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Homework 2

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10 views3 pages

Homework 2

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bmharter
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Homework 2

Benjamin Harter
March 24, 2024

1 Section 2.1
1. (a) Let S(x) stand for “x is a saint” and F (x, y) stand for “x has forgiven
y”. Then:

∀x∃y[S(x) → F (x, y)]

(b) Let C(x) stand for “x is in the Calculus class”, D(x) stand for “x is in
the discrete math class”, and S(x, y) stand for “x is smarter than y”. Then:

¬∃x∀y[C(x) ∧ D(y) → S(x, y)]

(c) Let L(x, y) stand for “x likes y” and M (x) stand for “x is Mary”. Then:

∀x∃y[M (y) → L(x, y) ∧ ¬L(y, y)]

(d) Let P (x) stand for “x is a police officer”, J(x) for “x is Jane”, R(x) for
“x is Roger”, and S(x, y) for “x saw y”. Then:

∃w∃x∃y∃z[J(w) ∧ R(x) ∧ P (y) ∧ P (z) → S(w, y) ∧ S(x, z)]

(e) Using the same definitions as (d):

∃x∃y∃z[J(x) ∧ R(y) ∧ P (z) → S(x, z) ∧ S(y, z)]

2. (a) Let B(x) stand for “xboughtaRollsRoycewithcash” and U (x, y) for


“x is y’s rich uncle”. Then:

∀x∃y[B(x) → U (y, x)]

(b) Let M (x) stand for “x has measles”, (Dx) for “x lives in this dorm”,
F (x, y) for “xisf riendswithy”, and Q(x) for “x must quarantine”. Then:

1
∀x∃y∃z[D(y) ∧ D(z) ∧ M (z) ∧ F (x, y) → Q(x)]

(c) Let F (x) stand for “x failed the test”, A(x) for “x got an A on the test”,
S(x) for “x is a student in this class that took this text”, D(x) for “x got a D
on the test”, and T (x, y) for “x will tutor y”. Then:

∀x[S(x) → ¬F (x)] → ∀y∃z[S(y) ∧ S(z) ∧ A(y) ∧ D(z) → T (y, z)]

(d) Let C(x) stand for “x can do it” and J(x) stand for “x is Jones”. Then:

∃x[C(x)] → ∃y[J(y) ∧ C(y)]

(e) Using the definitions from (d):

∃x[J(x) ∧ C(x)] → ∀y[C(y)]

4. (a) All unmarried men are unhappy. (b) z has a child and sister.

6. (a) There is someone who is everyone’s parent. False


(b) Everybody has a child. False
(c) Nobody has children. False
(d) There are people that don’t have children. True
(e) There are people who are not the other’s parent or child. True

2 Section 2.2
1. (a) Let M (x) stand for “x is a math major”, F (x, y) for “x is friends with
y”, and H(x) for “x needs help with homework”. Then the negation can be
expressed as:

¬∀x∃y[M (x) → F (x, y) ∧ H(y)]

Then:

• ∃x¬∃y[M (x) → F (x, y) ∧ H(y)] (quantif iernegationlaw)


• ∃x∀y¬[M (x) → F (x, y) ∧ H(y)] (quantif iernegationlaw)
• ∃x∀y[¬M (x) ∨ [F (x, y) ∧ H(y)]] (lawof negation)
• ∃x∀y[M (x) → [F (x, y) ∧ H(y)]] (conditionallaw)

2
(b) Let R(x, y) stand for “x and y are roommates” and D(x, y) for “x dislikes
y”. Then the negation can be expressed as:

¬∃x∃y∀z[R(x, y) ∧ D(y, z)]

Then:

• ∃x¬∃y∀z[R(x, y) ∧ D(y, z)] (quantif iernegationlaw)


• ∃x∀y¬∀z[R(x, y) ∧ D(y, z)] (quantif iernegationlaw)
• ∃x∀y∃z¬[R(x, y) ∧ D(y, z)] (quantif iernegationlaw)

• ∃x∀y∃z[¬R(x, y) ∨ ¬D(y, z)] (DeM organ′ sLaw)


• ∃x∀y∃z[R(x, y) → ¬D(y, z)] (conditionallaw)

(c)The negation can be expressed as:


• ¬(A ∪ B ⊆ C \ D)

• ¬∃x[(x ∈ A ∨ x ∈ B) → (x ∈ C ∧ x ̸∈ D)])
• ∀x¬[(x ∈ A ∨ x ∈ B) → (x ∈ C ∧ x ̸∈ D)] (quantif iernegationlaw)
• ∀x¬[¬(x ∈ A ∨ x ∈ B) ∨ (x ∈ C ∧ x ̸∈ D)] (conditionallaw)

• ∀x[(x ∈ A ∨ x ∈ B) ∧ ¬(x ∈ C ∧ x ̸∈ D)] (DeM organ′ slaw)

(d)The negation can be expressed as:


• ¬∃x∀y[y > x → ∃z(z 2 + 5z = y)]

• ∀x¬∀y[y > x → ∃z(z 2 + 5z = y)](quantif iernegationlaw)


• ∀x∃y¬[y > x → ∃z(z 2 + 5z = y)](quantif iernegationlaw)
• ∀x∃y¬[¬y > x ∨ z(z 2 + 5z = y)](conditionallaw)

• ∀x∃y[y > x ∧ ¬z(z 2 + 5z = y)](DeM organ′ slaw)

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