UNIT III

MENSURATION
CHAPTER
AREA AND VOLUME
5
5.1 Right Pyramid

PRACTICE 5.1

Read / Understand / Think / Do

Keeping Skill Sharp
1. (a) Write the formula to calculate the volume of a pyramid when its height and the base area
are given.
(b) Write the formula to calculate the volume of a squared pyramid when its height and
length of base are given.
(c) What is the formula to calculate the lateral surface area of a pyramid when its slant
height and length of base are given?
(d) What is the total surface area of a squared pyramid having slant height l cm and base
length a cm?
(e) Write down the relation among base length ‘a’ vertical height h and slant height l of a
square base pyramid.
(f) Write down the relation among the vertical height ‘h’ base diagonal; ‘d’ and edge ‘e’ of a
square pyramid.
Solution:
1
(a) Volume of Pyramid (V) = × A × h,
3
Where, A = Base area and h = height of pyramid
1
(b) Volume of Pyramid (V) = × a2 × h,
3
Where, a = length of base and h = height of pyramid
(c) Lateral Surface Area of Pyramid (LSA) = 2aℓ
Where, a = length of base and l = slant height of pyramid
(d) Total Surface Area of pyramid (TSA) = 2aℓ + a 2
Where, a = length of base and l = slant height of pyramid

1
 l2 = h2 +
a2 1 2 2
(e)
2 or l = 2 4h +a
Where, a = length of base, h = height of pyramid and l = slant height of pyramid
(f) e2 = h2 +   or e =
d 2 1 2 2
4h +d
2 2
Where, d = diagonal of base, h = height of pyramid and e = edge of pyramid
2. Circle () the correct answer.
(a) The formula to calculate the volume of a squared base pyramid of the height b cm and
base side a cm ............ .
1
(i) V = ab cm2 (ii) V = ab cm3 (iii) V = a2b cm3 (iv) V = a2b cm3
3
(b) Which is the correct relation between the base length ‘a’ vertical height 'h' and slant
height 'l' of a squared base pyramid ?

l2 – 
a 2 1
(i) h = 2 2
(iii) a = 2 l2 – h2
2 (ii) l = 2 4h + a (iv) All of the above
(c) The relation between base length 'a', slant height 'l' and edge ‘e’ of a squared pyramid
......... .

e2 – 
a2
l2 +  
a 2
(i) l = (ii) a = 2 e2 – l2 (iii) e = (iv) All of the above
2 2
(d) In the right squared base pyramid, the vertical height is 4 cm, side length of square base
is 6 cm. What is its slant height ?
(i) 4 cm (ii) 12 cm (iii) 24 cm (iv) 5 cm
(e) What is the volume of a pyramid whose base area is 60 cm2 and vertical height, 8 cm ?
(i) 160 cm2 (ii) 160 cm3 (iii) 480 cm3 (iv) 480 cm2
(f) What is the lateral surface area of a pyramid whose base length is 10 cm and slant height
10 cm ?
(i) 1000 cm2 (ii) 100 cm2 (iii) 200 cm2 (iv) 50 cm2
(g) What is the total surface area of a pyramid whose base length is 5 ft and slant height 10
ft?
(i) 120 ft2 (ii) 150 cm2 (iii) 500 ft2 (iv) 125 ft2
Solution:
(a) (iv) (b) (iv) (c) (iv) (d) (i)
(e) (ii) (f) (iii) (g) (iv)
Check Your Performance
Answer the given questions for each problem.
3. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

2
 (a) Define a pyramid.
(b) Find the vertical height of each pyramid.
(c) Find the lateral surface area, total surface area and volume for each pyramid.
Solution:
(a) A monumental structure with polygon base and sloping its sides meet in a point at the top is
called pyramid.
(i) (b) To find the vertical height of pyramid
Here,
Length of base (a) = 18 cm
Slant height (ℓ) = 15 cm
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
We know that,

2 – 
a 2
152 –   = 225 – 81 = 144 = 12 cm
18 2
h = =
2 2
(c) To find the Lateral Surface Area (LSA), Total Surface Area (TSA) and Volume(V) of pyramid
Here,
Length of base (a) = 18 cm
Slant height (ℓ) = 15 cm
Vertical height (h) = 12 cm
We know that,
LSA = 2aℓ = 2 × 18 × 15 = 540 cm2
Again,
TSA = 2aℓ + a2
= 2 × 18 × 15 + 182 = 540 + 324 = 864 cm2
1 1
V = a2h = ×182 × 12 = 1296 cm3
3 3
(ii) (b) Here,
Length of base (a) = 15 cm
Breadth of base (b) = 6 cm
Height of cuboid = Height of pyramid (h) = 15 cm
(c) For slant heights;

h2 + 
a 2
122 + 
152
a =
2 =  2  = 144 + 56.25 = 200.25 = 14.15 cm
h2 + 
a 2
122 + 
62
b =
2 = 2 = 144 + 9 = 153 = 12.37 cm
We know that,
LSA = a.ℓa+ b.ℓb
= 15 × 14.5 + 6 × 12.37 = 217.5 + 74.22 = 291.72 cm2
Again,
TSA = a.ℓa + b.ℓb + ab
= 15 × 14.5 + 6 × 12.37 + 15 × 6 = 217.5 + 74.22 + 90 = 381.72 cm2
1 1
V = a.b.h = × 15 × 6 × 12 = 360 cm3
3 3

3
(iii) (b) Here,
Length of base (a) = 16.5 cm
Edge (e) = 20.3 cm
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
We know that,
1 1
h = 2e2 – a2 = 2 × 20.32 – 16.52
2 2
1 1
= 824.18 – 272.25 = 551.93 = 275.965 = 16.61 cm
2 2
(c) For slant height (ℓ);
1 1 1
 = 4h2 + a2 = 4 × 16.612 + 16.52 = 1103.5684 + 272.25
2 2 2
1 1
= 1375.8184 = × 37.09 = 18.55 cm
2 2
Now, we know that,
LSA = 2aℓ = 2 × 16.5 × 18.55 = 612.15 cm2
Again, TSA = 2aℓ + a2 = 2 × 16.5 × 18.55 + 16.52 = 612.15 + 272.25 = 884.4 cm2
1 1
V = a2h = × 16.52 × 16.61 = 1507.36 cm3
3 3
(iv) (b) Here,
Edge of pyramid (e) = 10 cm
Slant height (ℓ) = 8 cm
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
For, length of pyramid (a)
We know that,
a = 2 e2 – 2 = 2 102 – 82 = 2 100 – 64 = 2 36 = 2 × 6 = 12 cm

2 – 
a 2
82 – 
122
Now, h =
2 =  2  = 64 – 36 = 28 = 5.29 cm
(c) We know that,
LSA = 2aℓ = 2 × 12 × 8 = 48 cm2
Again, TSA = 2aℓ + a2 = 2 × 12 × 8 + 122 = 48 + 144 = 192 cm2
1 1
V = a2h = × 122 × 5.29 = 253.92cm3
3 3
4. (i) Observe the given square pyramid.
(a) Why is the given pyramid a right pyramid ?
(b) Find the vertical height of the given pyramid.
(c) Find its slant height.
(d) Find its lateral surface area.
(ii) Observe the given pyramid.
(a) Why is the given pyramid a square pyramid ?
(b) Find the slant height of the given pyramid.
(c) Find its vertical height.
(d) Find its volume.

4
 (iii) Observe the given right pyramid.
(a) Compute the slant height of the given pyramid.
(b) Find the edge of the given pyramid.
(c) Find its vertical height.
(d) Find its volume.
Solution:
(i) (a) The given pyramid is a right pyramid because its height is perpendicular to its base
surface at its center.
(b) To find the vertical height
Here,
Volume of pyramid (V) = 400 cm3
Length of base of pyramid (a) = 10 cm
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
We know that,
1
V = × a2 × h
3
1
Or, 400 = × 102 × h
3
Or, 400 × 3 = 100 × h
Or, h = 12 cm

h2 + 
a
122 + 
2 10 2
(c) =
2 =  2  = 144 + 25 = 169 = 13 cm
(d) LSA = 2a = = 2 × 10 × 13 = 260 cm2
(ii) (a) The given pyramid is a square pyramid because its base is square in shape.
(b) Here,
Length of base of pyramid (a) = 12 cm
Lateral Surface Area (LSA) = 240 cm2
To find: Slant height (ℓ) = ?
We know that,
LSA = 2a
or, 240 = 2 × 12 × 
or,  = 10 cm

2 – 
a
102 – 
2 12 2
(c) Vertical height (h) =
2 =  2  = 100 – 36 = 64 = 8 cm
1 1
(d) Volume of pyramid (V) = × a2 × h = × 122 × 8 = 384 cm3
3 3
(iii) (a) Here,
Length of base of pyramid (a) = 14 cm
Total Surface Area of pyramid (TSA) = 476 cm2
To find: Slant height (ℓ) = ?
We know that,
TSA of pyramid = 2aℓ +a2
Or, 476 = 2×14× ℓ + 142

5
 Or, 476 = 28 ℓ + 196
Or 280 = 28 ℓ
Or, ℓ = 10 cm

2 + 
a 2
102 + 
142
(b) Edge of the pyramid (e) =
2 =  2  = 100 + 49 = 149 = 12.21cm
2 – 
a 2
102 – 
142
(c) Vertical height of the pyramid (h) =
2 = 2
= 100 – 49 = 51 = 7.14 cm
1 1
(d) Volume of pyramid (V) = × a2 × h = × 142 × 7.14 = 466.48 cm3
3 3
5. (i) (a) If the base area of a pyramid is 45 cm2 and its height is 9 cm, find its volume.
(b) Find the volume of a pyramid inscribed in a cube with base area 100 cm2.
(c) If the volume of a pyramid with squared base area 2.25 m2 is 6.75 m3, find its height.
Solution:
(i) (a) Here,
Base area of pyramid (A) = 45 cm2
Height of pyramid (h) = 9 cm
To find: Volume of pyramid (V) = ?
Now, we know that,
1 1
V = × A × h = × 45 × 9 = 135 cm3
3 3
(b) Here,
Base area of pyramid (A) = 100 cm2
or, a2 = 100 cm2
 a = 10 cm
Height of pyramid (h) = 10 cm [∵ as inscribed in cube of side (a) = 10 cm]
To find: Volume of pyramid (V) = ?
Now, we know that,
1 1
V = × A × h = × 100 × 10 = 333.33 cm3
3 3
(c) Here,
Area of base of pyramid (A) = 2.25 m2
Volume of pyramid (V) = 6.75 cm3
To find: The height of pyramid (h) = ?
Now, we know that,
1
V= ×A×h
3
1
or, 6.75 = × 2.25 × h
3
 h = 9 cm
(ii) (a) If the height of a pyramid with squared base area 64 cm2 is 8 cm, find its slant
height.
(b) If the height of a square pyramid with volume 384 cm3 is 8 cm, find its slant height.

6
 (c) If the base area of a square pyramid of volume 1000cm3 is 100cm2, find its slant
height.
Solution:
(ii) (a) Here,
Squared based area (A) = 64 cm2
Height of square pyramid (h) = 8 cm
To find: slant height of square pyramid (ℓ) = ?
First, we find the base length of square pyramid
A = a2
or, 64 = a2
 a = 8 cm

h2 + 
a 2
82 + 
82
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 80 = 8.94 cm

(b) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 384 cm3
Height of square pyramid (h) = 8 cm
To find: slant height of square pyramid (ℓ) = ?
First, we find the base length (a) of square pyramid
1
V= × a2 × h
3
1
or, 384 = × a2 × 8
3
or, a2 = 144
or, a = 12 cm

h2 + 
a
82 + 
2 12 2
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 100 = 10 cm
(c) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 1000 cm3
Base area of square pyramid (A) = 100 cm2
To find: slant height of square pyramid (ℓ) = ?
First, we find the base length (a) of square pyramid
A = a2 or, 100 = a2  a = 10 cm
Secondly, we find the vertical height (h) of square pyramid
For, we have
1 1
V= × A × h or, 1000 = × 100 × h  h = 30 cm
3 3

h2 + 
a 2
302 + 
102
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 925 = 30.41 cm

7
 (iii) (a) If the volume of a square pyramid with base side 16 cm is
1536 cm3, find its slant height.
(b) If the volume of a square pyramid having height 12 cm is 900
cm3, find its length of base side.
(c) If the volume of a square pyramid having base side 24 cm is
5760 cm3, find its length of slant height.
Solution:
(iii) (a) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 1536 cm3
Base length of square pyramid (a) = 16 cm
To find: slant height of square pyramid (ℓ) = ?
First, we find the vertical height (h) of square pyramid
For, we have
1
V= × a2 × h
3
1
or, 1536 = × 162 × h
3
 h = 18 cm

h2 + 
a
162 + 
2 18 2
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 337 = 18.36 cm
(b) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 900 cm3
Vertical height of square pyramid (h) = 12 cm
To find: base length (a) = ?
We know that,
1 1
V= × a2 × h or, 900 = × a2 × 12 or, a2 = 225
3 3
 a = 15 cm
(c) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 5760 cm3
Base length of square pyramid (a) = 24 cm
To find: slant height of square pyramid (ℓ) = ?
First, we find the vertical height (h) of square pyramid
For, we have
1
V= × a2 × h
3
1
or, 5760 = × 242 × h
3
 h = 30 cm

h2 + 
a 2
302 + 
242
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
  =
2 2
= 1024 = 32.31 cm

8
6. (i) Find the slant height of the adjoining square pyramid with volume 243 cm3 in cube.
(ii) Find the slant height of the adjoining square pyramid with volume 486 cm3 whose height
is double of the base side.
Solution:
(i) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 243 cm3
To find: Slant height of pyramid (ℓ) = ?
For, we find length of side of square pyramid (a),
As we know,
the volume of cube = 3 × Volume of pyramid in cube
Or, a3 = 3 × 243 cm3
Or, a3 = 729 cm3
Or, a = 9 cm
Since, the pyramid is in cube the vertical height of pyramid = a = 9 cm

h2 + 
a 2
92 + 
92
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 101.25 = 10.06 cm
(ii) Here,
Volume of square pyramid (V) = 486 cm3
Vertical height (h) is double of base length (a)
i.e. h = 2 × a
To find: Slant height of pyramid (ℓ) = ?
For, we find length of side of square pyramid (a),
As we know,
1
Volume of pyramid (V) = × a2 × h
3
1
Or, 486 = × a2 × 2a
3
Or, 729 = a3
Or, a = 9 cm
Since, h = 2a = 2×9 = 18 cm

h2 + 
a 2
182 + 
92
Now, slant height of square pyramid () =
2 = 2
= 344.25 = 18.55cm
7. (i) The total surface area of a squared base pyramid with base side 6 cm is 96 cm 2.
(a) Find its slant height. (b) Find its height. (c) Find its volume.
(ii) The lateral surface area of a square pyramid with base side 8 cm is 80 cm2.
(a) Find its slant height. (b) Find its height. (c) Find its volume.
Solution:
(i) Here,
Total Surface Area of square based pyramid (TSA) = 96 cm2
Base side of square based pyramid (a) = 6 cm
(a) Now, we have,

9
 TSA = 2aℓ + a2
or, 96 = 2 × 6 ×  + 62
or, 96 = 12 + 36
or, 60 = 12
  = 5 cm

2 – 
a
52 – 
2 6 2
(b) Height (h) of pyramid (h) =
2 = 2 = 16 = 4 cm
1 1
(c) Volume of pyramid (V) = × a2 × h = × 62 × 4 = 48 cm3
3 3
(ii) Here,
Lateral Surface Area of square based pyramid (LSA) = 80 cm 2
Base side of square based pyramid (a) = 8 cm
(a) Now, we have,
LSA = 2a
or, 80 = 2 × 8 × 
or, 80 = 16
  = 5 cm

2 – 
a
52 – 
2 8 2
(b) Heightof pyramid (h) =
2 = 2 = 9 = 3 cm
1 1
(c) Volumeof pyramid (V) = × a2 × h = × 82 × 3 = 64 cm3
3 3
8. (i) A girl plans to construct a temporary tunnel in the shape of square pyramid by using
plywood. She needs the height of the tunnel 4 m and the length of side on the ground 6 m.
(a) Find the lateral surface area of the tunnel.
(b) How much quantity of air is contained in it? Find.
(ii) In a marriage ceremony of Dolma's daughter, there was arrangement for accommodation
of 200 persons. For this purpose, she plans to build a pyramid shaped tent such that each
person must have 4 sq. ft. of the space of ground and 10 cubic ft. of air to breath in
average.
(a) What should be the height of the tent? Find it.
(b) Find the lateral surface area of the tent.
Solution:
(i) Here,
Length of base side of square based pyramid (a) = 6 m
Height of square based pyramid (h) = 4 m
(a) Now,

h2 + 
a 2
42 + 
62
Slant height () =
2 = 2 = 25 = 5 m
 Lateral Surface Area (LSA) = 2a = 2 × 6 × 5 = 60 m2
(b) The quantity of air (c) To find the T
1 1 At First, Are
i.e. Volume (V) = × a2 × h = × 62 × 4 = 48 m3
3 3 i.e. A = 2 ×
Per unit squ
10 Now, Total
(ii) Here,
Number of persons = 200
Space for per person on ground = 4 ft2
Area of base required (A) = 200 × 4 = 800 ft 2
Average air needed per person = 10 ft3
Volume inside the tent required (V) = 200 × 10 = 2000 ft 3
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
Lateral Surface Area of Tent (LSA) = ?
cost to cover at the rate of Rs. 50/ft2
(a) Now, we have,
1
V= ×A×h
3
1
or, 2000 = × 800 × h
3
or, h = 7.5 ft
(b) To find Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of tent
At first, base length (a),
We have,
Area of square base (A) = a2
or, 800 = a2
 a = 28.28 ft
Secondly,

h2 + 
a
(7.5)2 + 
2 28.28 2
Slant height () =
2 =  2 
= 56.25 + 199.94 = 16.005 ft
Now, LSA = 2a = 2 × 28.28 × 16.005 = 905.24 ft2 (
c
)

To calculate the
At First, Area t
Per unit square
Now, Total cos

11
 5.2 Right Cone

PRACTICE 5.2
Read / Understand / Think / Do
Keeping Skill Sharp
1. (a) Define a right cone.
(b) Write the formula to compute the volume of a cone when its height and base area are
given.
(c) Write the formula to compute the volume of a cone when its height and radius of the base
are given.
(d) What is the curved surface area of a cone having the slant height ‘l’ cm and radius ‘r’ cm
of the base?
(e) Write down the relation between the height, slant height and radius of a cone.
Solution:
(a) When the vertical height of the cone is perpendicular to the center of its circular base then the
cone is called a right cone.
1
(b) Volume of cone (V) = × A × h, where r = radius of cone, and A = base area.
3
1 2
(c) Volume of cone (V) = πr h, where r = radius of cone, and h = height of cone.
3
(d) Curved Surface Area (CSA) = πrℓ, where r = radius of cone, and ℓ = slant height of cone
(e)  = h2 + r2 , where r = radius of cone, h = height of cone and ℓ = slant height of cone
2. Circle () the correct answer.
(a) The volume of a right cone of the height b cm and base side a cm ............ .
1 1
(i) V = ab2 cm2 (ii) V = ab2 cm3 (iii) V = a2b cm3 (iv) V = a2b cm3
3 3
(b) Which is the correct relation between the radius 'r', vertical height 'h' and slant height 'l'
of a squared base cone?
(i) l = h2 + r2 (ii) l = r2 – h2 (iii) l = h2 – r2 (iv) l = h2 + r2
2
(c) In the right cone, the vertical height is 4 cm and base area is 42 cm . What is its volume?
(i) 84 cm3 (ii) 168 cm3 (iii) 56 cm3 (iv) 24 cm3
(d) What is the curved surface area of a right cone having radius 7 cm and slant height 13
cm?
(i) 386 cm3 (ii) 168 cm2 (iii) 186 cm2 (iv) 286 cm2
(e) The volume of a right cone of the base area 25 cm2 is 75 cm3. What is its height?
(i) 9 cm (ii) 18 cm (iii) 6 cm (iv) 12 cm
(f) The CSA of a right cone of the base radius 7 cm is 176 cm2. What is its slant height?
(i) 4 cm (ii) 7 cm (iii) 8 cm (iv) 10 cm
Solution:
(a) (iv) (b) (i) (c) (iii) (d) (iv)
(e) (i) (f) (iii)

12
Check Your Performance
Answer the given questions for each problem.
3. Observe the following cones:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(a) Write the definition of a cone.

(b) Find the unknown parts of the given cone.
(c) Find the curved surface area, total surface area and volume for each cone.
Solution:
(a) A circular base pyramid is called a cone.
(i) (b) Here,
Radius of cone (r) = 5cm
Vertical height (h) = 12 cm
 Slant height () = h2 + r2 = 122 + 52 = 169 = 13 cm
22
(c) Now, CSA = πr = × 5 × 13 = 204.29 cm2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 5 × (5 + 13) = 282.86 cm2
7
1 1 22
Volume (V) = × πr2h = × × 52 × 12 = 314.16 cm3
3 3 7
(ii) (b) Here,
Slant height (ℓ) = 2√3 cm
Vertical height (h) = 3 cm
 Radius (r) =2 – h2 = (2 3)2 – 32 = 3 cm
22
(c) Now, CSA = πr = × 3 × 2 3 = 18.86 cm2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 3 × ( 3 + 2 3 ) = 28.29 cm2
7
1 1 22
Volume (V) = × πr2h = × × ( 3 )2 × 3 = 9.42 cm3
3 3 7
(iii) (b) Here,
Slant height (ℓ) = 5 2 cm
Radius (r) = 5 cm
Vertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = (5 2)2 – 52 = 25 = 5 cm
22
(c) Now, CSA = πr = × 5 × 5 2 = 111.12 cm2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 5 × (5 + 5 2 ) = 189.69 cm2
7
1 1 22
Volume (V) = × πr2h = × × 52 × 5 = 130.95 cm3
3 3 7

13
 (iv) (b) Here,
Circumference of base (C) = 22 ft
i.e. 2πr = 22
22
or, 2 × × r = 22
7
 r = 3.5 cm
Slant height () = 9 ft
Vertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = 92 – 3.52 = 2097.75 = 8.29 ft
22
(c) Now, CSA = πr = × 3.5 × 9 = 99 ft2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 3.5 × (3.5 + 9) = 137.5 ft2
7
1 1 22
Volume (V) = × πr2h = × × 3.52 × 8.29 = 106.39 ft3
3 3 7
4. (i) (a) The volume of a cone is 1848 cm3. If the radius of its circular base is 14 cm, find the
height of the cone.
(b) The height of the right circular cone is 50 cm and its volume is 23100 cm3. What is
the radius of the base of the cone?
Solution:
(a) Here, Volume of cone (V) = 1848 cm3
Radius of cone (r) = 14 cm
To find: Height of cone (h) = ?
1
Now, V = × πr2h
3
1 22
or, 1848 = × × 142 × h
3 7
1848 × 3 × 7
or, h =
22 × 196
 h = 9 cm
(b) Here,
Height of cone (h) = 50 cm
Volume of cone (V) = 23100 cm3
To find: Radius of cone (r) = ?
1
Now, V = × πr2h
3
1 22 2
or, 23100 = × × r × 50
3 7
23100 × 3 × 7
or, r2 =
22 × 50
or, r = 441
 r = 21 cm

14
(ii) (a) The radius and height of a right cone are equal. If its volume is 9702 cm3, find the
circumference of its circular base.
(b) The volume of a right cone is 8624 cm3. If its diameter and height are equal, what
will be the whole surface area of the cone?
Solution:
(a) Here,
The radius (r) and height (h) of a right cone are equal  i.e. r = h
Volume of cone (V) = 9702 cm3
To find: circumference of base of cone (C) = ?
Now, we know that,
1
V = × πr2h
3
1 22 2
or, 9702 = × ×r ×r
3 7
9702 × 3 × 7
or, r3 =
22

 r = 21 cm
3
or, r = 9261
22
 C = 2πr = 2 × × 21 = 132 cm
7
(b) Here,
The diameter (d) and height (h) of a right cone are equal  i.e. d = h  2r = h
Volume of cone (V) = 8624 cm3
To find: Total Surface Area of cone (TSA) = ?
Now, we know that,
1
V = × πr2h
3
1 22 2
or, 9702 = × × r × 2r
3 7
8624 × 3 × 7
or, r3 =
22 × 2


3
or, r = 4116 r = 16.03 cm
Hence, h = d = 2r = 2 ×16.03 = 32.06
Slant height () = h2 + r2 = (32.06)2 + (16.03)2
= 1027.84 + 256.83 = 1284.67 = 35.84 cm
22
 TSA = πr(r + ) = × 16.03 × (16.03 + 35.84) = 2618.25 cm2
7
(iii) (a) A cone having radius 70 m has a curved surface area 33000 m2. Find its volume.
(b) A cone of slant height 25 cm has a curved surface area 550 cm2. Find its volume.
Solution:
(a) Here,
Radius of cone (r) = 70 m
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 33000 m2

15
 To find: Volume of cone (V) = ?
At first, for slant height (),
Now, we have,
CSA = πr
22
or, 33000 = × 70 ×    = 150 m
7
Secondly, for vertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = 1502 – 702
= 22500 – 4900 = 17600 = 132.66 m
1 2 1 22
Finally, Volume (V) = πr h = × × 702 × 132.66 = 680988 m3
3 3 7
(b) Here,
Slant height of cone () = 25 cm
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 550 cm2
To find: Volume of cone (V) = ?
Now, we have,
CSA = πr
22
or, 550 = × r × 25  r = 7 cm
7
 Hertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = 252 – 72 = 625 – 49 = 576 = 24 cm
1 1 22
Hence, volume (V) = πr2h = × × 72 × 24 = 1232 cm3
3 3 7
5. (i) The curved surface area of a conical shelter with slant height 50 ft is 220 ft2.
(a) Find the radius of the base.
(b) Find the height of the roof.
(c) Find its volume.
(ii) The curved surface area of a cone with base radius 7 cm is 550 sq. cm.
(a) Find the slant height of the cone.
(b) Find its height.
(c) Find its volume.
Solution:
(i) Here, Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 50 ft
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 2200 ft2
(a) Now, we have,
CSA = πr
22
or, 2200 = × r × 50  r = 14 ft
7
(b) Vertical height (h) of roof, h =2 – r2 = 502 – 142 = 250 – 196 = 2304 = 48 ft
1 1 22
(c) Volume (V) of conical shelter, V = πr2h = × × 142 × 48 = 9856 ft3
3 3 7
(ii) Here, Radius of cone (r) = 7 ft
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = 550 ft2
(a) Now, we have,

16
 CSA = πr
22
or, 550 = × 7 ×    = 25 ft
7
(b) Vertical height (h) of roof, h = 2 – r2 = 252 – 72 = 625 – 49 = 576 = 24 ft
1 1 22
(c) Volume (V) of conical shelter, V = πr2h = × × 72 × 24 = 1232 ft3
3 3 7
1
6. (i) If the total surface area of a cone whose base circumference 22 m is 148 2 sq.m, find the
slant height of the cone.
(a) Find the slant height of the base.
(b) Find the height of the cone.
(c) Find its volume.
Solution:
(i) Here, Base circumference (C) = 22m
i.e. 2πr = 22
22
or, 2 × × r = 22  r = 3.5 m
7
1 2
(a) Total Surface Area (TSA) = 148 m
2
TSA = πr(r + )
1 22
or, 148 = × 3.5 × (3.5 + )
2 7
7
or, 148.5 × = 3.5 + 
22 × 3.5
or, 13.5 = 3.5 +    = 10 m
(b) Height (h) of cone (h) =  – r = 10 – 3.52 = 100 – 12.25 = 87.75 = 9.37 m
2 2 2

1 1 22
(c) Volume (V) of cone (V) = πr2h = × × 3.52 × 9.37 = 120.25 m3
3 3 7
(ii) The total surface area of a right circular cone with diameter of base 24 cm is 300π cm 2.
(a) Find the slant height of the base.
(b) Find its height.
(c) Find its volume.
Solution:
Here, diameter of base of cone (d) = 24 cm
i.e. 2r = 24  r = 12 cm
(a) Total Surface Area (TSA) = 300π cm2
or, TSA = πr(r + )
or, 300π = π × 12 × (12 + )
300
or, = 12 + 
 × 12
or, 12 +  = 25 cm
  = 13 cm
(b) Height of cone (h) = 2 – r2 = 132 – 122 = 169 – 144 = 25 = 5 cm
1 1 22
(c) Volume of cone (V) = πr2h = × × 122 × 5 = 754.29 cm3
3 3 7

17
7. (i) A tent of height 22 m is in the form of a right circular cone of the radius 60 m. Find the
curved surface area and total surface area of the tent. Also, calculate the capacity of air
contained in the tent.
(ii) If the diameter of a conical circular well is 28 m and slant height of the cone is 21 m,
calculate the area of the plastic required to cover its curved area and the area of lid to
cover its opened circular mouth. Also, calculate the capacity of the well.
(iii) The radius of the base of a right circular cone made by iron is 15 cm. The conical slant
height is 39 cm. Find the weight of the cone if one cubic centimeter of iron weighs 7.8
gram. Also, calculate its CSA and TSA.
Solution:
(i) Here, Height of conical tent (h) = 22 m
Radius of conical tent (r) = 60 m
 Slant height () = h2 + r2 = 222 + 602 = 484 + 3600 = 4084 = 63.91 m
22
Now, CSA = πr = × 60 × 63.91 = 12051.6 m2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 60 × (60 + 63.91) = 23365.89 m2
7
1 2 1 22
Volume (V) = πr h = × × 602 × 22 = 82971.43 m3
3 3 7
Hence, the capacity of air contained in the tent is 82971.43 m3.
(ii) Here, Slant Height of conical circular well () = 21 m
Diameter of conical circular well (d) = 28 m  Radius (r) = 14 m
 Vertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = 212 – 142 = 441 – 196 = 245 = 15.62 m
22
Now, TSA = πr(r + ) = × 14 × (14 + 21) = 1540 m2
7
Hence, 1540 m2 plastic is required to cover its curved area and the area of lid to cover its
opened circular mouth.
1 1 22
Also, Volume (V) = πr2h = × × 142 ×15.62 = 3207.31 m3
3 3 7
Hence, the capacity of conical circular well is 3207.31 m3.
(iii) Here, Radius of cone (r) = 15 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 39 cm
Per unit cubic cm of iron (C) = 7.8 gm
 Vertical height (h) =2 – r2 = 392 – 152 = 1521 – 225 = 1296 = 36 m
1 1 22
Now, Volume of cone (V) = πr2h = × × 152 × 36 = 8485.71m3
3 3 7
Hence, the total weight of iron in that cone = 7.8 × 8485.71 = 66188.57 gm
22
Again, CSA = πr = × 15 × 39 = 1838.57 cm2
7
22
TSA = πr(r + ) = × 15 × (15 + 39) = 2545.71 cm2
7

18
8. (i) The diameters of two cones are equal. If their slant heights are in the ratio 5:4, find the
ratio of their curved surface areas. If the CSA of the first cone is 550 cm2, find the CSA of
the second cone.
(ii) Two cones have their heights in the ratio 1:3 and the radii of their bases in the ratio 2:1.
Show that their volumes are in the ratio 4:3. If the diameter and height of the first cone is
28 cm, find the volume of the second cone.
Solution:
(i) Here, diameter of first cone (d1) = diameter of second cone (d2)  r1 = r2
Slant height of first cone (1) : slant height of second cone (2) = 5:4
i.e. 1 : 2 = 5:4
Now, CSA of first cone: CSA of second cone = πr11: πr22 = 1 : 2 = 5:4
Again, since CSA of first cone = 550 cm2
We have, CSA of first cone: CSA of second cone = 5:4
Or 550 : CSA of second cone = 5: 4
4
Or, 550 × = CSA of second cone
5
Or, CSA of second cone = 440 cm2.
Hence, the CSA of the second cone is 440 cm2.
(ii) Here, height of first cone (h1) : height of second cone (h2) = 1:3
i.e h1 : h2 = 1: 3  3h1 = h2
Also, radius of first cone (r1) : radius of second cone (r2) = 2:1
i.e. r1: r2 = 2:1  r1 = 2r2
1 1
Now, Volume of first cone: Volume of second cone = × π × r12 × h1 : × π × r22 × h2
3 3
= (2r2)2 × h1 : r22 × 3h1
= 4:3. Proved.
Again, the diameter of the first cone (d1) = 28 cm  its radius (r1) = 14 cm
Height of the first cone (h1) = 28 cm
1 1 22
 Volume of first cone (V1) = × π × r12 × h1 = × × 142 × 28 = 5749.33 cm3
3 3 7
We have,
Volume of first cone: Volume of second cone = 4:3

5749.33 4
or, =
Volume of second cone 3

5749.33  3
or, = Volume of second cone
4

or, Volume of second cone = 4312 cm3

19
9. (i) Find what length of canvas of 1.5 m in width is required to make a conical tent 9 m in
diameter and 6.3 m in slant height. Also, find the cost of canvas at the rate of Rs. 195.15
per meter and how many persons can sit inside the tent if each person covers the space of
1.5 m × 2.02 m.
(ii) The slant height and diameter of the top of a mosque are 25 m and 14 m respectively.
Find the cost of constructing it at Rs. 20 per m3 and also find the cost of green paint on its
curved surface at Rs. 8 per m2.
Solution:
(i) Here, diameter of cone (d) = 9m  r = 4.5 cm
Slant height () = 6.3 m
22
Now, CSA of cone = πr = × 4.5 × 6.3 = 89.1 m2
7
Then, Area of canvas required to make a conical tent = CSA of that cone
i.e. length of canvas × 1.5 = 89.1  length of canvas = 59.40 m
Again, Rate of unit cost per meter (C) = Rs. 195.15
Length of canvas required (A) = 59.40 m
 Total cost (T) = C × A = 195.15 × 59.4 = Rs. 11591.91
For second part,
22
Area of base (A) = πr2 = × 4.52 = 63.64 m2
7
Since a person covers a space of 1.5 m × 2.02 m = 3.03 m2
63.64
 The number of persons can sit inside the tent = = 21.0033
3.03
Hence, 21 persons can sit inside the tent.
(ii) Here, Slant height of top of mosque (ℓ) = 25 m
Diameter top of mosque (d) = 14  Radius top of mosque (r) = 7 m
To find: The cost of construction = ?
For, Vertical height (h) = 2 – r2 = 252 – 72 = 625 – 49 = 576 = 24 m
1 1 22
Hence, Volume of top of mosque (V) = πr2h = × × 72 × 24 = 1232m3
3 3 7
i.e Volume to be constructed (A) = 1232m3
Per unit cm3 cost (C) = Rs. 20
 Total cost (T) = C × A = 20 × 1232 = Rs. 24640
Hence, the total cost of constructing the mosque is Rs. 13664.
For second part,
22
Area to be painted (CSA) = πr = × 7 × 25 = 550 m2
7
Per unit m2 cost (C) = Rs. 8
 Total cost (T) = C × A = 8 × 550 = Rs. 4400
Hence, the total cost of green paint on its curved surface is Rs. 4400.

20
 5.3 Combined Solids

PRACTICE 5.3
Read / Understand / Think / Do
Keeping Skill Sharp
1. (a) What is the lateral surface area of a square Cristal with side
length ‘4’ cm and slant heights 11 cm and l2 cm?
(b) What is the volume of the given solid?
(c) What are the following parts in the given solid?
(i) Volume (ii) Curved surface area (iii) Total surface area
Solution:
(a) Here, The length of base of square crystal (a) = 4 cm
Slant height of upper pyramid (ℓ1) = 11 cm
Slant height of lower pyramid (ℓ2) = 12 cm
LSA of Crystal = LSA of upper pyramid + LSA of Lower pyramid
= 2a1 + 2a2
= 2 × 4 × 11 + 2 × 4 × 12
= 88 + 96 = 184 cm2
1
(b) The volume of the given solid is πr2 (h + 2r) cu.units.
3
1
(c) (i) Volume of the given solid is πr2( h + h1).
3
(ii) Curved Surface Area (CSA) is πr( + 2h1).
(iii) Total Surface Area (TSA) is πr( + 2h1 + r).
Check Your Performance
Answer the given questions for each problem.
2. Observe the following combined solids:
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(a) Find the volume of each solid.

(b) Find the lateral surface area and total surface area of each pyramid.
Solution:
(i) Here,
Diameter of cone = diameter of cylinder = 10 mm

21
  Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder (r) = 5 mm
Height of cone (h) = 13 mm
Height of cylinder (h1) = 140 mm
(a) Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= πr2h + πr2h1
3
1 22 22
= × × 52 × 13 + × 52 × 140
3 7 7
= 340.48 + 11000 = 11340.48 mm3
(b) Slant height of cone () = h2 + r2 = 132 + 52 = 169 + 25
= 194 = 13.93 mm
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πr + 2πrh1
22 22
= × 5 × 13.93 + 2 × × 5 × 140
7 7
= 218.9 + 4400 = 4618.9 mm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh1 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 5 × 13.93 + 2 × × 5 × 140 + × 52
7 7 7
= 218.9 + 4400 + 78.57
= 4697.47 mm2
(ii) Diameter of first cone = diameter of second cone = 8 cm
i.e. Radius of first cone = Radius of second cone (r) = 4 cm
Height of first cone (h1) + Height of second cone (h2) = (h1 + h2) = 18 cm
(a) Volume of solid = Volume of first cone + Volume of second cone
1 1
= πr2h1 + πr2h2
3 3
1
= πr2 × (h1 + h2)
3
1 22
= × × 42 × 18 = 301.72 cm3
3 7
(b) Slant height of cone () = h2 + r2 = 92 + 42 = 36 + 16 = 52 = 7.21 cm
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = Total Surface Area (TSA)
= CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
= πrℓ1 + πrℓ2
22 22
= × 4 × 7.21 + × 4 × 7.21
7 7
= 90.64 + 90.64 = 181.28 mm2
(iii) Here, Radius of cone = Radius of hemisphere (r) = 4 cm
Height of cone (h) = 10 cm
(a) Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of hemisphere

22
 1 2
= × πr2h + × πr3
3 3
1
= × πr2 (h + 2r)
3
1 22
= × × 42 × (10 + 4)
3 7
= 234.67 cm3
(b) Slant height of cone () = h2 + r2 = 102 + 42 = 100 + 16 = 116 = 10.77 cm
Curved Surface Area (CSA) = Total Surface Area (TSA)
= CSA of cone + CSA of hemisphere
= πrℓ + 2πr2
22 22
= × 4 × 10.77 + 2 × × 42
7 7
= 135.39 + 100.57 = 235.97 cm2
(iv) Diameter of hemisphere = diameter of cylinder = 10 cm
i.e. Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cylinder (r) = 5 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 6 cm
(a) Volume of solid = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cylinder
2
= × πr3 + πr2h
3
2 22 22
= × × 53 + × 52 × 6
3 7 7
= 261.90 + 471.43
= 733.33 cm3
(b) Curved Surface Area (CSA) = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder
= 2πr2 + 2πrh
22 22
=2× × 52 + 2 × × 5 × 6
7 7
= 157.13 + 188.57
= 345.70 cm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= 2πr2 + 2πrh + πr2
22 22 22
=2× × 52 + 2 × × 5 × 6 + × 52
7 7 7
= 157.13 + 188.57 +78.57
= 423.70 cm2
3. (i) The total surface area of a solid formed by two cones having the same radius is 396 cm2.
If the slant heights of the cones are 10 cm and 8 cm respectively,
(a) Find the radius of the cones.
(b) Find the volume of the solid.
(ii) If the volume of the given solid formed by cone and hemisphere having radius 7 cm is
1232 cm3,
(a) Calculate the height of the cone.
(b) Find its surface area.

23
Solution:
(i) (a) Here, Radius of first cone = Radius of second cone = r
Slant height of first cone (1) = 10 cm
Slant height of second cone (2) = 8 cm
Also, Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
Or, 396 = πrℓ1 + πrℓ2
22 22
Or, 396 = × r × 10 + ×r×8
7 7
22
Or, 396 = × 18r
7
7
Or, 396 × =r
22 × 18
Or, r = 7 cm
(b) Now, Height of first cone (h1) = 102 – 72 = 51 cm
Height of first cone (h1) = 82 – 72 = 15 cm
 Total height of the solid (h) = h1 + h2 = ( 51 + 15 ) cm
 Volume of solid = Volume of first cone + Volume of second cone
1 1
= × πr2h1 + × πr2h2
3 3
1
= × πr2 × (h1 + h2)
3
1 22
= × × 72 × ( 51 + 15 ) = 565.41 cm3
3 7
(ii) Here, radius of cone = radius of hemisphere = (r) = 7 cm
(a) Volume of solid = 1232 cm3
1 2
i.e. × πr2h + × πr3= 1232
3 3
1
or, × πr2 (h + 2r) = 1232
3
1 22
or, × × 72 (h + 2 × 7) = 1232
3 7
or, h + 14 = 24
or, h = 10 cm
(b) Slant height of cone () = h2 + r2
= 102 + 72
= 100 + 49 = 149 = 12.21 cm
Now, surface area of solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
= 2πr2 + πr
22 22
=2× × 72 + × 7 × 12.21
7 7
= 308 + 268.62 = 576.62 cm2

24
4. Find the lateral surface area, total surface area and volume of the following solids:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:
(a) Here, base length of prism = base length of square pyramid = (a) = 8 cm
Height of prism (h1) = 10 cm
Height of solid (h) = 15 cm
i.e. Height of pyramid (h2) = h – h1 = 15 – 10 = 5 cm

h22 + 
a 2
52 + 
82
 Slant height () =
2 = 2
= 25 + 16
= 41 = 6.4 cm
Now, Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism
= 2aℓ + 4ah1
= 2 × 8 × 6.4 + 4 × 8 × 10 = 422.40 cm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism + area of base
= 2aℓ + 4ah1 + a2
= 2 × 8 × 6.4 + 4 × 8 × 10 + 8 2= 486.40 cm2
Volume of Solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1
= × a2 h2 + a2 h1
3
1
= × 82 × 5 + 82 × 10 = 746.67 cm3
3
(b) Here, base length of prism = base length of square pyramid = (a) = 14 cm
Height of prism (h1) = 6 cm
i.e. Height of pyramid (h2) = 15 cm

h22 + 
a
152 + 
2 14 2
 Slant height () =
2 = 2
= 225 + 49
= 274
= 16.55 cm
Now, Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism
= 2aℓ + 4ah1
= 2 × 14 × 16.55 + 4 × 14 × 6 = 799.40 cm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism + area of base
= 2aℓ + 4ah1 + a2
= 2 × 14 × 16.55 + 4 × 14 × 6 + 14 2= 995.40 cm2

25
 Volume of Solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1
= × a2 h2 + a2 h1
3
1
= × 142 × 15 + 142 × 6 = 2156 cm3
3
(c) Here, base length of prism = base length of square pyramid = (a) = 6 cm
Height of prism (h1) = 10 cm
i.e. Height of pyramid (h2) = 6 cm

h22 + 
a
62 + 
2 6 2
 Slant height () =
2 = 2 = 36 + 9 = 45 = 6.71 cm
Now, Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism
= 2a + 4ah1
= 2 × 6 × 6.71 + 4 × 6 × 10 = 320.52 cm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism + area of base
= 2a + 4ah1 + a2
= 2 × 6 × 6.71 + 4 × 6 × 10 + 6 2
= 356.52 cm2
Volume of Solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1
= × a2 h2 + a2 h1
3
1
= × 62 × 6 + 62 × 10
3
= 432 cm3
(d) Here, base length of prism = base length of square pyramid = (a) = 4 cm
Height of prism (h1) = 12 cm
i.e. Slant height (ℓ) = 8 cm

2 – 
a
82 – 
2 42
 Height of pyramid (h2) =
 2 = 2
= 64 – 4
= 60 = 7.75 cm
Now, Lateral Surface Area (LSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism
= 2aℓ + 4ah1
= 2 × 4 × 8 + 4 × 4 × 12
= 256 cm2
Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = LSA of pyramid + LSA of prism + area of base
= 2aℓ + 4ah1 + a2
= 2 × 4 × 8 + 4 × 4 × 12 + 42
= 272 cm2
Volume of Solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1
= × a2 h2 + a2 h1
3
1
= × 42 × 7.75 + 42 × 12 = 233.33 cm3
3

26
5. Find the curved surface area, total surface area and volume of the following solids:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f) (g) (h)

Solution:
(a) Here, radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 7 cm
Height of cone (h1) = 5 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = 10 cm
For Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 52 + 72
= 25 + 49 = 74 = 8.6 cm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh2
22 22
= × 7 × 8.6 + 2 × × 7 × 10
7 7
= 629.2 cm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22 22
= × 7 × 8.6 + 2 × × 7 × 10 + × 72 + × 72
7 7 7 7
2
= 783.2 cm
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= × πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 72 × 5 + × 72 × 10
3 7 7
= 1796.67 cm3
(b) Here, radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 6.3 cm
Slant height (ℓ) = 8 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = 15 cm
For Height of cone (h1) = 2 – r2 = 82 – (6.3)2
= 64 – 39.69 = 24.31 = 4.93 cm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh2

27
 22 22
= × 6.3 × 8 + 2 × × 6.3 × 15
7 7
= 752.40 cm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 7 × 8.6 + 2 × × 7 × 10 + × 6.32
7 7 7
= 877.14 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= × πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 6.32 × 4.93 + × 6.32 × 15
3 7 7
= 2076.09 cm3
(c) Here, radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 2.1 cm
Height of cone (h1) = 4 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = 12 cm
For Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 42 + (2.1)2
= 16 + 4.41 = 20.41
= 4.52 cm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh2
22 22
= × 2.1 × 4.52 + 2 × × 2.1 × 12
7 7
2
= 188.22 cm
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 2.1 × 4.52 + 2 × × 2.1 × 12 + × 2.12
7 7 7
= 202.08 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= × πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 2.12 × 4 + × 2.12 × 12
3 7 7
3
= 184.80 cm
(d) Here, diameter of cone = diameter of cylinder = (d) = 10 mm
radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 5 mm
Height of cone (h1) = 12 mm
Height of cylinder (h2) = 140 mm
For Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 122 + 52
= 144 + 25 = 169 = 13 mm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder

28
 = πrℓ + 2πrh2
22 22
= × 5 × 13 + 2 × × 5 × 140
7 7
= 4604.29 mm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 5 × 13 + 2 × × 5 × 140 + × 52
7 7 7
= 4682.86 mm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= × πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 52 × 12 + × 52 × 140
3 7 7
= 11314.29 mm3
(e) Here, radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 10.5 cm
Height of cone (h1) = Height of cylinder (h2) = 21 cm
For Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 212 + (10.5)2
= 441 + 110.25 = 169
= 23.48 cm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh2
22 22
= × 10.5 × 23.48 + 2 × × 10.5 × 21
7 7
= 2160.84 cm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 10.5 × 23.48 + 2 × × 10.5 × 21 + × 10.52
7 7 7
= 2507.34 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cylinder – Volume of cone
1
= πr2h2 – × πr2h1
3
22 1 22
= × 10.52 × 21 – × × 10.52 × 21
7 3 7
3
= 4851 cm
(f) Here, diameter of cone = diameter of cylinder = (d) = 21
radius of cone = radius of cylinder = (r) = 10.5 cm
Height of cone (h1) = Height of cylinder (h2) = 25 cm
For Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 252 + (10.5)2
= 625 + 110.25 = 735.25
= 27.12 cm
Now CSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder

29
 = πrℓ + 2πrh2
22 22
= × 10.5 × 27.12 + 2 × × 10.5 × 25
7 7
= 2544.81 cm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22 22
= × 10.5 × 27.12 + 2 × × 10.5 × 25 + × 10.52
7 7 7
= 2891.31 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cylinder - Volume of cone
1
= πr2h2 – × πr2h1
3
22 1 22
= × 10.52 × 25 – × × 10.52 × 25
7 3 7
= 5775 cm3
(g) Here, diameter of hemisphere = diameter of cylinder = (d) = 10 cm
radius of hemisphere = radius of cylinder = (r) = 5 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 6 cm
Now,CSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder
= 2πr2 + 2πrh
22 22
= 2 × × 52 + 2 × × 5 × 6
7 7
2
= 345.71 cm
TSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= 2πr2 + 2πrh + πr2
22 22 22
= 2 × × 52 + 2 × ×5×6+ × 52
7 7 7
= 424.29 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
2
= × πr3 + πr2h
3
2 22 22
= × × 53 + × 52 × 6
3 7 7
= 733.33 cm3
(h) Here, diameter of hemisphere = diameter of cylinder = (d) = 12 cm
radius of hemisphere = radius of cylinder = (r) = 6 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 13 cm
Now, CSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder
= 2πr2 + 2πrh
22 22
= 2 × × 62 + 2 × × 6 × 13
7 7
= 716.57 cm2
TSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= 2πr2 + 2πrh + πr2

30
 22 22 22
=2× × 62 + 2 × × 6 × 13 + × 62
7 7 7
2
= 829.71 cm
Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
2
= × πr3 + πr2h
3
2 22 22
= × × 63 + × 62 × 13
3 7 7
3
= 1923.43 cm
6. Find the lateral curved area, total surface area and volume of the following solids:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:
(a) Here, Diameter of first cone = Diameter of second cone = (d) = 8 cm
Radius of first cone = Radius of second cone = (r) = 4 cm
Vertical Height of first cone = Vertical Height of second cone
18
= = 9 cm
2
Slant height of first cone = Slant height of second cone (ℓ)
= h2 + r2 = 92 + 42 = 81 + 16
= 97 = 9.85 cm
Now, CSA of Solid = CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
22 22
= πrℓ + πrℓ = × 4 × 9.85 + × 4 × 9.85 = 247.68 cm2
7 7
TSA of solid = CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
22 22
= πrℓ + πrℓ = × 4 × 9.85 + × 4 × 9.85 = 247.68 cm2
7 7
Volume of solid = Volume of first cone + Volume of second cone
1 1
= r2h + r2h
3 3
1 22 1 22
= × × 42 × 9 + × × 42 × 9
3 7 3 7
= 301.71 cm3
(b) Here, Diameter of first cone = Diameter of second cone = (d) = 10 cm
Radius of first cone = Radius of second cone = (r) = 4 cm
Slant height of first cone (ℓ1) = 8 cm
Slant height of second cone (ℓ2) = 13 cm
 Vertical Height of first cone (h1) = 12 – r2 = 82 – 52 = 64 – 25 = 39 = 6.24 cm

31
  Vertical Height of second cone (h2) = 22 – r2 = 132 – 52 = 169 – 25 = 144 = 12 cm
Now, CSA of Solid = CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
= πrℓ1 + πrℓ2
22 22
= × 5 × 8 + × 5× 13 = 330 cm2
7 7
TSA of solid = CSA of first cone + CSA of second cone
= πrℓ1 + πrℓ2
22 22
= × 5 × 8 + × 5× 13 = 330 cm2
7 7
Volume of solid = Volume of first cone + Volume of second cone
1 1
= r2h + r2h
3 3
1 22 1 22
= × × 52 × 6.24 + × × 52 × 12
3 7 3 7
= 447.71 cm3
(c) Here, Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone = (r) = 4 cm
Vertical Height of first cone = 10 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 102 + 42
= 100 + 16 = 116
= 10.77 cm
Now, CSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
= 2πr2+ πrℓ
22 22
= 2 × × 42 + × 4 × 10.77 = 235.97 cm2
7 7
TSA of solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
= 2πr2+ πrℓ
22 22
= 2× × 42 + × 4 × 10.77
7 7
= 235.97 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
2 1
= r2 + r2h
3 3
2 22 1 22
= × × 43 + × × 42 × 10
3 7 3 7
= 301.71 cm3
(d) Here, Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone = (r) = 1.8 cm
Vertical Height of first cone = 4.2 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = (4.2)2 + (1.8)2
= 17.64 + 3.24 = 20.88
= 4.57 cm
Now, CSA of Solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
= 2πr2+ πrℓ

32
 22 22
= 2× × 1.82 + × 1.8 × 4.57 = 46.22 cm2
7 7
TSA of solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cone
= 2πr2+ πrℓ
22 22
= 2 × × 1.82 + × 1.8 × 4.57 = 46.22 cm2
7 7
Volume of solid = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
2 1
= r3 + r2h
3 3
2 22 1 22
= × × (1.8)3 + × × (1.8)2 × 4.2 = 26.48 cm3
3 7 3 7
7. (a) If the curved surface area of the given solid is 2090 cm2,
find its volume.

(b) Find the total surface area of the adjoining solid if its
volume is 21149 cm3.

Solution:
(a) In the combined solid,
slant height of the cone (l) = 25 cm, Height of the cone (h) = 35 cm
CSA of the solid (CSA) = 2090
or, rl + 2rh = 2090
22
or, × r (25 + 70) = 2090
7
2090  7
or, r= = 7 cm
22  95
 Height of the cone (h1) = 252 + 72 = 24 cm
1 22 2 22
 Vol. of the solid (V) = × ×7  24 + ×72  35 = 1232 + 5390 = 6622 cm3
3 7 7
(b) Here, Diameter of hemisphere = Diameter of cylinder = (d) = 28 cm
i.e. Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cylinder = (r) =14 cm
Volume of solid = 21149 cm3
i.e. Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cylinder = 21149
2
or, × πr3 + π r2h = 21149
3
2 22 22
or, × × 143 + × 142 × h = 21149
3 7 7
or, 616 h = 21149 – 5749.33
or, h = 25 cm
Total Surface Area (TSA) of solid = CSA of hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + Base Area
= 2πr2 + 2πrh + πr2
22 22 22
=2× × 142 + 2 × × 14 × 25 + × 142
7 7 7
= 4048 cm2
33
8. (a) A circular tent is made of a cylindrical base of the height 15 m and conical top above it. If
its diameter is 28 m and slant height of the cone is 21 m, calculate the total area of the
canvas required to make the tent.
(b) A tent of height 33 m is in the form of a right circular cylinder of radius 60 m and height
22 m surmounted by a right circular cone of the same radius. Find the total surface area
of the tent.
Solution:
(a) Here, Diameter of cone = Diameter of cylinder = (r) = 28 cm
Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder = (r) = 14 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 21 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 15 cm
To find: Area of canvas required to make the tent (CSA of solid) = ?
Now, CSA of solid = CSA of cone + CSA of Cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh
22 22
= × 28 × 21 + 2 × × 28 × 15 = 2244 cm2
7 7
(b) Here, Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder = (r) = 60 m
Total height of solid (h) = 33 m
Height of cylinder (h2) = 22 m
Vertical height of cone (h1) = h – h1 = 33 – 22 = 11 m
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 112 + 602 = 3721 = 61 m
To find: Total Surface Area of solid (TSA of solid) = ?
Now, TSA of solid = CSA of cone + CSA of Cylinder + Base Area
= πrℓ + 2πrh + πr2
22 22 22
= × 60 × 61 + 2 × × 60 × 22 + × 602
7 7 7
80520 58080 79200
= + +
7 7 7
= 31114.29 m2
9. (a) A circular tent is cylindrical to a height of 3 meter and conical shape
above it. If its diameter is 105 cm and the slant height of conical portion
is 5 m, calculate the length of the canvas of 5 m wide to make the
required tent. Also, calculate the cost of canvas at Rs. 2545.75/m.
(b) A Kunyu (pile of straw) in a field is cylindrical in shape with height 1.5
m. and conical above it. If its diameter is 3 m and slant height of the
conical portion is 3 m, find the volume of the Kunyu.
Solution:
(a) Here, Diameter of cone = Diameter of cylinder = (d) = 105 cm
Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder = (r) = 52.5 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 5 m = 500 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 3 m = 300 cm
To find: The length of canvas of 5m wide to make the required tent
Now, CSA of solid = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder
= πrℓ + 2πrh

34
 22 22
= × 52.5 × 500 + 2 × × 52.5 × 300
7 7
= 181500cm2 = 18.15 m2
Now, Area required to make tent = 18.15 m2
Or, length × breadth = 18.15
Or, length × 5 = 18.15
Or, length = 3.63 m
Finally, per unit m cost of canvas (C) = Rs. 2545.75/m
Required length (A) = 3.63 m
Total Cost (T) = C × A = 2545.75 × 3.63 = Rs. 9241.07
Hence, we need 3.63 m of canvas and Rs. 9241.07 to make it.
(b) Here, Diameter of cone = Diameter of cylinder = (d) = 3 m
Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder = (r) = 1.5 m
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 3 m
Height of cylinder (h) = 1.5 m
To find: Volume of kunyu.
For, Vertical height (h') = 2 – r2 = 32 – (1.5)2 = 9 – 2.25
= 7.75 = 2.78 m
Now, Volume of kunyu = Volume of conical part + Volume of cylindrical part
1
= × πr2h' + πr2h
3
1 22 22
= × × 1.52 × 2.78 + × 1.52 × 3 =27.77 m3
3 7 7
Hence, the volume of kunyu is 27.77 m3
10. (a) An iron pillar has some part in the form of a right circular cylinder and remaining part
in the form of a right circular cone. The radius of the base of each of cone and cylinder is
49 cm. The cylindrical part is 240 cm high and conical part has 70 cm inclined height.
Find the weight of the pillar if one cubic centimeter of iron weighs 0.8 gram.
(b) The adjoining parachute has 32 ropes of 32ft each of length to be joined with a man and a
semicircular shaped umbrella with circumference 44ft. Find the volume of the parachute
with covering ropes and the area of cloth used for umbrella.
Solution:
(a) Here, Diameter of cone = Diameter of cylinder = (d) = 49 cm
Radius of cone = Radius of cylinder = (r) = 24.5 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 70 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 240 cm
To find: Volume of solid.
For, Vertical height (h') = 2 – r2 = 702 – (24.5)2 = 4900 – 600.25
= 4299.75 = 65.57 cm
Now, Volume of Solid = Volume of conical part + Volume of cylindrical part
1
= × πr2h' + πr2h
3

35
 1 22 22
= × × 24.52 × 65.57 + × 24.52 × 240
3 7 7
= 493992.60 cm3
Then, per unit cubic cm weight (C) = 0.8 gram
Volume of pillar (A) = 493992.60 cm3
Total weight of pillar (T) = C × A = 0.8 × 493992.60
= 395194.08 gram = 395.40 kg
Hence the total weight of pillar is 395.40 kg
(b) Here, circumference of semicircular shaped umbrella = 44 ft
i.e. 2πr = 44 ft
22
or, 2 × × r = 44
7
or, r = 7 ft
Radius of hemisphere = Radius of cone = (r) = 7 ft
Length of rope = Slant Height of cone = 32 ft
Vertical height of cone (h) = 2 – r2 = 322 – 72
= 1024 – 49 = 975
= 31.22 ft
Now, Volume of solid = Volume of hemisphere + Volume of cone
2 1
= r3 + r2h
3 3
2 22 1 22
= × × 73 + × × 72 × 31.22 = 2321.29 ft3
3 7 3 7
Hence, the volume of parachute with covering ropes and the area of cloth to be used for
umbrella is 2321.29 ft3.

36
 5.4 Cost Estimation on Construction

PRACTICE 5.4
Read / Understand / Think / Do
Keeping Skill Sharp
1. (a) What is the volume of the solid formed by a hemi-sphere and a cylinder of height 'a' cm
having the same radius 'b' cm?
(b) Write the volume of the solid formed by a cylinder of height 'p' cm and a hemi-sphere
having the same radius 'q' cm?
(c) What is the volume of the solid formed by a hemi-sphere and a cone of height 'a' cm
having the same radius 'b' cm?
(d) What is the curved surface area of the solid formed by a hemi-sphere and a cone of height
'p' cm having the same radius 'q' cm?
(e) What is the total surface area of the solid combined by a cylinder of height 'a' cm and a
cone of height 'b' cm having the same radius 'c' cm ?
(f) Write the volume of the solid combined by a cube with base side 'a' cm and a pyramid of
height 'b' cm.
(g) Write the lateral surface area of the solid combined by a cube with base side 'x' cm and a
pyramid of slant height 'y' cm.
(h) What is the total surface area of the solid combined by a square prism with base side 'p'
cm and a pyramid of slant height 'y' cm ?
Solution:
1 2 1 2
(a) πa (2a + 3b) cm3 (b) πq (2q + 3p) cm3
3 3
1 2 1
(c) πb (2b + a) cm3 (d) πq(2q + 3 p2 + q2 ) cm2
3 3
1 2
(e) πc( b2 + c2 + 2b + c) cm2 (f) a (3a + b) cm3
3
(g) 2x(2x + y) cm2 (h) p(5p + 2y) cm2
Check Your Performance
2. (i) A woman bought a triangular land. She measures the boundaries of her triangular open
land and finds their measures 90 ft, and 108 ft and 120 ft. She plans to sell it after bound
walls around it. [1 aana = 342.25 sq. ft]
(a) Calculate the cost of construction wall at Rs. 450 sq. ft.
(b) If she sold it at Rs. 25,50,000 per aana, how much amount did she get in total ?
(c) If she invests Rs. 2,60,00,000 in total at first, what percent did she gain ? Find.
(ii) A broker bought a triangular land for Rs. 45,00,000 in total in Terai region. He measures
the boundaries and finds the perimeter 200 m, shortest boundary 40 m, the ratio of other
two boundaries 17:15. He plans to sell it after level maintaining. [1 kattha = 338.63 sq. m]
(a) Find the two unknown boundaries of the land.
(b) Calculate the cost of maintaining level at Rs. 1420 per kattha.

37
 (c) If he sold it at Rs. 15,20,000 per kattha, how much amount did he get in total ?
(d) What percent did he gain ? Find.
Solution:
(i) A woman bought a triangular land with sides
a = 90 ft b = 108 ft c = 120 ft
To find the area of land,
a + b + c 90 + 108 + 120
semi perimeter of triangle (s) = = = 159 ft
2 2
Hence, Area of Triangular land (A) = s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
= 159(159 – 90) (159 – 108) (159 – 120)
= 159 × 69 × 51 × 39
= 46711.33 ft2
Now, to covert the land into Aana, we have,
1 Aana = 342.25 sq. ft
i.e. 1 sq. ft = 1/342.25 Aana
or, 46711.33 sq. ft = 1/342.25 × 46711.33 = 13.65 Aanas
(a) To calculate the cost of construction of wall
Area (A) = 13.65 Aana
Per unit aana cost (C) = Rs. 450
Total Cost (T) = C × A = Rs. 450 × 13.65 = Rs. 6142
(b) To calculate the cost of land
Area (A) = 13.65 aanas
Per unit aana cost (C) = Rs. 25,50,000
Total cost of land (T) = C × A = Rs. 25,50,000 × 13.65 = Rs. 3,48,07,500
(c) To calculate the profit percentage
Cost price of land in total (CP) = Rs. 2,60,00,000 + Rs. 6142 = Rs. 2,60,06,142
Selling price of land (SP) = Rs. 3,48,07,500
SP – CP 34807500 – 26006142
Profit Percentage (P%) = × 100% = × 100%
CP 26006142
8801358
= × 100% = 33.85%
26006142
(ii) Here, The perimeter of triangular field (P) = 200 m
Shortest side (a) = 40 m
(a) To find the two unknown sides of triangular field
Since, Ratio of two remaining sides (b:c) = 17:15
i.e. b = 17k m and c = 15k m (say)
Now, P = 200 m
or, a + b + c = 200 or, 40 + 17k + 15 k = 200
 k=5m
Hence, b = 17k = 17 × 5 = 85m and c = 15k = 15 × 5 = 75m
(b) To find the cost of maintaining level
P 200
Semi perimeter (s) = semi perimeter of triangle (s) = = = 100 m
2 2

38
 a + b + c 40 + 85 + 75
Alternatively, s = = = 100 m
2 2
Hence, Area of Triangular land (A) = s(s – a) (s – b) (s – c)
= 100(100 – 40) (100 – 85) (100 – 75)
= 100 × 60 × 15 × 25
= 1500 m2
Now, To covert the land into Aana, we have,
1 Kattha = 338.63 sq. m
i.e. 1 sq. m = 1/338.63 Aana
or, 1500 sq. m = 1/338.63 × 1500 = 4.43 Katthas
Finally, Per unit kattha cost of maintaining level (C) = Rs. 1420
Area to maintain level (A) = 4.43 katthas
Total cost of maintaining level of field (T) = C × A = Rs. 1420 × 4.43 = Rs. 6290.60
(c) To calculate the selling
Area (A) = 4.43 Katthas
Per unit Kattha cost (C) = Rs. 15,20,000
Total cost of land (T) = C × A = Rs. 15,20,000 × 4.43 = Rs. 67,33,600
(d) To calculate the profit percentage
Cost price of land in total (CP) = Rs. 45,00,000 + Rs. 6290.60 = Rs. 45,06,290.60
Selling price of land (SP) = Rs. 67,33,600
SP – CP 6733600 – 4506290.60
Profit Percentage (P%) = × 100% = × 100%
CP 4506290.60
2227309.4
= × 100% = 49.43%
4506290.60
3. (i) The given figure is the newly land buying by a school for
playing ground. The length from the corners A to C is 32 meter.
The perpendicular lengths from other two corners B and D to
AC are 20 meter and 25 meter respectively.
(a) Write the formula to find the area of that type of land.
(b) Find the area of the ground ABCD.
(c) A male labour takes Rs. 1500 per day for sowing the ground and completes the work
in 3 days. A female labour takes Rs. 50 per sq. meter for
plating grass on it. How much amount should pay for the
ground ? Find it.
(ii) The given trapezium ABCD is the parking region of a house.
(a) What is the width of the parking region? Find.
(b) Find the area of the region ABCD.
(c) If the size of a cement block paving on the parking region is 6 inches by 6 inches,
how many blocks are needed to pave on it? Find.
(d) The cost of 1 tip of 2000 blocks is Rs. 70,000. A labour takes Rs. 1400 per day. If 3
labours complete the work in 4 days, how much amount
does the house-owner pay at all ?
(iii) The given shape PQRS is the open ground.

39
 (a) Find the perimeter of the ground.
(b) If the ground is around by the fence 5 times, how long fence is needed ?
(c) The cost of the fence is Rs. 50 per meter and a labour takes Rs. 1450 per day. If the
work is completed in 4 days, find the cost for it.
Solution:
(i) Here, ABCD is a quadrilateral land for playing ground.
Diagonal (d) = AC = 32 m,
First Height (p1) = BQ = 20 m and
Second Height (p2) = DP = 25 m
(a) the formula to find out the area of such figure
1
Area or trapezium (A) = × d × (h1 + h2)
2
(b) the area of ground
1 1
Area of ground (A) = × d × (h1 + h2) = × 32 × (20 + 25) = 16 × 45 = 720 m2
2 2
(c) To find the total amount to be paid
A male labour's per day charge = Rs. 1500
A male labour's working days = 3 days
A male labour's total charge = Rs. 1500 × 3 = Rs. 4500
Again, A female labour's charge (C) = Rs. 50 per m2
Area to plant grass (A) = 720 m2
Total Charge of female labour (T) = C × A = Rs. 50 × 720 = Rs. 3600
Hence the total amount to be paid for the ground = Rs. 4500 + Rs. 3600 = Rs. 8100
(ii) In trapezium ABCD,
First length (ℓ1) = AB = 35 ft
Second length (ℓ2) = CD = 45 ft
(a) To find, Height of trapezium (h) = BP
In right angled triangle BCP,
PC = CD – DP = CD – AB – 45 – 35 = 10 ft
Now by Pythagoras Theorem
BC2 = BP2 +PC2
or, 262 = BP2 + 102 or, 676 –100 = BP2
2
or, BP = 576 or, BP = 24 ft
Hence the wide of parking region is 24 ft.

(b) To find the area of parking region ABCD:

First length (ℓ1) = AB = 35 ft
Second length (ℓ2) = CD = 45 ft
Height of trapezium (h) = BP = 24 ft
1
Hence, Area of trapezium ABCD (A) = × h × (ℓ1 + ℓ2)
2
1
= × 24 × (35 + 45) = 12 × 80 = 960 ft2
2
(c) To find the number of tiles of size 6 inches × 6 inches

40
 The area of parking region ABCD (A) = 960 ft2
The area of blocks (a) = 6 inches × 6 inches = 0.5×0.5 ft 2 = 0.25 ft2
A 960
Number of tiles required (N) = = = 3840
a 0.25
Hence, It requires 3840 blocks to pave the parking region.
(d) To find the cost of paving blocks in region ABCD
Here, The cost of 2000 blocks = Rs. 70,000
i.e. Per unit block cost (C) = Rs. 70,000 / 2000 = Rs. 35
Number of blocks required (A) = 3840
so, The total cost of blocks (T) = C × A = Rs. 35 × 3840 = Rs. 134400
Also, The per day charge of labour (C) = Rs. 1450
The number of days worked (A) = 3 days
Number of labours worked (A') = 4
Total charge by labour (T) = C × A × A' = Rs. 1450 × 3 × 4 = Rs. 17400
Hence the total amount hounse owner need to pay is Rs. 134400 + Rs. 17400 = Rs. 151800.
(iii) Here, PQRS is the open ground
PQ = 24 m, QR = 25 m, RS = 25 m and SP = 32 m
(a) To find the perimeter of ground
Perimeter (P) = PQ + QR + RS + SP
= 24 + 25 +25 + 32
= 106 m
(b) To find the length of fence
To fence 5 times the boundaries, 5 × 106 = 530 m long fence is needed.
(c) To the total cost for the complete work
Per unit cost (C) = Rs. 50 per meter
Length of fence (A) = 530 m
Total cost for fence (T) = C × A = Rs. 50 × 530 = Rs. 2650
Also, labour charge (C) = Rs. 1450 per day
Number of days (A) = 4 days
Total labour charge (T) = C × A = Rs. 1450 × 4 = Rs. 5800
Hence, the total cost for the complete work = Rs. 2650 + Rs. 5800 = Rs. 8450
4. (i) A girl measures her room and finds the length 15 ft , breadth 12 ft and height 9 ft. In this
room, there are one door of the size 3 ft by 6 ft and two windows of the size 5 ft by 7 ft
each.
(a) Write the formula to find the area of 4 walls without door and windows.
(b) She calculates the area of the walls excluding door and windows. What does she
find?
(c) How much does she expense for wall painting at the rate of Rs. 15.50 per sq. ft ?
Find.
(ii) A student measures his classroom and finds the length 12 m, breadth 9 m and height 2.75
m. There are two doors of the size 2 m by 1.25 m each and 3 windows of the size 2.25 m
by 1.25 m each.
(a) Which formula does he use to find the area of 4 walls and floor without doors and
windows? Write.

41
 (b) He calculates the area of the walls excluding doors and windows. What does he find?
(c) How much does he expense for plastering on 4 walls and floor at the rate of Rs.
115.25 per sq. m ? Find.
Solution:
(i) Here, Length of room (ℓ) = 15 ft
Breadth of room (b) = 12 ft
Height of room (h) = 9 ft
Also, the size of door (A1) = 3ft × 6ft = 18 ft2
The number of door (n1)= 1
The size of window (A2) = 5ft × 7ft = 35 ft2
The number of windows (n2) = 2
(a) The formula for four wall without door and windows = 2h(ℓ + b) – n1A1 – n2A2
[The symbols indicates as mentioned above]
(b) To find the Area of walls without door and windows
A = 2h(ℓ + b) – n1A1 – n2A2
= 2 × 9 × (15 + 12) – 1 × 18 – 2 × 35 = 398 ft2
(c) To find the expense of painting wall
Per unit ft2 painting cost (C) = Rs. 15.50
Area to be painted (A) = 398 ft2
Total painting cost (T) = C × A = Rs. 15.50 × 398 = Rs. 6169
Hence, the girl should expense Rs. 6169 to paint the walls.
(ii) Here, Length of room (ℓ) = 12 m
Breadth of room (b) = 9 m
Height of room (h) = 2.75 m
Also, the size of door (A1) = 2 m × 1.25 m = 2.5 m2
The number of door (n1)= 2
The size of window (A2) = 2.25 m × 1.25 m = 2.8125 m2
The number of windows (n2) = 3
(a) The formula for four wall without door and windows = 2h(ℓ + b) + ℓb – n1A1 – n2A2
[The symbols indicates as mentioned above]
(b) To find the Area of walls without door and windows
A = 2h(ℓ + b) – n1A1 – n2A2
= 2 × 2.75 × (12 + 9) – 2 × 2.5 – 3 × 2.8125 = 102.5625 m2
(c) To find the expense of painting wall
Per unit m2 painting cost (C) = Rs. 115.25
Area to be painted (A) = 102.5625 m2
Total painting cost (T) = C × A = Rs. 115.25 × 102.5625 = Rs. 11820.33
Hence the girl should expense Rs. 11820.33 to paint the walls.
5. (i) Your math book is in the size of 25 cm × 18.5 cm × 1.9 cm. A girl vertically overlaps 1
dozen of such books one upon another.
(a) Which formula do you use to calculate the volume of prism formed by such 1 dozen
of books ?

42
 (b) What is the cost of paper of the new prism formed by the 1 dozen of books at the
rate of 160 paisa per cu. cm3 with printing? Find it.
(c) What is the cost of paper packing it at the rate of Rs. 0.25 per sq. cm ? Find.
(ii) The diameter of a circular coin with a thickness of 4 mm is 2.2 cm. A conductor collects
vertically 20 such coins one upon another as a form of cylinder.
(a) Which formula do you use to calculate the volume of the cylinder formed by such 20
coins ?
(b) What is the cost of the metal to make such 20 coins at the rate of Rs. 1.05 per cu.
cm3? Find it.
(c) What is the cost of plastic packing it at the rate of Rs. 0.35 per sq. cm ? Find.
Solution:
(i) Here, length of book (ℓ) = 25 cm
Breadth of book (b) = 18.5 cm
Height of book (h) = 1.9 cm
Number of books (n) = 1 dozen = 12 pieces
(a) Volume of prism formed by 1 dozen books = 12 × ℓ × b × h
(b) To find the cost of paper required
Per unit cubic cm price of paper (C) = 160 paisa/cu. cm
Volume of 12 pieces book (A) = 12 × 25 × 18.5 × 1.9 = 10545 cu. Cm
Total price of paper (T) = C × A = 160 × 10545 = 1687200 paisa = Rs. 16870
(c) To find the cost of paper packing
We need to wrap paper on its Total Surface Area, which can be found as follows:
TSA = 2(ℓb + bh = hℓ)
= 2 (25 × 18.5 + 18.5 ×1.9 + 1.9 × 25) = 545.15 cm2
Now, Per unit cm2 paper cost (C) = Rs. 0.25
Area to be wrapped (A) = 545.15 cm2
Hence, Total cost of wrapping (T) = C × A = Rs. 0.25 × 545.15 = Rs. 272.58
(ii) Here, Diameter of coin (d) = 2.2 cm  radius of coin (r) = 1.1 cm
Number of coins (n) = 20 pieces
4
(a) Volume of cylinder formed by 20 coins = 20 × × πr3
3
(b) To find the cost of metal to make 20 coins
4 4 22
Volume of 20 coins (A) = 20 × × πr3 = 20 × × × 1.13 = 111.55 cm3
3 3 7
Per unit cm3 cost of metal (C) = Rs. 1.05
Total cost of metal (T) = C × A = Rs. 1.05 × 111.55 = Rs. 117.13
(c) To find the total cost of plastic wrapping on cylinder formed by 20 coins
We wrap the plastics on cylinder form by 20 pcs coins
Radius of cylinder (r) = 1.1 cm
Height of cylinder (h) = 20 × 4 mm = 80 mm = 8 cm
Hence, The TSA of cylinder so formed by 20 coins (A) = πr2h
22
= × 1.12 × 8 = 30.42 cm2
7
Per unit cm2 plastic wrapping cost (C) = Rs. 0.35
43
 Total cost of plastic wrapping (T) = C × A = Rs. 0.35 × 30.42 = Rs. 10.65
6. (i) Amar plans to make a conical tent 20 ft in diameter and 26 ft in slant height for the fire
camp.
(a) What is the height of the tent ? Find.
(b) Find the length of canvas 5.5 ft width required to make it.
(c) Calculate the cost of the canvas at the rate of Rs. 10.75 per ft2.
(ii) A woodcutter makes a pyramid shelter of a square base with sides 14 ft each and 17 ft in
edge by using a wooden board.
(a) Find the vertical height and slant height of the shelter.
(b) If he did not use wood on the ground, how much wood did he use for it ? Find.
(c) Find the cost of the wood at the rate of Rs. 75.50 per ft.
Solution:
(i) Here, The diameter of cone (d) = 20 ft  radius of cone (r) = 10 ft
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 26 ft
(a) To find the height of the conical tent
The vertical height of cone (h) = 2 – r2 = 262 – 102 = 676 – 100
= 576 = 24 ft
(b) To find the length of canvas of 5.5 ft width we find the CSA of cone
22
CSA of cone = πrℓ = × 10 × 26 = 817.14 ft2
7
Hence, CSA of cone = Area of canvas
Or, 817.14 = length of canvas × width of canvas
Or, 817.14 = length of canvas × 5.5
Or, length of canvas = 148.57 ft
(c) To find the cost of canvas
Per unit ft cost of canvas (C) = Rs. 10.75/ft
Length of canvas required (A) = 148.57 ft
Total cost of canvas (T) = C × A = Rs. 10.75 × 148.57 = Rs. 1597.13
(ii) Base length of pyramid (a) = 14 ft
Length of edge (e) = 17 ft
(a) To find the vertical height of pyramid
The length of diagonal of square base of pyramid (d) = a2 + a2 = a 2 = 14 × 2 ft

Hence, Vertical height of pyramid (h) = e2 – 

d2
172 –
14 22
2 =  2 
= 289 – 98 = 191 = 13.82 ft
(b) If he did not use the wood in ground the wood he will use is the LSA of pyramid,
for we need slant height of the pyramid.

h2 + 
d2
13.822 +   = 191 – 49 = 142 = 11.92 ft
14 2
So,  = =
2 2
Hence, LSA = 2aℓ = 2 × 14 × 11.92 = 333.66 ft 2
i.e. he used 333.66 ft2 of woods to make that pyramid.
(c) To find the cost of wood at the rate of Rs. 75.50 per ft 2

44
 Per unit ft2 cost of wood (C) = Rs. 75.50/ft
Amount of wood required (A) = 333.66 ft2
Total cost of wood (T) = C × A = Rs. 75.50 × 333.66 = Rs. 25191.33
7. (i) The circumference of a great circle of a spherical iron ball is 44 cm. It is melted and
drawn into a cylindrical wire of 4 mm diameter.
(a) What is the volume of the iron ? Find.
(b) Find the length of the iron wire made by the same iron ball.
(c) Calculate the cost of wire at 28 paisa per meter.
(d) Calculate the cost of copper coated at 8 paisa per meter.
(ii) The base side and slant height of a square pyramid of wax are 20 cm and 25 cm
respectively. It is melted and drawn into 10 small conical candles of height 4 cm.
(a) What is the volume of the pyramid made by the wax ? Find.
(b) Find the base radius of the small candles.
(c) Calculate the cost of papering on all candles at 6 paisa per sq. cm.
Solution:
(i) The circumference of great circle of sphere (C) = 44 cm
i.e. 2πr = 44 cm
22
or, 2 × × r = 44 cm  r = 7 cm
7
(a) To find the volume of iron
4 4 22
Volume of sphere (V) = πr3 = × × 73 = 1437.33 cm3
3 3 7
Hence the volume of iron used in sphere is 1437.33 cm3
(b) To find the length of wire of diameter 4mm made by melting the sphere
Since the wire is in cylindrical shape, the diameter of wire = 4 mm
 radius (r) = 2 mm = 0.2 cm
Now, the volume of wire = Volume of sphere
Or, πr2h = 1437.33
22
Or, × 0.22 × h = 1437.33
7
Or, h = 11433.31 cm
Or, h =114.33m
Hence, we can make 11433.31 cm long wire from the sphere.
(c) To calculate the cost of wire at 28 paisa per meter
Per unit m cost of copper coating (C) = 28 paisa = Rs. 0.28
Length of wire to be coated (A) = 114.33m
The total cost of copper coating (T) =C×A
= Rs. 0.28 × 114.33 = Rs. 32.01
Hence it costs Rs. 32.01 for copper coating the wire.
(ii) Here, The base side of pyramid (a) = 20 cm
The slant height of pyramid (ℓ) = 25 cm
(a) To find the Volume of pyramid, we need vertical height at first,

45
 2 – 
a 2
252 – 
202
So, The vertical height of pyramid (h) =
2 = 2
= 625 – 100 = 525 = 22.91 cm
1 2 1
Now, Volume of pyramid (V) = a h = × 202 × 22.91 = 3054.67 cm3
3 3
(b) To find radius of base of each of 10 same conical candle made by melting pyramid.
Since the pyramid is melted to make 10 conical candles of height 4 cm each,
Volume of 10 conical candles = volume of pyramid
1
Or 10 × πr2h = 3054.67
3
1 22 2
Or, 10 × × × r × 4 = 3054.67
3 7
Or, r2 = 72.90
Or, r = 8.54cm
(c) To calculate the cost of papering on all candles at 6 paisa per sq. cm.,
we wrap the candles on its total surface area,
So, At first, Slant height (ℓ) of cone = h2 + r2 = 42 + (8.54)2
= 88.9316 = 9.43 cm
22
Then, TSA of cone = πr (r + ℓ) = × 8.54 × (8.54 + 9.43) = 482.31 cm2
7
Per unit sq. cm cost of papering (C) = 6 paisa = Rs. 0.06
Area to be wrapped (A) = 10 × 482.31 cm2 = 4823.10 cm2
Total cost of paper wrapping (T) = C × A
= Rs. 0.06 × 4823.10 = Rs. 289.39
8. (i) A man makes 1000 cylindrical iron bullets at one end with a conical pointed tip. The
diameter of the bullet is 0.7 cm. The total height of the bullet is 1.4 cm and the height of
the conical part is 0.8 cm.
(a) Find the quantity of iron to be used for these bullets if 1 cm3 = 7.8 gm.
(b) Find the outer total surface area of these 1000 bullets.
(c) If the cost of iron is Rs. 108/kg and the cost of brass galvanised on its surface is Rs.
0.2/cm2, calculate the total cost for ready of these bullets.
(ii) A man used 220 squared rods at the upper end with the pointed tip of the pyramid on the
wall for a fence. The base side of the rod is 0.8 cm. The total height of the rod is 1.75 m
and the height of the pyramid part is 1.5 cm.
(a) Find the quantity of iron to be used for these rods if 1 cm3 = 7.8 gm.
(b) Find the total surface area of these rods on the wall.
(c) If the cost of iron is Rs. 105/kg and the cost of painting enamel on its surface is Rs.
0.15/cm2, how much amount did he pay for the ready of these rods? Find.
Solution:
(i) Here, Diameter of cylinder = Diameter of cone = (d) = 0.7 cm
i.e. Radius of cylinder = Radius of cone = (r) = 0.35 cm
The total height of bullet (h) = 1.4 cm
The height of cone (h1) = 0.8 cm

46
 So, The height of cylinder (h2) = h – h1 = 1.4 – 0.8 = 0.6 cm
(a) To find the quantity of iron to be used for 1000 bullets if 1 cm 3 = 7.8 gm
for, we find the volume of bullet,
i.e. Volume of bullet = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 0.72 × 0.8 + × 0.72 × 0.6
3 7 7
= 0.41 + 0.92 = 1.33 cm3
Since 1 cm = 7.8 gm  1.33 cm3 = 1.33 × 7.8 gm = 10.374 gm
3

Hence, The total iron to be used for 1000 bullets = 1000 × 10.374
= 10374 gm = 10.374 kg
(b) To find the outer total surface area of bullet
First, We find the slant height of cone (ℓ)
i.e.  = h2 – r2 = (0.8)2 – (0.7)2 = 0.64 – 0.49 = 0.15 = 0.39 cm
Now, TSA of bullet = CSA of Cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
= πr (ℓ + 2h2 + r)
22
= × 0.7 × (0.39 + 2× 0.6 + 0.7) = 5.038 cm2
7
Hence, The total surface area of 1000 bullets is 1000 × 5.038 = 5038 cm2.
(c) To find the cost of ready bullets
Since, The cost of 1 kg iron = Rs. 108
 The cost of 10.374 kg iron = Rs. 108 × 10.374 = Rs. 1120.39
Also, The cost of 1 cm2 galvaniation = Rs. 0.2
 The cons of 2038 cm2 galvanization = Rs. 0.2 × 5038 = Rs. 1007.6
Hence, The total cost of ready bullet is Rs. 1120.39 + Rs. 1007.6 = Rs. 2127.99
(ii) Here, The base side of pyramid = the base side of prism = (a) = 0.8 cm
The height of pyramid (h1) = 1.5 cm
The total height of rod (h) = 1.75 m = 175 cm
So The height of prism (h2) = h – h1 = 175 – 1.5 = 173.5 cm
(a) To find the quantity of iron to be used for the rods if 1 cm3 = 7.8 gm
For this we find the volume of rod
i.e. Volume of rod = Volume of pyramid part + Volume of prism part
1
= a2h1 + a2h2
3
1
= × 0.82 × 1.5 + 0.82 × 173.5 = 111.36 cm3
3
3
Since, 1 cm = 7.8 gm
 111.36 cm3 = 11.36 × 7.8 = 868.608 gm = 8.686 kg
As we need 220 rods the total quantity of iron we required = 220 × 8.686 = 1910.92 kg
(b) To find the total surface area of those rods on the wall.
First we find the slant height of pyramid (ℓ)

47
 h2 + 
a 2
1.52 +   = 2.25 + 0.16 = 2.41 = 1.55 cm
0.8 2
= =
2 2
Now, TSA of rod = LSA of Pyramid + LSA of Prism + Area of base
= 2aℓ + 4ah2 + a2
= 2 × 0.8 × 1.55 + 4 × 0.8 × 173.5 + 0.8 2
= 558.32 cm2
Hence, TSA of 220 such rods = 220 × 558.32 = 122830.4 cm 2
(c) To find the cost of ready rods
Since, the cost of 1 kg iron = Rs. 105
 The cost of 1910.92 kg = Rs. 105 × 1910.92 = Rs. 200646.6
Also, The cost of painting enamel on 1 cm2 = Rs. 0.15
 The cost of painting 122830.4 cm2 = Rs. 0.15 ×122830.4 = Rs. 18424.56
Hence, the total cost for ready rods is Rs. Rs. 200646.6 + Rs. 18424.56 = Rs. 219071.16

Additional Practice – III

Right Pyramid
1. What is the volume of a squared pyramid having vertical height 5cm and base length 4 cm?
Solution:
Here, Vertical height of pyramid (h) = 5 cm
Base length of pyramid (a) = 4 cm
1 1
The Volume of pyramid (V) = a2h = × 42 × 5 = 26.67 cm3
3 3
2. Calculate the area of total surface of the solid to be made by the following nets.

Solution:
(a) Here, The net is given of square pyramid whose,
Base length (a) = 6 cm
Slant height (ℓ) = 12 cm
Hence, Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2aℓ + a2
= 2 × 6 × 12 + 62
= 180 cm2
(b) Here, The net is given of square pyramid whose,
Base length (a) = 10 cm
Edge (e) = 10 cm

e2 – 
a2
102 – 
102
Now, Slant height (ℓ) =
  =
2 2
= 100 – 25 = 75
= 8.66 cm
Hence, Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2aℓ + a2

48
 = 2 × 10 × 8.66 + 102 = 273.2 cm2
(c) Here, The net is given of square pyramid whose,
Base length (a) = 10 cm
Edge (e) = 13 cm

e2 – 
a
132 – 
2 10 2
Now, Slant height (ℓ) =
2 = 2
= 169 – 25 = 144 = 12 cm
Hence, Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2aℓ + a2
= 2 × 10 × 12 + 102 = 340 cm2
3. Find the volume and total surface area of a squared base pyramid with vertical height 20 cm
and base side 30 cm.
Solution:
Here, Base length (a) = 30 cm
Vertical height (h) = 20 cm

h2 + 
a
202 + 
2 30 2
Now, Slant height (ℓ) =
2 =  2  = 400 + 225 = 625 = 25 cm
Hence, Total Surface Area (TSA) = 2aℓ + a2 = 2 × 30 × 25 + 302 = 2400 cm2
1 1
And, Volume of pyramid (V) = a2h = × 302 × 20 = 6000 cm3
3 3
4. The length of base side of a squared base pyramid is 10 cm. If the total surface area of the
pyramid is 240 cm2, find its vertical height.
Solution:
Here, Base side of pyramid (a) = 10 cm
Total Surface Area (TSA) = 240 cm2
To find: Vertical height (h) = ?
For, first we find slant height,
We have TSA = 240
or, 2aℓ + a2 = 240
or, 2 × 10 × ℓ + 102 = 240
or, ℓ = 7 cm
5. The vertical height of a pyramid is 12 cm. If its volume is 400 cu. cm, find the area of its total
surface. Also, calculate the cost of paining its all surfaces at the rate of Rs. 1.75 per sq. cm.
Solution:
Here, Vertical height of pyramid (h) = 12 cm
Volume of pyramid (V) = 400 cm3
To find: The cost of painting its surface at the rate of Rs. 1.75/cm2
For, we find Total Surface Area of pyramid, for which we need slant height (ℓ) and base side (a).
1
Now, V = a2h
3
1
Or, 400 = × a2 × 12
3
Or, a2 = 100
Or, a = 10 cm

49
 h2 + 
a 2
122 +   = 144 + 25 = 169 = 13 cm
10 2
Again,  = =
2 2
Then, TSA = 2aℓ + a2 = 2 × 10 × 13 + 102 = 360 cm2
Finally, per unit cm2 painting cost (C) = Rs. 1.75/cm2
Area to be painted (A) = 360cm2
Total cost of painting (T) = C × A = Rs. 1.75 × 360 = Rs. 630
Hence the total cost to paint the surface is Rs. 630.
Right Cone
6. (a) What is the volume of a cone with height 10 cm and base area 15 cm2?
(b) What is the total surface area of a cone having the slant height ‘l ‘m and radius ‘r’ m of
the base?
Solution:
(a) Here, The vertical height of cone (h) = 10 cm
The base area of cone (A) = 15 cm2
1 1
Hence, The volume of cone (V) = × A × 10 = × 15 × 10 = 50 cm3
3 3
(b) Here, The radius of cone = r cm
The slant height of cone = ℓ cm
The Total Surface Area (TSA) =(πrℓ + r2) cm2
7. Find the curved surface area of the cone to be made by the following nets:
(a) (b) (c)

Solution:
(a) Here, The Radius of cone (r) = 7 cm
The Slant Height of cone (ℓ) = 14 cm
Hence, CSA of cone = πrℓ
22
= × 7 × 14
7
= 308 cm2
(b) Here, The Slant height (ℓ) = 42 cm
The circumference of base of cone (C) = 42 cm
i.e. 2πr = 42 cm
or, πr = 21 cm
The Curved Surface Area (CSA) = πrℓ = 21 × 42 = 882 cm2
(c) Here, The diameter of cone (d) = 21 cm
The Radius of cone (r) = 10.5 cm
21
The Slant Height of cone (ℓ) = = 10.5 cm
2
Hence, CSA of cone = πrℓ

50
 22
= × 10.5 × 10.5
7
= 346.5 cm2
8. Calculate the surface area of a closed cone having 12 cm height with a diameter of 10 cm.
Solution:
Here, The diameter of cone (d) = 10 cm
The Radius of cone (r) = 5 cm
The Vertical Height of cone (h) = 12 cm
To find: The Total Surface Area (TSA) = ?
For, Slant height (ℓ) = h2 + r2 = 122 + 52 = 144 + 25 = 169 = 13 cm
Hence, TSA of cone = πr(r + ℓ)
22
= × 5 ×(5 + 13) = 346.5 cm2
7
9. If the circumference of a cone is 44 cm and the sum of its radius and slant height is 32 cm, find
its TSA.
Solution:
Here, The circumference of base of cone (C) = 44 cm
i.e. 2πr = 44 cm
or, πr = 22 cm
The sum of Slant height and radius of the cone (ℓ+r) = 32 cm
Hence, The Total Surface Area (TSA) = πr(ℓ + r) = 22 × 32 = 704 cm2
10. The curved surface area and the total surface area of a cone are 550 cm2 and 704 cm2
respectively. Find the slant height of the cone.
Solution:
Here, The Curve Surface Area of cone (CSA) = 550 cm2
The Total Surface Area of cone (TSA) = 704 cm2
We know that,
TSA = CSA + Area of Base
Or, 704 = 550 + πr2
7
Or, r2 = 154 ×
22
Or, r2 = 49
Or, r = 7 cm
Now, CSA of cone = πrℓ
22
Or, 550 = ×7×ℓ
7
Or, ℓ = 25 cm
Hence, the slant height of cone is 25 cm
11. A cone of height 30 cm and diameter 26 cm is completely filled
with water. The water is poured in a cuboid of dimension 20 cm
× 18 cm × 16 cm. Find the height of the water in the cuboid.
Solution:
Here, The height of cone (h) = 30 cm

51
 Diameter of cone (d) = 26 cm
Radius of cone (r) = 13 cm
Since, The amount of water in cone = Volume of cone (V)
1
Or, The amount of water in cone = πr2h
3
1 22
Or, The amount of water in cone = × × 132 × 30
3 7
Or, The amount of water in cone = 5311.43 cm3 cuboid of
As the water is poured into the cuboid of dimension 20 cm × 18 cm × 16 cm, the water would form a
cuboid of base 20cm × 18 cm with some height (say h')
So the volume of water in form of cuboid = 5311.43
Or, 20 × 18 × h' = 5311.43
Or, h' = 14.75 cm
Hence the water will raise upto 14.75 cm high.
12. (a) What is the length of canvas of the width 1.75 m required to make a conical tent of the
diameter 7 m and slant height 5 m? Also, find the cost of canvas at the rate of Rs. 175.50
per meter and the persons can sit inside the tent if each person covers the space of 2 m × 2
m.
(b) The slant height and diameter of a cone are 30 m and 10.5 m respectively. Find the cost of
a constructing it at Rs. 45 per m3 and also the cost of white paint in its curved surface at
Rs. 14 per m2.
Solution:
(a) Here, the diameter of conical tent (d) = 7 m
i.e. The radius of conical tent (r) = 3.5 m
The slant height of conical tent (ℓ) = 5 m
To find: The length of canvas of the width 1.75 m to make a conical tent,
For we find the Curved Surface Area of conical tent (CSA)
i.e. CSA = πrℓ
22
or, CSA = × 3.5 × 5
7
or, CSA = 55 m2
Hence, the area of canvas needed to make conical tent = 55 m2
Or, length of canvas × width of canvas = 55
Or, length of canvas × 1.75 = 55
Or, length of canvas = 31.43 m
Finally, Per unit m cost of canvas (C) = Rs. 175.50
Length of canvas needed to make tent (A) = 31.43 m
Total cost of canvas (T) = C × A = Rs. 175.50 × 31.43 = Rs. 5515.97
22
For next part, the area of base of conical tent (A) = πr2 = × 3.52 = 38.5 m2
7
Since each person covers 2 m × 2 m space i.e. (a) = 4 m2
A 38.5
The number of person in tent = = = 9.625 person
a 4
Hence, in the tent 9 person can be sit.

52
 (b) Here, the diameter of conical tent (d) = 10.5 m
i.e. The radius of conical tent (r) = 5.25 m
The slant height of conical tent (ℓ) = 30 m
To find: cost of construction and paint in curved surface area
For we find the Curved Surface Area of cone (CSA)
i.e. CSA = πrℓ
22
or, CSA = × 5.25 × 30
7
or, CSA = 495 m2
Now, Per unit m2 cost of surface construction (C) = Rs. 45
Length of canvas needed to make tent (A) = 495 m2
Total cost of canvas (T) = C × A = Rs. 45 × 495 = Rs. 22275
Then, Per unit m2 cost of surface painting (C) = Rs. 14
Length of canvas needed to make tent (A) = 495 m2
Total cost of canvas (T) = C × A = Rs. 14 × 495 = Rs. 6930
Combined Solids
13. Find the lateral surface area, total surface area and volume of the following solids:
(a) (b)

Solution:
(a) Here, The vertical height of pyramid (h1) = 4 cm
Base side of pyramid = base side of prism = (a) = 6 cm
The height of prism (h2) = 6cm

h2 + 
12
42 + 
62
Hence The Slant height of pyramid (ℓ) =
2 2
= 16 + 9 = 25
= 5 cm
Now, LSA of solid = LSA of cone + LSA of prism
= 2aℓ + 4ah2
=2×6×5+4×6×6
= 204 cm2

TSA of solid = LSA of cone + LSA of prism + Area of base

= 2aℓ + 4ah2 + a2
= 2 × 6 × 5 + 4 × 6 × 6 + 62 = 240 cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1 1
= a2h1 + a2h2 = × 62 × 4 + 62 × 6
3 3

53
 = 264 cm3
(b) Here, The total height of solid (h) = 14 m
The height of prism (h1) = 8 m
The vertical height of pyramid (h2) = h-h1 = 14 – 8 = 6 m
Base side of pyramid = base side of prism = (a) = 12 m

h22 + 
a 2
6+
a2
Hence, The Slant height of pyramid (ℓ) =
2 = 2
= 36 + 36 = 72
= 8.49 cm
Now, LSA of solid = LSA of cone + LSA of prism
= 2aℓ + 4ah2
= 2 × 12 × 8.49 + 4 × 12 × 8 = 587.76 cm2
TSA of solid = LSA of cone + LSA of prism + Area of base
= 2aℓ + 4ah2 + a2
= 2 × 12 × 8.49 + 4 × 12 × 8 + 12 2 = 731.76cm2
Volume of solid = Volume of pyramid + Volume of prism
1
= a2h2 + a2h1
3
1
= × 122 × 6 + 122 × 8 = 1440 cm3
3
14. A cylindrical pencil is 17.6 cm long and has a radius of 7 mm. It has 1.5 cm of its length
sharpened to a point. Calculate its volume and surface area.
Solution:
Here, Radius of cylindrical part = Radius of conical part = (r) = 7mm = 0.7 cm
Height of conical part (h1) = 1.5 cm
Total height of pencil (h) = 17.6 cm
Height of cylindrical part (h2) = h – h1 = 17.6 – 0.7 = 16.9 cm
So, Slant height of conical part (ℓ) = h12 + r2 = (1.5)2 + (0.7)2
= 2.25 + 0.49 = 2.74 = 1.66 cm
Now, Surface Area of pencil = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + Area of base
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πr2
22 22
= × 0.7 × 1.66 + 2 × × 0.7 × 16.9
7 7
2
= 78.01 cm
Also, Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder
1
= πr2h1 + πr2h2
3
1 22 22
= × × 0.72 × 1.5 + × 0.72 × 16.9
3 7 7
= 26.80 cm3
15. The diagram shows the cross section of a circular pipe. The bore of the
pipe is 1.4 cm and the wall of the pipe is 2 mm thick. Find;
(i) the area of cross section of the bore.

54
 (ii) the cross section area of the metal used to make the pipe.
(iii) the volume of the metal pipe of length 7 m.
Solution:
(i) Here, Diameter of inner cylinder (d1) = 1.4 cm
Radius of inner cylinder (r1) = 0.7 cm
Thickness of pipe = 2 mm = 0.2 cm
Hence, Radius of outer cylinder (r2) = 0.7 + 0.2 = 0.9 cm
22
Now, For (i), Area of cross section of bore = πr 12 = × 0.72 = 1.54 cm2
7
(ii) Area of cross section = Area of outer circle – Area of inner circle
= πr22 – πr12
22 22
= × 0.92 – × 0.72 = 1.01 cm2
7 7
(iii) Volume of pipe of 7 m = area of cross section × length of pipe
= 1.01 cm2 × 7 m = 1.01 cm2 × 700 cm2 = 707 cm3
16. Find the volume and surface area of the following objects:
(a) (b) (c) (d)

Solution:
(a) Here, A solid is made up of two identical cones on both sides of cylinder.
The diameter of cone = The diameter of cylinder = (d) = 2 cm
The radius of cone = The radius of cylinder = (r) = 1 cm
Height of solid (h) = 9 cm
Height of cone (h1) = 1 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = h – 2 × h1 = 9 – 2 × 1 = 7 cm
Now, Slant height of cone (ℓ) = h12 + r2 = 12 + 12 = 2 = 1.41 cm
 Surface Area of solid (TSA) = CSA of upper cone + CSA of cylinder + CSA of lower cone
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + πrℓ
22 22 22
= × 1 × 1.41 + 2 × × 1 × 7 + × 1 × 1.41
7 7 7
2
= 52.86 cm
Also, Volume of solid = Volume of upper cone + Volume of cylinder + Volume of lower cone
1 1
= πr2h1 + πr2h2 + πr2h1
3 3
1 22 22 1 22
= × × 12 × 1 + × 12 × 7 + × × 12 × 1
3 7 7 3 7
3
= 24.10 cm
(b) Here, A solid is made up of cylinder whose upper part is cone and bottom part
is hemisphere of same radius
The radius of cone = The radius of cylinder = The radius of hemisphere

55
 = (r) = 2 cm
Slant height of cone (ℓ) = 12 cm
So, Height of cone (h1) = 2 – r2 = 122 – 22 = 144 – 4 = 140 = 11.83 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = 12 cm
Hence, Surface Area of solid (TSA) = CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + CSA of hemisphere
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + 2πr2
22 22 22
= × 2 × 12 + 2 × × 2 × 12 + 2 × × 22
7 7 7
= 251.43 cm2
Also, Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere
1 2
= πr2h1 + πr2h2 + πr3
3 3

1 22 22 2 22
= × × 22 × 11.83 + × 22 × 12 + × × 23
3 7 7 3 7
= 217.19 cm3
(c) Here, A solid is made up of cylinder whose bottom part is cone and upper part is hemisphere of
same radius
The diameter of cone = The diameter of cylinder = The diameter of hemisphere = (d) = 6 cm
The radius of cone = The radius of cylinder = The radius of hemisphere = (r) = 3 cm
Total height of solid (h) = 18 cm
Height of cone (h1) = 5 cm
So, Slant height of cone (ℓ) = h12 + r2 = 52 + 32
= 25 + 9 = 34
= 5.83 cm
Height of cylinder (h2) = h – h1 – r = 18 – 5 – 3 = 10 cm
Hence, Surface Area of solid (TSA)
= CSA of cone + CSA of cylinder + CSA of hemisphere
= πrℓ + 2πrh2 + 2πr2
22 22 22
= × 3 × 5.83 + 2 × × 3 × 10 + 2 × × 32
7 7 7
= 300.11 cm2
Also, Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere
1 2
= πr2h1 + πr2h2 + πr3
3 3

1 22 22 2 22
= × × 32 × 5 + × 32 × 10 + × × 33
3 7 7 3 7
= 386.57 cm3
(c) Here, A solid is made up of cylinder whose bottom and upper part are two identical hemisphere
of same radius
The diameter of cylinder = The diameter of hemisphere = (d) = 10 cm
The radius of cylinder = The radius of hemisphere = (r) = 5 cm
Total height of solid (h) = 25 cm
Height of cylinder (h') = h – 2r = 25 – 2 × 5 = 15 cm

56
Hence, Surface Area of solid (TSA)
= CSA of upper hemisphere + CSA of cylinder + CSA of lower hemisphere
= 2πr2 + 2πrh' + 2πr2
22 22 22
= 2 × × 52 + 2 × × 5 × 15+ 2 × × 52
7 7 7
= 785.71 cm2
Also, Volume of solid = Volume of cone + Volume of cylinder + Volume of hemisphere
2 2
= πr3 + πr2h' + πr3
3 3
2 22 22 2 22
= × × 53 + × 52 × 15 + × × 53 = 1702.38cm3
3 7 7 3 7

57