the size of 𝜃. (4)

3.6 Calculate the area of ABC. (4)

[17]

QUESTION 3 NM16

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In the diagram below, P(1 ; 1), Q(0 ; –2) and R are the vertices of a triangle and PR̂Q = θ.
The x-intercepts of PQ and PR are M and N respectively. The equations of the sides PR
and QR are y = –x + 2 and x + 3y + 6 = 0 respectively. T is a point on the x-axis, as shown.

3.1 Determine the gradient of QP. (2)

3.2 Prove that PQ̂R = 90°. (2)

3.3 Determine the coordinates of R. (3)

3.4 Calculate the length of PR. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)

3.5 Determine the equation of a circle passing through P, Q and R in the form
x  a2   y  b2  r 2 . (6)

3.6 Determine the equation of a tangent to the circle passing through P, Q and R at point
P in the form y = mx + c. (3)

3.7 Calculate the size of θ. (5)

[23]

NJ16

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NN16

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QUESTION 4 KZNM17

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In the figure below, A (–1; 3) , B (3; –1) and C (–p; q) are vertices of Δ ABC.
Area of Δ ABC = 12 square units. CD is  AB.

y
A(-1;3)

O x
B(3;-1)

C(p;q)

4.1 Determine the coordinates of D, the midpoint of AB (2)

4.2 Show that p = q (5)

4.3 If p ; q < 0, determine the co-ordinates of C. (5)

[12]
QUESTION 1 KZNJ17
1.1 A ( – 2 ; 4 ) , B ( – 6 ; 2 ) and C ( 3 ; p ) are points in the Cartesian plane.
Calculate the value of p if AB  AC (5)
1.2 In the diagram below, P (–2 ; 5 ) , R (– 6 ; 3 ) and Q are the vertices of Δ PRQ .
N (–1 ; 2 ) is the midpoint of RQ.
y
P (-2; 5)

L
R (-6; 3)

N (-1; 2)

O x

1.2.1 Calculate  , rounded off to TWO decimal digits. (6)

1.2.2 Determine the equation of the line joining P and N. (4)
1.2.3 Calculate the coordinates of L, the midpoint of PQ. (5)
1.2.4 If RL cuts PN at A, calculate the coordinates of A. (3)

[23]
QUESTION 3 KZNS17

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In the figure below, PQR is a triangle with P(1 ; –1) . Q is a point on the y-axis. The equations
of QR and PR are x – 3y + 6 = 0 and x – y – 2 = 0 respectively. Given QP̂R  θ .

x – 3y + 6 = 0

Q x–y–2=0

x
O

P (1; –1)

3.1 Show that the co-ordinates of Q are (0 ; 2). (2)

3.2 Write down the gradient of QR. (2)

3.3 Prove that PQ̂R = 90o. (2)

3.4 Calculate the co-ordinates of R. (3)

3.5 Calculate the area of Δ PQR. (4)

3.6 Calculate the length of PR. (leave your answer in the simplest surd form). (2)

[15]

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ECS17

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QUESTION 3 GPJ17
1
In the diagram below, PRST is a quadrilateral with P (–2; 4), 𝑅 (−1; −2 ) and T (4; 6). PS
3
is drawn and W is a point on the x-axis. PR intersects the x-axis at M and PT || RS. L is the
y- intercept of PT.
y

T (4; 6)

L

P (– 2; 4)


x
M O S W

1
𝑅 (−1; −2 )
3

3.1 Calculate the gradient of PT (2)

3.2 Determine the equation of RS in the form y = mx + c. (3)

3.3 Show that PT  TS. (5)

3.4 Calculate the size of

3.4.1  (2)

3.4.2 𝛽, give reasons. (3)

3.5 Calculate the area of PRS in terms of k if MS = k units. (4)

[19]

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LPS17

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MPS17

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NWS17

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WCS17

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KZNM18

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QUESTION 6 KZNM16
In the sketch below, the circle with centre M touches, the y-axis at P and the
x-axis at R(2:0). The straight line defined by the equation y = – x – 2 cuts the circle
at point Q and passes through point P.

R(2; 0)
0 x

P·
M

6.1 Write down the co-ordinates of P. (1)

6.2 Write down the co-ordinates of M, the centre of the circle. (1)
6.3 Show that the equation of the circle with centre M is : x + y – 4x + 4y + 4 = 0.
2 2
(3)
6.4 The straight line with equation y = –x + c is a tangent to the circle with centre M.
Calculate the numerical values of c. (5)
[10]

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QUESTION 2 KZNJ16

2.1 In the diagram below C(3; –3) is the centre of the circle with radius equal to
5 units. F and G are the points of intersection of the circle with y – axis and the
x – axis respectively, HK is a tangent to the circle at F and cuts the x – axis at H.

H G
x

●
C(3;–3)

2.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (2)

2.1.2 Calculate the co-ordinates of F and G. (8)

2.1.3 Hence, determine the equation of the tangent HK. (5)

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 y
Q(6;5)

2.2 In the diagram alongside, R

a circle centre P has a radius of 2 units.
It lies in the first quadrant and touches
both axes. P(2;2)

x
The circle with the centre
Q (6; 5) touches the circle with
centre P externally at R.
Determine the equation of the circle
with centre Q.
(5)

[20]

QUESTION 4 KZNS16

In the diagram below, centre W of the circle lies on the straight line 3x + 4y + 7 = 0
The straight line cuts the circle at V and Z(–1; –1). The circle touches the y-axis
at G(0; 2)

M(a ; b)
M (a ; b)
W G(0; 2)

x
Z (–1; –1)

4.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2. (5)

4.1.2 Determine the length of diameter VZ (1)

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 4.1.3 Calculate the gradient of GZ. (2)

4.1.4 Write down the coordinates of the midpoint of GZ. (1)

4.1.5 Determine the equation of the line that is the perpendicular bisector of GZ. (3)

4.1.6 Show that the line in QUESTION 4.1.5 and straight line VZ intersect at W. (2)

4.2 The circle defined by (x + 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 25 has centre M, and the circle defined by
(x –1)2 + (y – 3)2 = 9 has centre N.

4.2.1 Show that the circles intersect each other at two distinct points. (6)

4.2.2 Determine the equation of the common chord. (3)

[23]
ECS16

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QUESTION 4 FSS16

In the diagram below, M (m; 3) is the centre of the circle. Q (−4; 𝑞) is the midpoint of chord AB with
A (−12; 2) and B (a; 11). The length of the radius of the circle is 10.
y

B (𝑎; 11)

Q (−4; 𝑞)

M(m; 3)
A(−12; 2)
x

4.1 Calculate the values of a and q. (3)

4.2 Calculate the value of m. (3)

4.3 If M(−2; 3), determine the equation of the circle in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)

4.4 Determine the equation of a tangent to the circle at point A. (3)

[11]

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QUESTION 5 FSS16

5.1 Calculate the value of k if the points A(6;5), B(3; 2) and C(2k ; k  4) are collinear.
(3)
5.2 The equation of circle is given: x  y  4 x  4 y  3  0 .
2 2

5.2.1 Determine the coordinates of the centre of the circle and the length of the radius.
(4)
5.2.2 Determine whether the point T(3;  3) lies inside, outside or on the circle. Show all
your calculations. (2)
[9]
GPS16

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QUESTION 4 LPS16

4.1 A circle has a diameter with equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1. The tangent to the circle at
point E intersects the 𝑥-axis at F(12 ; 0).

𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏

D
0 F(12 ; 0) x

Determine the coordinates of E. (6)

4.2 M is the centre of the circle defined by 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0.

P(𝑝 ; −𝑝) is any point on the tangent to the circle at T.

T•

M•

P (𝒑 ; −𝒑)
0 x

4.2.1 Show, by calculation, that the coordinates of M are (1 ; 2). (3)

4.2.2 Prove that the length of PT = √2𝑝2 + 2𝑝 + 1 (3)

4.2.3 Calculate the coordinates of P where P is as close as possible to T and hence

calculate the minimum length of PT. (5)

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MPS16

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NWS16

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WCS16
QUESTION 4

The diagram below consists of two circles, which touch each other externally at C (1 ;–2). The
smaller circle has its centre O at the origin. The other circle has centre D(𝑡 ; –6). CA is a
common tangent which intersects the 𝑥-axis at A. CDE is the diameter of the larger circle.

𝒙
O A

C (1 ;–2)

D (𝑡 ;–6)

4.1 Give a reason why the points O, C and D lie on a straight line. (2)

4.2 Calculate the gradient of OC. (2)

4.3 Hence, show that the value of 𝑡 = 3. (2)

4.4 Determine the equation of the tangent AC in the form y = mx + c. (3)

4.5 Calculate the coordinates of E. (2)

4.6 Determine the equation of a circle passing through the points A(5 ; 0), C and E in the
form ( x  a) 2  ( y  b) 2  r 2 . (6)

4.7 If a circle with centre D and equation ( x  t ) 2  ( y  6) 2  r 2 has to cut the circle with
centre O twice, give all possible values of r. (4)
[21]

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QUESTION 4 NM16

In the diagram below, the equation of the circle with centre O is x 2  y 2  20 . The tangent
1
PRS to the circle at R has the equation y  x  k . PRS cuts the y-axis at T and the x-axis
2
at S.

4.1 Determine, giving reasons, the equation of OR in the form y = mx + c. (3)

4.2 Determine the coordinates of R. (4)

4.3 Determine the area of OTS, given that R(2 ; –4). (6)

4.4 Calculate the length of VT. (4)

[17]

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NJ16

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NN16

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QUESTION 5 KZNM17

In the accompanying diagram alongside, P(3; 2) lies on the circumference of a circle with
centre M. The circle also passes through the origin. Q is the intercept of the circle with the x-axis.

Determine: y

P(3;2)

5.1 the co-ordinates of M. M (2)

5.2 the gradient of OP. (1)

Q
5.3 the equation of the circle M. O x (3)

5.4 the co-ordinates of Q. (4)

5.5 the equation of the line through Q, parallel

to OP. (3)
[13]
QUESTION 2 KZNM17
In the diagram below, circle with centre C and with equation x2 – 6x – y2 – 4y = 12

cuts the y-axis at A. BA is a tangent to the circle. B lies on the x-axis. BA Y  

α A

B O x

Determine:

2.1 The coordinates of C. (5)

2.2 The coordinates of A. (4)
2.3 The equation of BA. (5)
2.4 The size of  , rounded off to ONE decimal digit. (3)

[17]

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QUESTION 4KZNS17
4.1 In the diagram below, MN is a radius of a circle with centre M(–2 ; 1). The co-ordinates
of N are (2 ; a) and a < 0. The co-ordinates of P are (-2’-7). PQ and PN are tangents to the circle at Q
and N respectively. The coordinates of Q is (–6 ; b). PM is parallel to the y – axis.
y

M(–2; 1)
α
θ x
O
O

Q (–6; b) N(2; a)

P (-2;-7)

4.1.1 Deduce that a = ‒3. Show all your workings. (5)

4.1.2 Determine the equation of the circle. (2)
4.1.3 Calculate the gradient of the tangents at Q and N. (4)
4.1.4 If the angle of inclination of lines PN and PQ are θ and α respectively,
without using a calculator, show that tan2  + tan2 θ = 2. (4)
4.2 The circle defined by (x + 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 16 has centre C and circle defined by
x2 + y2 – 2y = 8 has centre D.

4.2.1 Show that the two circles touch each other internally. (5)

4.2.2 Determine the equation of the common tangent to the circles. (2)
[22]

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ECSS17

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QUESTION 4 GPJ17

In the diagram, a circle centred at E, has the equation of x  y  10x  2 y  m  0 . BED is a diameter
2 2

of the circle and ABC a tangent to the circle at B (–10; –4). The circle cuts the y-axis at D.

A D

x
E

B (–10; –4)

2 2 2
4.1 Rewrite the equation of the circle in the form ( x  a )  ( y  b)  r (3)

4.2 Write down the coordinates of E. (2)

4.3 Calculate the coordinates of D. (2)

4.4 Calculate the value of m. (2)

4.5 Determine the equation of the tangent ABC at B in the form y = mx + c. (5)

4.6 If a circle with equation (𝑥 − 4)2 + 𝑦 2 = 5 and the centre M is drawn on the same
Cartesian plane, determine if the two circles centred at E and M respectively,
will intersect each other. Show ALL calculations. (7)
[21]

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LPS17

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NWS17

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WCS17

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NJ17

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NN17

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KZNJ18

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KZNS18

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ECS18

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QUESTION 4 FSS18

In the diagram below, a circle with diameter NP is given with N(−2; 3) and P(4; −7).

N (–2; 3) Q

x
O

P (4; –7)

Determine:

The equation of the circle in the form: x  a    y  b  r 2 . (5)

2 2
4.1
4.2 The equation of the tangent to the circle at N in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (4)

4.3 The size of NPQ if Q(4; 3) is a point on the circle. (4)

𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 ∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑁
4.4 Calculate the value of: 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 (4)
[17]

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GPS18

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GPS18

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LPS18

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