(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY

KEY CONCEPTS
THINGS TO REMEMBER:
1. Right hand & Left hand Derivatives;
f(x)−f(a)
By definition : f ′ (a) = Limit if it
x→a x−a

exist
(i) The right hand derivative of f ′ at x = a
denoted by f ′ (a+ )is defined by:
f(a + h) − f(a)
f ′ (a+ ) = Limit h→0+ ⁡ ,
h
provided the limit exists & is finite.
(ii) The left hand derivative : of f at x = a
denoted by f ′ (a− )is defined by:
f(a − h) − f(a)
f ′ (a− ) = Limit h→0+ ⁡ ,
−h
Provided the limit exists & is finite.
We also write f ′ (a+ ) = f+′ (a)&f ′ (a− ) = f ′ _(a).
This geometrically means that a unique tangent with finite slope can be drawn at x = a as shown
in the figure.
(iii) Derivability & Continuity:
(a) If f ′ (a) exists then f(x) is derivable at x = a ⇒ f(x) is continuous at x = a.
(b) If a function f is derivable at x then f is continuous at x.
f(x+h)−f(x)
For: f ′ (x) = Limit h→0 ⁡ exists.
h
f(x+h)−f(x)
Also f(x + h) − f(x) = ⋅ h[h ≠ 0]
h

Therefore:
f(x + h) − f(x)
Limit h→0 ⁡[f(x + h) − f(x)] = Limit h→0 ⁡ ⋅ h = f ′ (x) ⋅ 0 = 0
h
Therefore Limit⁡[f(x + h) − f(x)] = 0 ⇒ Limit h→0 ⁡ f(x + h) = f(x) ⇒ f is continuous at x.
h→0

Note: If f(x) is derivable for every point of its domain of definition, then it is continuous in that
domain. The Converse of the above result is not true:
"IF 𝐟 IS CONTINUOUS AT 𝐱⁡, THEN 𝐟 IS DERIVABLE AT 𝐱 " IS NOT TRUE.
1
e.g. the functions f(x) = |x|⁡&⁡g(x) = x⁡sin x ; x ≠ 0⁡&⁡g(0) = 0 are continuous at x = 0 but not

derivable at x = 0.

APNI KAKSHA 1
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
Note Carefully:
(a) Let f ′ ⁡+ (a) = p⁡&⁡f ′ ⁡− (a) = q where p⁡&⁡q are finite then:
(i) p = q ⇒ f is derivable at x = a ⇒ f is continuous at x = a.
(ii) p ≠ q ⇒ f is not derivable at x = a ⇒ f is continuous at x = a.
In short, for a function f :
Differentiability ⇒ Continuity ⁡; ⁡ Continuity ⇏ derivability;
Non derivibality ⇏ discontinuous; ⁡ But discontinuity ⇒ Non derivability
(b) If a function f is not differentiable but is continuous at x = a it geometrically
implies a sharp corner at x = a.
3. DERIVABILITY OVER AN INTERVAL:
f(x) is said to be derivable over an interval if it is derivable at each & every point of the interval
f(x) is said to be derivable over the closed interval [a, b] if:
(i) for the points a and b⁡, f ′ (a+)⁡&⁡f ′ (b−) exist &
(ii) for any point c such that a < c < b, f ′ (c+)&f ′ (c−) exist & are equal.
Note:
1. If f(x)⁡&⁡g(x) are derivable at x = a then the functions f(x) + g(x)⁡, f(x) − g(x)⁡, f(x) ⋅ g(x) will
also be derivable at x = a & if g(a) ≠ 0 then the function f(x)/g(x) will also be derivable at x = a.
2. If f(x) is differentiable at x = a⁡&⁡g(x) is not differentiable at x = a, then the product function
F(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x) can still be differentiable at x = a e.g. f(x) = x⁡&⁡g(x) = |x|.
3. If f(x)⁡&⁡g(x) both are not differentiable at x = a then the product function F(x) = f(x) ⋅ g(x) can
still be differentiable at x = a e.g. f(x) = |x|⁡&⁡g(x) = |x|.
4. If f(x)⁡&⁡g(x) both are non-derivable at x = a then the sum function F(x) = f(x) + g(x) may be a
differentiable function. e.g. f(x) = |x|⁡&⁡g(x) = −|x|.
5. If f(x) is derivable at x = a ⇒ f ′ (x) is continuous at x = a.
1
2
e.g. f(x) = [x sin⁡ x if x ≠ 0
0 if x = 0

APNI KAKSHA 2
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
PROFICIENCY TEST
1. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of the function f(x) = sin⁡ x + sin⁡ |x|, x ∈ R. Draw a
rough sketch of the graph of f(x).
2. Examine the continuity and differentiability of f(x) = |x| + |x − 1| + |x − 2|, x ∈ R.
Also draw the graph of f(x).
1 for −∞ < x < 0
π
1 + |sin⁡ x| for 0≤x<2
3. A function f is defined as follows: f(x) = [
π 2 π
2 + (x − ) for ≤x<∞
2 2

Discuss the continuity & differentiability at x = 0⁡&⁡x = π/2.

4. Examine the origin for continuity & derivability in the case of the function f defined by
f(x) = x⁡tan−1 (1/x)⁡, x ≠ 0 and f(0) = 0.
2
5. Discuss the continuity & the derivability of ' f ' where f(x) = degree of (ux + u2 + 2u − 3) at

x = √2
Fill in the blanks:
f(3+h2 )−f(3−h2 )
6. If f(x) is derivable at x = 3⁡&⁡f ′ (3) = 2⁡, then Limit h→0 ⁡ = _________.
2h2

7. If f(x) = |sinx⁡|&⁡g(x) = x 3 then f[g(x)] is _________ & _________ at x = 0. (State continuity and
derivability)
8. Let f(x) be a function satisfying the condition f(−x) = f(x) for all real x. If f ′ (0) exists, then its
value is _________.
x
,x ≠ 0
9. For the function f(x) = [1+e1/x , the derivative from the right , f ′ (0+ ) = _________ & the
0, x = 0
derivative from the left , f ′ (0− ) = _________.
10. The number of points at which the function f(x) = max. {a − x, a + x, b}, −∞ < x < ∞, 0 < a < b
cannot be differentiable is _________.

APNI KAKSHA 3
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-I
1. Given a differentiable function f(x) defined for all real x, and is such that f(x + h) − f(x) ≤ 6h2
for all real h and x. Show that f(x) is constant.

2. Let f(0) = 0 and f ′ (0) = 1. For a positive integer k, show that

1 x x 1 1 1
Limx→0 ⁡ (f(x) + f ( ) + ⋯ … f ( )) = 1 + + + ⋯ … +
x 2 k 2 3 k

1 1
−( + )
3. Let f(x) = xe |x| x , x ≠ 0⁡; f(0) = 0. Test the continuity & differentiability at x = 0.
4. If f(x) = |x − 1|. ([x] − [−x]), then find f ′ (1+ )⁡&⁡f ′ (1− ) where [x] denotes greatest integer
function.
ax 2 − b if |x| < 1
5. If f(x) = [ 1 is derivable at x = 1. Find the values of a&b.
− |x| if |x| ≥ 1

6. Consider the functions f(x) = x 2 − 2x and g(x) = −|x|

Statement-1 : The composite function F(x) = f(g(x)) is not derivable at x = 0.
because
Statement-2 : ⁡F ′ (0+ ) = 2 and F ′ (0− ) = −2.
(A) Statement- 1 is true, statement- 2 is true and statement- 2 is correct explanation for
statement- 1.
(B) Statement- 1 is true, statement- 2 is true and statement- 2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement- 1.
(C) Statement- 1 is true, statement- 2 is false.
(D) Statement- 1 is false, statement- 2 is true.
Select the correct alternative: (More than one are correct)
7. f(x) = |x[x]| in −1 ≤ x ≤ 2, where [x] is greatest integer ≤ x then f(x) is:
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) discontinuous at x = 0
(C) not differentiable at x = 2 (D) differentiable at x = 2
8. f(x) = 1 + x ⋅ [cos⁡ x] in 0 < x ≤ π/2, where [⁡] denotes greatest integer function then,
(A) It is continuous in 0 < x < π/2 (B) It is differentiable in 0 < x < π/2
(C) Its maximum value is 2 (D) It is not differentiable in 0 < x < π/2
9. f(x) = (sin−1 x)2 ⋅ cos⁡(1/x) if x ≠ 0⁡; f(0) = 0⁡, f(x) is:
(A) continuous no where in −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
(B) continuous every where in −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
(C) differentiable no where in −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
(D) differentiable everywhere in −1 < x < 1
APNI KAKSHA 4
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
π π
10. f(x) = |x| + |sinx| in (− 2 , 2 ). It is:

(A) Continuous no where (B) Continuous every where

(C) Differentiable no where (D) Differentiable everywhere except at x = 0
11. If f(x) = 2 + |sin−1 x|⁡, it is:
(A) continuous no where
(B) continuous everywhere in its domain
(C) differentiable no where in its domain
(D) not differentiable at x = 0
12. If f(x) = x 2 . sin⁡(1/x), x ≠ 0 and f(0) = 0 then,
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = 0 (B) f(x) is derivable at x = 0
(C) f ′ (x) is continuous at x = 0 (D) f ′′ (x) is not derivable at x = 0
13. A function which is continuous & not differentiable at x = 0 is:
(A) f(x) = x for x < 0⁡&⁡f(x) = x 2 for x ≥ 0
(B) g(x) = x for x < 0⁡&⁡g(x) = 2x for x ≥ 0
(C) h(x) = x|x|⁡, x ∈ R
(D) K(x) = 1 + |x|⁡, x ∈ R
14. If sin−1 x + |y| = 2y then y as a function of x is:
(A) defined for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (B) continuous at x = 0
dy 1
(C) differentiable for all 𝐱 (D) such that dx = ⁡ for −1 < x < 0
3√1−x2
π
Min. [f(t)⁡/⁡0 ≤ t ≤ x] for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2
15. Let f(x) = cos⁡(x)⁡&⁡H(x) = [π π , then
−x for <x≤3
2 2

(A) H(x) is continuous & derivable in [0,3]

(B) H(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = π/2
(C) H(x) is neither continuous nor derivable at x = π/2
(D) Maximum value of H(x) in [0, 3] is 1

APNI KAKSHA 5
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-II
−1, −2 ≤ x ≤ 0
1. Let f(x) be defined in the interval [−2,2] such that f(x) = [ &
⁡x − 1, 0 < x ≤ 2
g(x) = f(|x|) + |f(x)|. Test the differentiability of g(x) in (−2,2).
2[x]
2. Given f(x) = cos −1 ⁡ (sgn⁡ (3x−[x])) where sgn (.) denotes the signum function & [.] denotes the

greatest integer function. Discuss the continuity & differentiability of f(x) at x = ±1.
3. Examine for continuity & differentiability at the points x = 1⁡&⁡x = 2, the function f defined by
x[x], 0≤x<2
f(x) = [ where [x] = greatest integer less than or equal to x.
(x − 1)[x], 2≤x≤3
e[x]+|x| −2
4. f(x) = x ⋅ ( ) , x ≠ 0⁡&⁡f(0) = −1 where [x] denotes greatest integer
[x]+|x|

less than or equal to x. Test the differentiability of f(x) at x = 0.

|2x − 3|[x] for x ≥ 1
5. Discuss the continuity & the derivability in [0,2] of f(x) = [ πx
sin⁡ 2 for x < 1

where [⁡] denote greatest integer function.

6. If f(x) = −1 + |x − 1|⁡, −1 ≤ x ≤ 3⁡; g(x) = 2 − |x + 1|⁡, −2 ≤ x ≤ 2, then calculate (fog) (x) &
(gof) (x). Draw their graph. Discuss the continuity of (fog) (x) at x = −1 & the differentiability of
(gof) (x) at x = 1.
ax(x − 1) + b when x < 1
7. The function f(x) = [x − 1 when 1 ≤ x ≤ 3
px 2 + qx + 2 when x > 3
Find the values of the constants a, b, p, q so that
(i) f(x) is continuous for all x
(ii) f ' (1) does not exist
(iii) f ′ (x) is continuous at x = 3
a1/x −a−1/x
8. Examine the function, f(x) = x ⋅ a1/x +a−1/x , x ≠ 0(a > 0) and f(0) = 0 for continuity and existence

of the derivative at the origin.

1−x , (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
9. f(x) = [x + 2 , (1 < x < 2) Discuss the continuity & differentiability of
4−x , (2 ≤ x ≤ 4)
y = f[f(x)] for 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.
10. f: R → R be a function satisfying f(x + 2y) = f(x) + f(2y) + 4xy + ex ⋅ e2y − ex − e2y ⁡∀⁡x, y ∈ R.
If f ′ (0) = 1, find f(x) in terms of x.

APNI KAKSHA 6
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
11. Let f(x) be a function defined on (−a, a) with a > 0. Assume that f(x) is continuous at x = 0 and
f(x)−f(kx)
Limx→0 ⁡ = α, where k ∈ (0,1) then compute f ′ (0+ )and f ′ (0− ), and comment upon the
x

differentiability of f at x = 0.
π
x 2 |cos⁡ 2x| if x ≠ 0
12. Consider the function, f(x) = [
0 if x = 0
(a) Show that f ′ (0) exists and find its value (b) Show that f ′ (1/3) does not exist.
(c) For what values of x⁡, f ′ (x) fails to exist.
13. Let f(x) be a real valued function not identically zero satisfies the equation,
f(x + y n ) = f(x) + (f(y))n for all real x⁡&⁡y and f ′ (0) ≥ 0 where n(> 1) is an odd natural number.
Find f(10).
x
14. A derivable function f ∶ R+ → R satisfies the condition f(x) − f(y) ≥ ln y + x − y for every
1
x, y ∈ R+ . If g denotes the derivative of f then compute the value of the sum ∑100
n=1 g ( ). n

15. Suppose that f⁡& g are non constant differentiable, real valued functions on R. If for every
x, y ∈ R, f(x + y) = f(x)f(y) − g(x)g(y)⁡; ⁡g(x + y) = g(x)f(y) + f(x)g(y)⁡&⁡f ′ (0) = 0 then prove
that f 2 (x) + g 2 (x) = 1, ∀⁡x ∈ R.

APNI KAKSHA 7
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-III
|x|
1. Let f(x) = sin⁡ x for x ≠ 0⁡&⁡f(0) = 1 then,

(A) f(x) is continuous & derivable at x = 0

(B) f(x) is continuous & not derivable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0
(D) none
2
−5
[x]+[−x]
( )
a |x|
log a (a|[x] + [−x]|)x ( ) for |x| ≠ 0; a > 1
2. Given = 1
3+a|x|

[0 for x = 0
where [⁡] represents the integral part function, then:
(A) f is continuous but not differentiable at x = 0
(B) f is cont. & diff. at x = 0
(C) the differentiability of 'f ' at x = 0 depends on the value of a
(D) f is cont. & diff. at x = 0 and for a = e only.
3. For what triplets of real numbers (a, b, c) with a ≠ 0 the function
x x≤1
f(x) = [ 2 is differentiable for all real x?
ax + bx + c otherwise
(A) {(a, 1 − 2a, a) ∣ a ∈ R, a ≠ 0} (B) {(a, 1 − 2a, c) ∣ a, c ∈ R, a ≠ 0}
(C) {(a, b, c) ∣ a, b, c ∈ R⁡, a + b + c = 1} (D) {(a, 1 − 2a, 0) ∣ a ∈ R, a ≠ 0}
4. A function f defined as f(x) = x[x] for −1 ≤ x ≤ 3 where [x] defines the greatest integer ≤ x is:
(A) continuous at all points in the domain of f but non-derivable at a finite number of points
(B) discontinuous at all points & hence non-derivable at all points in the domain of f(x)
(C) discontinuous at a finite number of points but not derivable at all points in the domain of f(x)
(D) discontinuous & also non-derivable at a finite number of points of f(x).
5. [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. If f(x) = [x][sin⁡ πx] in (−1,1) then f(x) is:
(A) continuous at x = 0 (B) continuous in (−1,0)
(C) differentiable in (−1,1) (D) none
−x if x<0
6. The function f(x) is defined as follows f(x) = [ x2 if 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 then f(x) is:
x3 − x + 1 if x>1
(A) derivable and continuous at x = 0
(B) derivable at x = 1 but not continuous at x = 1
(C) neither derivable nor continuous at x = 1
(D) not derivable at x = 0 but continuous at x = 1

APNI KAKSHA 8
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
x + {x} + x⁡sin{x} for x ≠ 0
7. If f(x) = [ where {x} denotes the fractional part function, then:
0 for x = 0
(A) ' f ' is continuous & diff. at x = 0 (B) ' f ' is continuous but not diff. at x = 0
(C) ' f ' is continuous & diff. at x = 2 (D) none of these
x
8. The set of all points where the function f(x) = 1+|x| is differentiable is:

(A) (−∞, ∞) (B) [0, ∞) (C) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞) (D) (0, ∞)

9. Let f be an injective and differentiable function such that f(x) ⋅ f(y) + 2 = f(x) + f(y) + f(xy) for
all non negative real x and y with f ′ (0) = 0, f ′ (1) = 2 ≠ f(0), then
(A) x⁡f ′ (x) − 2⁡f(x) + 2 = 0 (B) x⁡f ′ (x) + 2⁡f(x) − 2 = 0
(C) x⁡f ′ (x) − f(x) + 1 = 0 (D) 2⁡f(x) = f ′ (x) + 2
10. Let f(x) = [n + p⁡sinx], x ∈ (0, π), n ∈ I and p is a prime number. The number of points where f(x)
is not differentiable is
(A) p − 1 (B) p + 1 (C) 2p + 1 (D) 2p − 1.
Here [x] denotes greatest integer function.
11. The function f(x) = sin−1 ⁡(cos⁡ x) is:
3π
(A) discontinuous at x = 2π (B) differentiable at x = 2
π
(C) not differentiable at x = (D) differentiable at x = 2π
2

12. f1 (x) = (x 2 − 4)|(x − 2)(x − 3)|; f2 (x) = sin⁡(|x − 2|) − |x − 2|, f3 (x) = tan⁡(|x − 2|) + |x − 2|
How many of the above functions {f1 (x), f2 (x), f3 (x)} are differentiable at x = 2 ?
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
13. Consider the function f(x) = max{||x − 2| − 1|, α}, where, α is some real number. Find the
1
number of values of x ∈ R at which f(x) is non-differentiable if α = 2
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
|x|−x(31/x +1)
14. The function f(x) = , x ≠ 0, f(0) = 0 is:
31/x −1

(A) discontinuous at x = 0
(B) continuous at x = 0 but not differentiable there
(C) both continuous and differentiable at x = 0
(D) differentiable but not continuous at x = 0
15. If f(x) = |1 − x|, then the points where sin−1 ⁡(f|x|) is non-differentiable are:
(A) {0,1} (B) {0, −1} (C) {0,1, −1} (D) None of these

APNI KAKSHA 9
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-IV
1 1
−( + )
1. If f(x) = {x⁡e |x| x , x ≠ 0 then f(x) is [AIEEE 2003]
0⁡ ,x = 0
(A) discontinuous everywhere
(B) continuous as well as differentiable for all x
(C) continuous for all x but not differentiable at x = 0
(D) neither differentiable nor continuous at x = 0
2. If f is a real-valued differentiable function satisfying |f(x) − f(y)| ≤ (x − y)2 , x, y ∈ R and
f(0) = 0, then f(1) equals [AIEEE-2005]
(A) −1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 1
1
3. Suppose f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 and limh→0 h f(1 + h) = 5, then f ′ (1) equals-

[AIEEE-2005]
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
x
4. The set of points where f(x) = 1+|x| is differentiable is– [AIEEE 2006]

(A) (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞) (B) (−∞, ∞)

(C) (0, ∞) (D) (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
5. Let f: R → R be a function defined by f(x) = min{x + 1, |x| + 1}. Then which of the following is
true? [AIEEE 2007]
(A) f(x) ≥ 1 for all x ∈ R (B) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
(C) f(x) is differentiable everywhere (D) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
1
(x − 1)sin (x−1) ⁡ if x ≠ 1
6. Let f(x) = {
0 if x = 1
Then which one of the following is true? [AIEEE 2008]
(A) f is differentiable at x = 0 and at x = 1
(B) f is differentiable at x = 0 but not at x = 1
(C) f is differentiable at x = 1 but not at x = 0
(D) f is neither differentiable at x = 0 nor at x = 1

7. If the function, g(x) = {k√x + 1, 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 is differentiable, then the value of k + m is:

mx + 2, 3 < x ≤ 5
[IIT Mains - 2015]
16 10
(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) (D)
5 3

8. Let S = {t ∈ R ∶ f(x) = |x − π| ⋅ (e|x| − 1)⁡sin|x| is not differentiable at t}. Then the set S is equal
to [IIT Mains - 2018]
(A) {0, π} (B) ϕ (an empty set) (C) {0} (D) {π}

APNI KAKSHA 10
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-V
1. The function f(x) = (x 2 − 1)|x 2 − 3x + 2| + cos⁡(|x|) is NOT differentiable at:
[JEE'99, 2(out of 200)]
(A) -1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
2. Let f: R → R be any function. Define g: R → R by g(x) = |f(x)| for all x. Then g is
[JEE 2000, Screening, 1 out of 35]
(A) onto if f is onto (B) one one if f is one one
(C) continuous if f is continuous (D) differentiable if f is differentiable.

3. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function,

x
, |x| ≥ 1
1+|x|
f(x) = [ x .⁡ [REE,2000,3]
, |x| < 1
1−|x|

4. [JEE 2001 (Screening)]

(a) Let f ∶ R → R be a function defined by , f(x) = max[x, x 3 ]. The set of all points where f(x) is
NOT differentiable is:
(A) {−1,1} (B) {−1,0} (C) {0,1} (D) {−1,0,1}
(b) The left hand derivative of , f(x) = [x]⁡sin(πx) at x = k⁡, k an integer is :
where [⁡] denotes the greatest function.
(A) (−1)k (k − 1)π (B) (−1)k−1 (k − 1)π
(C) (−1)k ⁡kπ (D) (−1)k−1 kπ
(c) Which of the following functions is differentiable at x = 0?
(A) cos⁡(|x|) + |x| (B) cos⁡(|x|) − |x|
(C) sin⁡(|x|) + |x| (D) sin⁡(|x|) − |x|
tan−1 x if |x| ≤ 1
5. The domain of the derivative of the function f(x) = {1
(|x| − 1) if |x| > 1
2

(A) R − {0} (B) R − {1} (C) R − {−1} (D) R − {−1,1} [JEE 2002]
f(1+x) 1/x
6. Let f ∶ R → R be such that f(1) = 3 and f ′ (1) = 6. The Limit X→0 ⁡ ( ) equals
f(1)

(A) 1 (B) e1/2 (C) e2 (D) e3 [JEE 2002]

x+a if x < 0 x+1 if x < 0
7. f(x) = { ⁡ and g(x) = {
|x − 1| if x ≥ 0 (x − 1)2 + b if x ≥ 0
Where a and b are non negative real numbers. Determine the composite function gof. If
(gof) (x) is continuous for all real x⁡, determine the values of a and b. Further, for these values of
a and b, is gof differentiable at x = 0? Justify your answer. [JEE 2002, 5 out of 60]

APNI KAKSHA 11
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
8. If a function f ∶ [−2a, 2a] → R is an odd function such that f(x) = f(2a − x) for x ∈ [a, 2a] and the
left hand derivative at x = a is 0 then find the left hand derivative at x = −a.
[JEE 2003(Mains) 2 out of 60]
9. (a) The function given by y = ||x| − 1| is differentiable for all real numbers except the points
[JEE 2005 (Screening), 3]
(A) {0,1, −1} (B) ±1 (C) 1 (D) -1
(b) If |f(x1 ) − f(x2 )| ≤ (x1 − x2 )2 , for all x1 , x2 ∈ R. Find the equation of tangent to the curve
y = f(x) at the point (1,2). [JEE 2005 (Mains), 2]
10. If f(x) = min. (1, x 2 , x 3 ), then [JEE 2006, 5]
(A) f(x) is continuous ∀⁡x ∈ R
(B) f ′ (x) > 0, ∀⁡x > 1
(C) f(x) is not differentiable but continuous ∀⁡x ∈ R
(D) f(x) is not differentiable for two values of x
(x−1)n
11. Let g(x) = ℓncosm (x−1) ; 0 < x < 2⁡, m and n are integers, m ≠ 0, n > 0 and let p be the left hand

derivative of |x − 1| at x = 1. If Limx→1+ ⁡ g(x) = p, then [JEE 2008, 3]

(A) n = 1, m = 1 (B) n = 1, m = −1 (C) n = 2, m = 2 (D) n > 2, m = n
12. Let f ∶ R → R be a function such that f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), ∀⁡x, y ∈ R. If f(x) is differentiable at
x = 0, then [JEE 2011]
(A) f(x) is differentiable only in a finite interval containing zero
(B) f(x) is continuous ∀⁡x ∈ R
(C) f ′ (x) is constant ∀⁡x ∈ R
(D) f(x) is differentiable except at finitely many points
π π
−x − 2 , x ≤ −2
π
13. If f(x) = −cos⁡ x⁡, − 2 < x ≤ 0, then [JEE 2011]
x − 1, 0<x≤1
{lnx⁡, x>1
(A) f(x) is continuous at x = −π/2 (B) f(x) is not differentiable at x = 0
(C) f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 (D) f(x) is differentiable at x = −3/2
2 π
14. Let f(x) = {x |cos⁡ x | , x ≠ 0, x ∈ R, ⁡ then f is [JEE 2012]
0 x=0
(A) differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2
(B) differentiable at x = 0 but not differentiable at x = 2
(C) not differentiable at x = 0 but differentiable at x = 2
(D) differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2

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(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
15. Let f1 : R → R⁡, f2 : [0, ∞) → R⁡, f3 : R → R and f4 : R → [0, ∞) be defined by
[JEE Advance 2014]
|x| if x < 0⁡ sinx if x < 0
f1 (x) = { x ; ⁡f2 (x) = x 2 ⁡; ⁡f3 (x) = { ⁡;
e if x ≥ 0 x if x ≥ 0
f (f (x)) if x < 0
and f4 (x) = { 2 1
f2 1 (x)) − 1 if x ≥ 0
(f
List-I List-II
(P) f4 is (1) onto but not one-one
(Q) f3 is (2) neither continuous nor one-one
(R) f2 of1 is (3) differentiable but not one-one
(S) f2 is (4) continuous and one-one
Codes:
P Q R S
(A) 3 1 4 2
(B) 1 3 4 2
(C) 3 1 2 4
(D) 1 3 2 4

16. Let f ∶ R → R and g ∶ R → R be respectively given by f(x) = |x| + 1 and g(x) = x 2 + 1.

max {f(x), g(x)} if x ≤ 0
Define h ∶ R → R by h(x) = {
min {f(x), g(x)} if x > 0
The number of points at which h(x) is not differentiable is [JEE Advance 2014]
17. Let g ∶ R → R be a differentiable function with g(0) = 0, g ′ (0) = 0 and g ′ (1) ≠ 0.
x
g(x), x ≠ 0
Let f(x) = {|x| and h(x) = e|x| for all x ∈ R. Let (foh)(x) denote
0, x=0
f(h(x)) and (hof)(x) denote h(f(x)).
Then which of the following is(are) true? [IIT Advance - 2015]
(A) f is differentiable at x = 0
(B) h is differentiable at x = 0
(C) foh is differentiable at x = 0
(D) hof is differentiable at x = 0
18. Let a, b ∈ R and f ∶ R → R be defined by f(x) = a⁡cos⁡(|x 3 − x|) + b⁡|x|sin⁡(|x 3 + x|). Then f is
(A) Differentiable at x = 0 if a = 0 and b = 1 [IIT Advance - 2016]
(B) Differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 0
(C) NOT differentiable at x = 0 if a = 1 and b = 0
(D) NOT differentiable at x = 1 if a = 1 and b = 1

APNI KAKSHA 13
(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
1 1
19. Let f ∶ [− 2 , 2] → R and g ∶ [− 2 , 2] → R be functions defined by [IIT Advance - 2016]

f(x) = [x 2 − 3] and g(x) = |x|f(x) + |4x − 7|f(x)⁡, where [y] denotes the greatest
integer less than or equal to y for y ∈ R. Then
1
(A) f is discontinuous exactly at three points in [− 2 , 2]
1
(B) f is discontinuous exactly at four points in [− 2 , 2]
1
(C) g is NOT differentiable exactly at four points in (− 2 , 2)
1
(D) g is NOT differentiable exactly at five points in (− 2 , 2)

20. Let f: R → R be a differentiable function with f(0) = 1 and satisfying the equation
f(x + y) = f(x)f ′ (y) + f ′ (x)f(y) for all x, y ∈ R. [JEE Advance 2018]
Then, the value of log e (f(4)) is
21. Let f: R → R be a function. We say that f has [JEE Advance 2019]
f(h)−f(0)
PROPERTY 1 if limh→0 exists and is finite, and
√|h|

f(h)−f(0)
PROPERTY 2 if limh→0 exists and is finite.
h2

Then which of the following options is/are correct?

(A) f(x) = x|x| has PROPERTY 2 (B) f(x) = x 2/3 has PROPERTY 1
(C) f(x) = sinx has PROPERTY 2 (D) f(x) = |x| has PROPERTY 1
π π
22. Let f1 : R → R⁡, f2 : (− 3 , 2 ) → R⁡, f3 : (−1, eπ/2 − 2) → R and R 4 : R → R be functions

defined by
2
(i) f1 (x) = sin⁡ (√1 − e−x ), [JEE Advnace 2019]
|sin⁡ x|
if x≠0
(ii) f2 (x) = {tan−1⁡ x , where the inverse trigonometric function tan−1 x assumes
1 if x=0
π π
values in (− 2 , 2 )

(iii) f3 (x) = [sin⁡(log e ⁡(x + 2))], where, for t ∈ R, [t] denotes the greatest integer less than or
equal to t,
1
x 2 sin⁡ (x) if x≠0
(iv) f4 (x) = {
0 if x=0
List-I List-II
(P) The function f1 is (1) NOT continuous at x = 0
(Q) The function f2 is (2) continuous at x = 0 and NOT differentiable at x = 0

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(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
(R) The function f3 is (3) differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative is NOT
continuous at x = 0
(S) The function f4 is (4) differentiable at x = 0 and its derivative is continuous at x = 0
The correct option is:
(A) P → 2⁡; Q → 3⁡; R → 1⁡; S → 4 (B) P → 4⁡; Q → 1⁡; R → 2⁡; S → 3
(C) P → 4⁡; Q → 2⁡; R → 1⁡; S → 3 (D) P → 2⁡; Q → 1⁡; R → 4⁡; S → 3
23. Let the function f: R → R be defined by f(x) = x 3 − x 2 + (x − 1)sinx and g ∶ R → R be an arbitrary
function fg ∶ R → R be the product function defined by (fg)(x) = f(x)g(x). Then which of the
following statements is/are TRUE? [JEE Advanced 2020]
(A) If g is continuous at x = 1, then fg is differentiable at x = 1
(B) If fg is differentiable at x = 1, then g is continuous at x = 1
(C) If g is differentiable at x = 1, then fg is differentiable at x = 1
(D) If fg is differentiable at x = 1, then g is differentiable at x = 1
24. Let f ∶ R → R and g ∶ R → R be functions satisfying [JEE Advanced 2020]
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + f(x)f(y) and f(x) = xg(x)
for all x, y ∈ R. If limx→0 g(x) = 1, then which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
(A) f is differentiable at every x ∈ R
(B) If g(0) = 1, then g is differentiable at every x ∈ R
(C) The derivative f ′ (1) is equal to 1
(D) The derivative f ′ (0) is equal to 1
25. Let the functions f ∶ (−1,1) → R and g ∶ (−1,1) → (−1,1) be defined by[JEE Advanced 2020]
f(x) = |2x − 1| + |2x + 1| and g(x) = x − [x],
where [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x. Let fog ∶ (−1,1) → R be the
composite function defined by (fog)(x) = f(g(x)). Suppose c is the number of points in the
interval (−1,1) at which fog is NOT continuous, and suppose d is the number of points in the
interval (−1,1) at which fog is NOT differentiable. Then the value of c + d is ________.

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(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
ANSWER KEY
PROFICIENCY TEST
1. f(x) is continuous but not derivable at x = 0
2. continuous ∀⁡x ∈ R, not derivable at x = 0,1 & 2
3. continuous but not derivable at x = 0⁡; derivable & continuous at x = π/2
4. continuous but not derivable at x = 0 5. continuous but not derivable at x = √2
6. 2 7. continuous & derivable 8. 0 9. f ′ (0+ ) = 0, f ′ (0− ) = −1
10. 2
EXERCISE-I
3. f is continuous but not derivable at x = 0 4. f ′ (1+ ) = 3, f ′ (1− ) = −1
5. a = 1/2, b = 3/2 6. A 7. A, C 8. A, B 9. B, D
10. B, D 11. B, D 12. A, B, D 13. A, B, D 14. A, B, D 15. A, D
EXERCISE-II
1. not derivable at x = 0⁡&⁡x = 1
2. f is continuous & derivable at x = −1 but f is neither continuous nor derivable at x = 1
3. discontinuous & not derivable at x = 1, continuous but not derivable at x = 2
4. not derivable at x = 0
5. f is continuous at x = 1, 3/2 & discontinuous at x = 2, f is not derivable at x = 1, 3/2, 2
6. (fog)(x) = x + 1 for −2 ≤ x ≤ −1, −(x + 1) for −1 < x ≤ 0⁡&⁡x − 1 for 0 < x ≤ 2.
(fog)(x) is continuous at x = −1, (gof)(x) = x + 1 for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1⁡&⁡3 − x for 1 < x ≤ 3.
(gof)(x) is not differentiable at x = 1
1
7. a ≠ 1, b = 0, p = 3 and q = −1

8. If a ∈ (0,1)⁡f ′ (0+ ) = −1; f ′ (0− ) = 1 ⇒ continuous but not derivable

a = 1; f(x) = 0 which is constant ⇒ continuous and derivable
If a > 1⁡⁡⁡⁡f ′ (0− ) = −1; f ′ (0+ ) = 1 ⇒ continuous but not derivable
9. f is continuous but not derivable at x = 1, discontinuous at x = 2⁡&⁡x = 3. continuous & derivable
at all other points
α
10. f(x) = x 2 + ex ⁡∀⁡x ∈ R 11. f ′ (0) = 1−k

12. (a) f ′ (0) = 0,

1− π 1+ π 1
(b) f ′ ( 3 ) = − 2 and f ′ ( 3 ) = 2 , (c) x = 2n+1 ⁡n ∈ 1

13. f(x) = x ⇒ f(10) = 10 14. 5150

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(MATHEMATICS) DIFFERENTIABILITY
EXERCISE-III
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D
8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. D 14 B
15. C
EXERCISE-IV
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B
8. B
EXERCISE-V
1. D 2. C 3. Discont. hence not deri. at x = 1& − 1. Cont. & deri. at x = 0
4. (a) D, (b) A, (c) D 5. D 6. C 7. a = 1; b = 0⁡(gof)′ (0) = 0
8. f ′ (a− ) = 0 9. (a) A , (b) y – 2 = 0 10. A, C 11. C 12. B, C
13. A, B, C, D 14 B 15. D 16. 3 17. A, D 18. A, B
19. B, C 20. 2 21. B, D 22. D 23. A, C 24. A, B, D
25. 4

APNI KAKSHA 17