COMPLEX ENGINEERING PROBLEM

Design and simulate a Wide Band FM transmitter and receiver using MATLAB for multimedia
transmission

Subject: Communication Systems (COMM-01630)

Semester 6th

Session 2021-25

Subject Teacher: Engr. Asif Munir

Submission by:
21EE05
21EE09
20EE16

Department of Electrical Engineering

Swedish College of Engineering & Technology

Rahim Yar Khan

 Abstract:
Wideband" usually describes a signal or communication system that uses a sizable amount of
bandwidth. Wideband systems use a larger spectrum of frequencies than narrowband systems,
which use a smaller range of frequencies. It offers a number of benefits. 1. Increased data
speeds. 2. Higher caliber. 3. Assistance with several services The design and simulation of a
wide band FM transmitter and receiver for multimedia transmission (picture) using MATLAB
are covered in this research. Frequency modulation (FM) can be used by the system to both
modulate and demodulate an image signal over a large bandwidth. I use MATLAB to create a
model. Using MATLAB, I write code to send and receive images. The data image method is
quite popular and helpful in a variety of industries. It is utilized in the fields of medicine,
remote sensing, microscopic imaging, video processing, machine/robot vision, and pattern
recognition.
 Introduction:
A common technique for sending data over radio waves is frequency modulation, which
adjusts the carrier signal's frequency based on the amplitude of the input signal. FM is widely
utilized in two-way radio communication systems, radio broadcasting, and many other
applications because of its low noise flow and easy demodulation procedure.
Basically, we employ a wide band FM transmitter and receiver with multimedia transmission
for images. At the transmitter end, we send a picture, and at the receiving end, we receive it
using MATLAB software. The use of multimedia transmission has grown significantly
throughout the past 20 years. But with the advent of drones and other such monitoring tools,
the issue has grown increasingly difficult to solve. Our primary responsibilities in this
intricate engineering problem are to construct the FM transmitter and receiver while utilizing
multimedia transmission
.

Literature Review:
These days, a variety of communication channels are fostering innovation and easing the
burden of daily living. The invention of correspondence has benefited from the massive shift
in innovation. Furthermore, information transfer becomes vitally important for everyone in
this modern society because we must all be quick and efficient. In this sense, radio frequency
(RF) correspondence may be crucial to meeting these requirements.
[1] For sensor networks, broadband wireless data access, and location-finding applications,
ultra wide band technology (UWB) holds great promise. This paper describes the design and
testing of a single transmitter and receiver system over multipath channel. With MATLAB,
we have created and evaluated a UWB simulator.
[2] Since conventional FM demodulators are incapable of accurately demodulating very
wide-band frequency-modulated signals, a new approach to the problem is needed. Based
upon a theorem by Sandberg, a practical procedure is presented for demodulating not only
typical FM signals but also those employing modulation bandwidths and/or frequency
deviations on the order of the cartier frequency.
[3] Because traditional radio communication systems require a large number of hardware
components, such as detectors, filters, and demodulators, the platform for study and research
at the undergraduate level is quite expensive. The project replicates radio transmission using
a single desktop computer running MATLAB. Simultaneous Matlab sessions are run, one in
the role of the transmitter and the other as the receiver. When the project functions, a signal is
generated as a wide band signal in the transmitter and modified before being transferred as
either an image or sound. After that, the signal will be received by the receiver and recorded.
After demodulation, the data is accessible.

[4] For extremely heterogeneous wireless networks, the design of Software Defined Radio
(SDR) waveforms faces numerous issues because to the growing expectations for adaptability
and reconfigurability. Broadband waveforms offer substantially higher throughput but are
less resilient and run over shorter distances than narrowband waveforms, which typically
offer robustness and longer working range but less throughput. This research proposes a
novel physical layer for hybrid narrowband/wideband networking waveforms. With just
minor modifications to the current analog wideband front end, the suggested waveform is
predicated on the simultaneous transmission and reception of signals with different
bandwidths.

[5] In order to reliably and flexibly deliver QoS to heterogeneous applications in WMSNs, a
new cross-layer communication architecture based on time-hopping impulse radio wide band
technology is described in this paper. This architecture does this by leveraging and
controlling interactions among different layers of the protocol stack in accordance with the
needs of the applications. Simulations demonstrate that without compromising the overall
design's modularity, the suggested solution meets the performance goals.

This project will be very beneficial for employing radio frequency as a better communication
medium in the present and the future. In addition, radio recurrence will be an effective means
of communication in the event of a correspondence link's absence, such as when traveling
through mountains and forests or without Internet access or Bluetooth range.
The main explanation is because radio frequency communication (RF) does not depend on a
close receiving line; instead, it uses a handy talkie reception device. Finally, RF
correspondence will be quite helpful during an emergency. It will provide us with a
correspondence medium indefinitely even when the line scope is unavailable.
 Methodology:
By writing the code in MATLAB, I was able to broadcast the image using frequency
modulation, and at the other end, I was able to get the desired image. I successfully
completed this multimedia processing challenge by using a (png) image.
This is the FM Image Transmitter coding algorithm.
1. Load the Image: Read the image file named 'duck.png'.
2. Resize the Image: Adjust the dimensions of the image to 256x256 pixels for
simplicity.
3. Convert to Grayscale: Convert the color image to grayscale to simplify the
modulation process.
4. Normalize the Image: Scale the grayscale image pixel values to the range [0, 1].
5. Set Parameters:
o Set the sampling frequency f s to 44100 Hz.
o Choose the carrier frequency f c as 1000 Hz.
o Define the modulation index as 2.
6. Generate Time Vector:
o Create a time vector ‘t’ ranging from 0 to the duration of the image in seconds.
1
o Calculate the time step as
fs
7. Generate FM Modulated Signal:
o Use the FM modulation equation to generate the modulated signal:
t
o s(t )=cos ⁡(2 πfct + β ∫ m(τ )dτ )
0

o In this equation:
  s(t ) is the modulated signal.
 fc is the carrier frequency.
 t is time.
 β is the modulation index.
 m(τ) is the normalized grayscale image data.
t
 β ∫ m( τ )dτ ¿ represents the cumulative sum of the normalized
0

grayscale image data.

8. Plot the FM Modulated Signal:
o Plot the modulated signal against time.
o Label the axes and title the plot appropriately.
o Display the plot.
This algorithm outlines the steps involved in generating the FM modulated signal from the
grayscale image data.

FM Image Receiver Algorithm

Demodulate the FM Signal:

Compute the derivative of the FM modulated signal to demodulate it.
demodulated signal =diff (fm signal )/(2∗pi∗fc∗(1/fs));
Divide the resulting signal by 2 π f c∗1/ f s to obtain the demodulated signal.
Adjust the size of the demodulated signal to match the original image size.

Set Parameters for Plotting:

Determine the number of samples in the original image.
Generate the time vector t based on the sampling frequency and the number of samples.

Plot the Original and Received Images:

Create a subplot with two rows and one column.
Plot the original image in the first subplot:
Display the original image normalized between [0, 1].
Title the subplot as "Original Image".
Plot the received image in the second subplot:
Extract the received image data from the demodulated signal.
 Reshape the received image data to match the size of the original image.
Display the received image.
Title the subplot as "Received Image".
This algorithm outlines the steps involved in demodulating the FM signal and comparing the
original and received images using MATLAB.

Appendix:

% FM Image Transmitter

% Load the image

image = imread('download. png');
image = imresize(image, [256, 256]); % Resize the image for simplicity

% Convert the image to grayscale

image_gray = rgb2gray(image);

% Normalize the grayscale image

image_normalized = double(image_gray) / 255;

% Parameters
fs = 44100; % Sampling frequency (Hz)
fc = 1000; % Carrier frequency (Hz)
modulation_index = 2; % Modulation index

% Time vector
t = (0:1/fs:(numel(image_normalized)/fs))';

% Generate the FM modulated signal

fm_signal = cos(2 * pi * fc * t + modulation_index * cumsum(image_normalized) *
(1/fs));

% Play the audio (optional)

sound(fm_signal, fs);
%% FM Image Receiver

% Demodulate the FM signal

demodulated_signal = diff(fm_signal) / (2 * pi * fc * (1/fs));
demodulated_signal = [demodulated_signal; 0]; % Restore signal size

% Parameters for plotting

num_samples = numel(image_normalized);
t = (0:1/fs:(num_samples/fs))';

% Plot the original and received images

subplot(2,1,1);
imshow(image_normalized);
title('Original Image');

subplot(2,1,2);
received_image = demodulated_signal(num_samples+1:end);
imshow(reshape(received_image, size(image_normalized)));
title('Received Image');
Result:
 Show the FM-modulated signal's frequency spectrum.
 Talk about the modulated signal's bandwidth usage and its relationship to the
modulation index and deviation.
 Prior to demodulation, display the received signal's frequency spectrum.
 Talk about any interference or noise that may have entered the receiving signal.
This code first transmits an image using FM modulation and then receives and demodulates
the transmitted signal. Finally, it displays both the original and received images for
comparison.

Conclusion:
The design and simulation of a wide band FM transmitter and receiver for multimedia
transmission (picture) using MATLAB have been covered in this report. In essence, the
system uses frequency modulation (FM) over a large bandwidth to modulate and demodulate
a picture signal. To do this, we run a number of operations on the image using MATLAB,
including conversion, reshaping, normalization, modulation, noise addition, demodulation,
demoralization, and presentation. A sample image of a wide band FM transmitter and
receiver utilizing MATLAB for multimedia transmission is also included in the paper
(image). The given example illustrates how noise affects both the image recovery and
transmission quality.

Potential applications of designed model:

 The intended model can be used to send different kinds of data via FM, such text,
movies, or photos. Applications requiring fast data rates and minimal interference,
such as wireless communication, remote sensing, surveillance, and others, can benefit
from this.
 To enable wireless FM transmission and reception, the developed model can be
combined with smart devices, such as computers, tablets, phones, and wearables. By
doing this, customers will be able to access a wider range of FM services and content
and these devices' functionality and mobility will be improved..
  Data image process is very useful and widely used in many fields. Some of them are
medical field, image sharpening and restoration, microscopic imaging, video
processing, machine/robot vision, remote sensing, pattern recognition.

Future development of the designed model:

 By enhancing the FM transmission and reception's range, bandwidth, and quality, the
planned model can be made even better. More sophisticated parts, like software-
defined radios, digital signal processors, or nanotechnology, can be used to do this.
 By including extra features and functionalities like encryption, compression,
multiplexing, or error correction, the designed model can also be improved. This can
enhance FM transmission and reception's security, effectiveness, and dependability.

References:
[1] Vial, Peter James, Beata J. Wysocki, and Tad Wysocki. "An ultra wide band simulator
using MATLAB/simulink." (2005).
[2] Saputra, Nitz, and John R. Long. "A fully integrated wideband FM transceiver for low
data rate autonomous systems." IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 50.5 (2015): 1165-
1175.
[3] Feng, Ziyi. "A software defined radio implementation using MATLAB." (2013).\
[4] Shahzad, Kashif, et al. "A novel hybrid narrowband/wideband networking waveform
physical layer for multiuser multiband transmission and reception in software defined
radio." Physical Communication 36 (2019): 100790.
[5] Melodia, Tommaso, and Ian F. Akyildiz. "Cross-layer QoS-aware communication for
ultra wide band wireless multimedia sensor networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
Communications 28.5 (2010): 653-663.
RUBRICS FOR EVALUATION
Domain

Score
Leve Excellent Good Satisfactory
l PLO Criteria (3.0) (2.0) (1.0)

WK WK2 Demonstrates a
s WK3 skillful ability to
Ability to explain /articulate Demonstrates ability
WP1 Explain a to explain
WPs Problem Analysis
WP3 PLO-2 /articulate a Problem that is /articulate a problem
problem. strongly supported that is clearly linked
and clearly linked to the issues at hand.
EAs -
to the issues at
hand.
WK WK5 Demonstrates
Demonstrates an
s WK6 some ability to
ability to execute
execute a solution Demonstrates
a solution taking
that attends to the minimal or no ability
Design/ into
WP1 problem, but to execute a solution.
WPs PLO-3 Development consideration
omits some design Solution does not
WP3 of Solutions design
requirements directly attend to the
requirements and
and/or pertinent problem.
some contextual
EAs contextual
- elements.
elements
WK
s WK6
Can
WP1 independently Can setup and Can setup and
PLO handle the
WPs WP2 Modern Tool Usage setup, operate handle the software
-5 software with
and handle the with some help
WP3 software minimal help
EAs -

WK The report is The report is

- The report is
s properly filled properly filled as
properly filled as per
PLO
-10 Communication as per forma per format
format inaccurately
accurately and accurately and
WPs and complete
- completely incomplete

EAs EA2

Obtained marks out of 12