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    1.2.1 Introduction To Section 1.2 Applied Surgical Physiology'

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    Zayan Syed

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    1.2.1 Introduction To Section 1.2 Applied Surgical Physiology'

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    Zayan Syed
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    1.2.1 Introduction to Section 1.2 ‘Applied Surgical Physiology’

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    12 views2 pages

    1.2.1 Introduction To Section 1.2 Applied Surgical Physiology'

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    Zayan Syed

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery

    William E. G. Thomas (ed.) et al.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199665549.001.0001
    Published: 2016 Online ISBN: 9780191810817 Print ISBN: 9780199665549

    CHAPTER

    1.2.1 Introduction to Section 1.2: ‘Applied surgical

    Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/book/31816/chapter/266634324 by University of Sydney user on 25 September 2022


    physiology’ 
    David A. Adams

    https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199665549.003.0007 Page 43
    Published: July 2016

    Abstract
    Knowledge of normal structure and function is essential when trying to understand the consequences
    of disease. This chapter acts as an introduction to the other ten chapters in Section 1.2, which describe
    general physiological principles considered to be important in surgical practice. This chapter
    introduces the topics covered in the following chapters: ‘Metabolic pathways, nutrition, and
    abnormalities’ (Chapter 1.2.2), ‘Blood loss, hypovolaemic shock, and septic shock’ (Chapter 1.2.3),
    ‘Fluid and electrolyte balance and replacement acid–base balance’ (Chapter 1.2.4), ‘Haemostasis and
    thrombosis’ (Chapter 1.2.5), ‘Cardiovascular’ (Chapter 1.2.6), ‘Respiratory’ (Chapter 1.2.7),
    ‘Gastrointestinal’ (Chapter 1.2.8), ‘Urinary’ (Chapter 1.2.9), ‘Endocrine’ (Chapter 1.2.10), and
    ‘Neurology’ (Chapter 1.2.11).

    Keywords: neurology, endocrine, acid–base balance, shock, gastrointestinal, metabolic processes,


    haemostasis, thrombosis, respiratory, cardiovascular
    Subject: Surgery, Urology, Paediatric Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Peri-operative Care, Trauma and
    Orthopaedic Surgery, Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Colorectal Surgery, Surgical Oncology, Neurosurgery,
    Breast Surgery, Transplant Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Surgical Skills
    Series: Oxford Textbooks in Surgery

    Introduction

    Knowledge of normal structure and function is essential when trying to understand the consequences of
    disease. Section 1.2 describes general physiological principles considered to be important in surgical
    practice.

    Chapter 1.2.11 on ‘Neurology’ describes the functional organization of the nervous system—the sensory,
    motor, and autonomic pathways together with the specialized functions such as vision, hearing, and re ex
    arcs.
    The various important endocrine glands including thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, and pancreas are
    described as well as the controlling hypothalamus and pituitary gland in Chapter 1.2.10 (‘Endocrine’).

    The function of the kidneys in maintaining uid and electrolyte haemostasis is outlined together with a
    description of the autoregulation of renal blood ow in Chapters 1.2.4 and 1.2.9(‘Fluid and electrolyte
    balance and replacement: acid–base balance’ and ‘Urinary’).

    Chapter 1.2.8 (‘Gastrointestinal’) contains a description of the function of the system from salivary glands
    to colon and includes the processes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. This is
    augmented by a further chapter dealing with metabolic processes and their regulation (Chapter 1.2.2

    Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/book/31816/chapter/266634324 by University of Sydney user on 25 September 2022


    ‘Metabolic pathways, nutrition, and abnormalities’).

    Fluid and acid–base balance, haemostasis, and thrombosis are important considerations in the surgical
    patient and are covered in Chapter 1.2.3 (‘Blood loss, hypovolaemic shock, and septic shock’) and Chapter
    1.2.5 (‘Haemostasis and thrombosis’).

    Finally, respiratory and cardiovascular issues are frequently the source of di cult decisions about tness
    for surgical intervention. Both are described in detail, in Chapter 1.2.6 (‘Respiratory’) and in particular in
    Chapter 1.2.7 (‘Cardiovascular’), which gives examples of disordered physiology.

    © Oxford University Press

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