• Why Virtualization in Cloud Computing ?

Virtualization is very important concept in

cloud computing.
• In cloud computing, a cloud vendor who will
provide cloud services have all physical
resources like server, storage device, network
device etc. and these physical services are
rented by cloud vendors so that user’s will not
worry about these physical services.
 Work of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

• In the case of cloud computing, users store data in the

cloud, but with the help of Virtualization, users have the
extra benefit of sharing the infrastructure.
• Cloud Vendors take care of the required physical resources,
but these cloud providers charge a huge amount for these
services which impacts every user or organization.
• Virtualization helps Users or Organisations in maintaining
those services which are required by a company through
external (third-party) people, which helps in reducing costs
to the company.
• This is the way through which Virtualization works in Cloud
Computing.
• Virtualization allows sharing of a single physical instance of
a resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations at one time.
• It does this by assigning a logical name to physical storage
and providing a pointer to that physical resource on
demand.
• The term virtualization is often synonymous with hardware
virtualization, which plays a fundamental role in efficiently
delivering Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solutions
for cloud computing.
• Moreover, virtualization technologies provide a virtual
environment for not only executing applications but also for
storage, memory, and networking.
 Virtualization in Cloud Computing
• Virtualization is a technique how to separate a service
from the underlying physical delivery of that service.
• It is the process of creating a virtual version of
something like computer hardware.
• It was initially developed during the mainframe era.
• It involves using specialized software to create a virtual
or software-created version of a computing resource
rather than the actual version of the same resource.
• With the help of Virtualization, multiple operating
systems and applications can run on the same machine
and its same hardware at the same time, increasing the
utilization and flexibility of hardware.
• Virtualization is the creation of Virtual Version of something such as
server, desktop, storage device, operating system etc.
• Thus, Virtualization is a technique which allows us to share a single
physical instance of a resource or an application among multiple
customers and an organization.
• Virtualization often creates many virtual resources from one
physical resource.
• Host Machine –
The machine on which virtual machine is going to create is known
as Host Machine.

• Guest Machine –
The virtual machines which are created on Host Machine is called
Guest Machine.
• Host Machine: The machine on which the
virtual machine is going to be built is known as
Host Machine.
• Guest Machine: The virtual machine is
referred to as a Guest Machine.
How does virtualization work in cloud computing?
Virtualization plays a very signigicant role in the cloud computing technology, normally in the cloud

computing, users share the data present in the clouds like application etc, but actually with the help of

virtualization users shares the Infrastructure.

The virtualization process follows the steps listed below:

Hypervisors detach the physical resources from their physical environments.
Resources are taken and divided, as needed, from the physical environment to the various virtual
environments.
System users work with and perform computations within the virtual environment.
Once the virtual environment is running, a user or program can send an instruction that requires extra
resources form the physical environment.
• Virtualization example
• Consider a company that needs servers for three functions:

• Store business email securely

• Run a customer-facing application
• Run internal business applications
• Each of these functions has different configuration requirements:

• The email application requires more storage capacity and a Windows

operating system.
• The customer-facing application requires a Linux operating system and
high processing power to handle large volumes of website traffic.
• The internal business application requires iOS and more internal memory
(RAM).
 Benefits of Virtualization

• More flexible and efficient allocation of

resources.
• Enhance development productivity.
• It lowers the cost of IT infrastructure.
• Remote access and rapid scalability.
• High availability and disaster recovery.
• Pay peruse of the IT infrastructure on demand.
• Enables running multiple operating systems.
 Drawback of Virtualization

• High Initial Investment: Clouds have a very high initial

investment, but it is also true that it will help in
reducing the cost of companies.
• Learning New Infrastructure: As the companies shifted
from Servers to Cloud, it requires highly skilled staff
who have skills to work with the cloud easily, and for
this, you have to hire new staff or provide training to
current staff.
• Risk of Data: Hosting data on third-party resources can
lead to putting the data at risk, it has the chance of
getting attacked by any hacker or cracker very easily.
 Characteristics of Virtualization

• Increased Security: The ability to control the execution of a guest

program in a completely transparent manner opens new
possibilities for delivering a secure, controlled execution
environment. All the operations of the guest programs are generally
performed against the virtual machine, which then translates and
applies them to the host programs.
• Managed Execution: In particular, sharing, aggregation, emulation,
and isolation are the most relevant features.
• Sharing: Virtualization allows the creation of a separate computing
environment within the same host.
• Aggregation: It is possible to share physical resources among
several guests, but virtualization also allows aggregation, which is
the opposite process.
• Types of Virtualization
• Application Virtualization
• Network Virtualization
• Desktop Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• Server Virtualization
• Data virtualization
•
 1. Application Virtualization:
• Application virtualization helps a user to have
remote access to an application from a server.
• The server stores all personal information and
other characteristics of the application but can
still run on a local workstation through the
internet.
• An example of this would be a user who needs to
run two different versions of the same software.
• Technologies that use application virtualization
are hosted applications and packaged
applications.
 2. Network Virtualization:
• The ability to run multiple virtual networks with
each having a separate control and data plan.
• It co-exists together on top of one physical
network.
• It can be managed by individual parties that are
potentially confidential to each other.
• Network virtualization provides a facility to
create and provision virtual networks, logical
switches, routers, firewalls, load
balancers, Virtual Private Networks (VPN), and
workload security within days or even weeks.
 3. Desktop Virtualization:
• Desktop virtualization allows the users’ OS to be
remotely stored on a server in the data center.
• It allows the user to access their desktop virtually,
from any location by a different machine.
• Users who want specific operating systems other
than Windows Server will need to have a virtual
desktop.
• The main benefits of desktop virtualization are
user mobility, portability, and easy management
of software installation, updates, and patches.
 4. Storage Virtualization:
• Storage virtualization is an array of servers that are
managed by a virtual storage system.
• The servers aren’t aware of exactly where their data is
stored and instead function more like worker bees in a
hive.
• It makes managing storage from multiple sources be
managed and utilized as a single repository.
• virtualization software maintains smooth operations,
consistent performance, and a continuous suite of
advanced functions despite changes, breaks down, and
differences in the underlying equipment.
 5. Server Virtualization:
• This is a kind of virtualization in which the masking of
server resources takes place.
• Here, the central server (physical server) is divided into
multiple different virtual servers by changing the identity
number, and processors.
• So, each system can operate its operating systems in an
isolated manner.
• Where each sub-server knows the identity of the central
server. It causes an increase in performance and reduces
the operating cost by the deployment of main server
resources into a sub-server resource.
• It’s beneficial in virtual migration, reducing energy
consumption, reducing infrastructural costs, etc.
 6. Data Virtualization:
• This is the kind of virtualization in which the data
is collected from various sources and managed at
a single place without knowing more about the
technical information like how data is collected,
stored & formatted then arranged that data
logically so that its virtual view can be accessed
by its interested people and stakeholders, and
users through the various cloud services
remotely.
• Many big giant companies are providing their
services like Oracle, IBM, At scale, Cdata, etc.
• Uses of Virtualization
• Data-integration
• Business-integration
• Service-oriented architecture data-services
• Searching organizational data
 Pros of Virtualization in Cloud Computing

• Utilization of Hardware Efficiently –

With the help of Virtualization Hardware is Efficiently used by user as well as Cloud Service Provider. In this
the need of Physical Hardware System for the User is decreases and this results in less costly.In Service
Provider point of View, they will vitalize the Hardware using Hardware Virtualization which decrease the
Hardware requirement from Vendor side which are provided to User is decreased. Before Virtualization,
Companies and organizations have to set up their own Server which require extra space for placing them,
engineer’s to check its performance and require extra hardware cost but with the help of Virtualization the
all these limitations are removed by Cloud vendor’s who provide Physical Services without setting up any
Physical Hardware system.
• Availability increases with Virtualization –
One of the main benefit of Virtualization is that it provides advance features which allow virtual instances
to be available all the times. It also has capability to move virtual instance from one virtual Server another
Server which is very tedious and risky task in Server Based System. During migration of Data from one
server to another it ensures its safety. Also, we can access information from any location and any time
from any device.
• Disaster Recovery is efficient and easy –
With the help of virtualization Data Recovery, Backup, Duplication becomes very easy. In traditional
method , if somehow due to some disaster if Server system Damaged then the surety of Data Recovery is
very less. But with the tools of Virtualization real time data backup recovery and mirroring become easy
task and provide surety of zero percent data loss.
• Virtualization saves Energy –
Virtualization will help to save Energy because while moving from physical Servers
to Virtual Server’s, the number of Server’s decreases due to this monthly power
and cooling cost decreases which will Save Money as well. As cooling cost reduces
it means carbon production by devices also decreases which results in Fresh and
pollution free environment.
• Quick and Easy Set up –
In traditional methods Setting up physical system and servers are very time-
consuming. Firstly Purchase them in bulk after that wait for shipment. When
Shipment is done then wait for Setting up and after that again spend time in
installing required software etc. Which will consume very time. But with the help
of virtualization the entire process is done in very less time which results in
productive setup.
• Cloud Migration becomes easy –
Most of the companies those who already have spent a lot in the server have a
doubt of Shifting to Cloud. But it is more cost-effective to shift to cloud services
because all the data that is present in their server’s can be easily migrated into the
cloud server and save something from maintenance charge, power consumption,
cooling cost, cost to Server Maintenance Engineer etc.
 Types of Server Virtualization

• Types of Server Virtualization

 Types of Server virtualization :
•
• 1. Hypervisor –
A Hypervisor or VMM(virtual machine monitor) is a layer that exists between the
operating system and hardware. It provides the necessary services and features for
the smooth running of multiple operating systems.
It identifies traps, responds to privileged CPU instructions, and handles queuing,
dispatching, and returning the hardware requests. A host operating system also
runs on top of the hypervisor to administer and manage the virtual machines.
• 2. Para Virtualization –
It is based on Hypervisor. Much of the emulation and trapping overhead in
software implemented virtualization is handled in this model. The guest operating
system is modified and recompiled before installation into the virtual machine.
Due to the modification in the Guest operating system, performance is enhanced
as the modified guest operating system communicates directly with the hypervisor
and emulation overhead is removed.
 Server Virtualization

• Server Virtualization is most important part of Cloud Computing. So,

Talking about Cloud Computing, it is composed of two words, cloud and
computing. Cloud means Internet and computing means to solve
problems with help of computers.
• Computing is related to CPU & RAM in digital world.
• Now Consider situation, You are using Mac OS on your machine but
particular application for your project can be operated only on Windows.
• You can either buy new machine running windows or create virtual
environment in which windows can be installed and used.
• Second option is better because of less cost and easy implementation.
This scenario is called Virtualization.
• In it, virtual CPU, RAM, NIC and other resources are provided to OS which
it needed to run. This resources is virtually provided and controlled by an
application called Hypervisor. The new OS running on virtual hardware
resources is collectively called Virtual Machine (VM).
– Virtualization on local machine

Now migrate this concept to data centers where lot of servers (machines
with fast CPU, large RAM and enormous storage) are available. Enterprise
owning data centre provide resources requested by customers as per their
need. Data centers have all resources and on user request, particular
amount of CPU, RAM, NIC and storage with preferred OS is provided to
users. This concept of virtualization in which services are requested and
provided over Internet is called Server Virtualization.
• Figure – Server Virtualization
• 0 seconds of 0 secondsVolume 0%
•
• To implement Server Virtualization, hypervisor is
installed on server which manages and allocates host
hardware requirements to each virtual machine. This
hypervisor sits over server hardware and regulates
resources of each VM. A user can increase or decrease
resources or can delete entire VM as per his/her need.
This servers with VM created on them is called server
virtualization and concept of controlling this VM by
users through internet is called Cloud Computing.
• Advantages of Server Virtualization:
• Each server in server virtualization can be restarted
separately without affecting the operation of other virtual
servers.
• Server virtualization lowers the cost of hardware by
dividing a single server into several virtual private servers.
• One of the major benefits of server virtualization is disaster
recovery. In server virtualization, data may be stored and
retrieved from any location and moved rapidly and simply
from one server to another.
• It enables users to keep their private information in the
data centers.
• Level of Virtualization – Virtualization
Structure / Tools and Mechanism –
• Virtualization of CPU – Memory – I / O Devices
– Virtual Clusters and
• Resource Management – Virtualization for
Data Centre Automation