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Laplace Transform

The document discusses the Laplace transform, which transforms a function from the time domain to the complex frequency domain. It provides the definition and several theorems and properties of the Laplace transform. It also discusses the inverse Laplace transform and provides examples of transforms and their inverses.

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Abigail M. Garcia
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49 views5 pages

Laplace Transform

The document discusses the Laplace transform, which transforms a function from the time domain to the complex frequency domain. It provides the definition and several theorems and properties of the Laplace transform. It also discusses the inverse Laplace transform and provides examples of transforms and their inverses.

Uploaded by

Abigail M. Garcia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM ENGR. ZENDY D.

MAÑAGO

LAPLACE TRANSFORM
The process of transforming a given function from real time domain to a new
function in the complex frequency domain.
∞
F(s) = L[f(t)] = 0∫ f(t)e−st dt

Where: t > 0 and s is any number (real or complex).


F(s) = new function in the complex frequency domain
f(t) = function in time domain
s = complex frequency domain
t = time domain
e−st = kernel of transformation

THEOREMS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM

1. LINEARITY THEOREM

✓ If L{f(x)} = F(s) and L{g(x)} = G(s). then for any two constants c1, and c2

L [c1{f(x)}± c2{g(x)}] = c1L{f(x)}+ c2L{g(x)} = c1 F(s) + c2 G(s)

2. FIRST SHIFTING THEOREM


✓ If L{f(x)} = F(s) then

L{𝒆±𝒂𝒙 f(x)} = 𝐋{𝐟(𝐱)}𝒔→𝒔∓𝒂 = F(s∓a)

3. If L{f(x)} = F(s) then for any positive integer n

𝒅𝒏
L{𝒙𝒏 f(x)} = (−𝟏)𝒏 F(s)
𝒅𝒔𝒏

4. Transform of Derivatives

𝒅𝒏 𝒚
𝑳( 𝒏
) = 𝒔𝒏 𝒀(𝒔) − 𝒔𝒏−𝟏 𝒚(𝟎) − 𝒔𝒏−𝟐 𝒚′ (𝟎) … … … . −𝒔𝒚𝒏−𝟐 (𝟎) − 𝒚𝒏−𝟏 (𝟎)
𝒅𝒙
𝑓(𝑥)
5. If L{f(x)} = F(s) and if lim 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠 then
𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑥>0

𝟏 ∞
L{ f(x)} = ∫𝒔 𝑭(𝒕)𝒅𝒕
𝒙

6. If L{f(x)} = F(s) then

𝒙 𝑭(𝒔 )
L ∫𝟎 𝒇(𝒕)𝒅𝒕 =
𝒔

7. If f(x) is periodic with period 𝜔, that is,f(x + 𝜔) = f(x), then


𝝎
∫𝟎 𝒆−𝒔𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
L{f(x)} =
𝟏−𝒆−𝝎𝒙
LAPLACE TRANSFORM ENGR. ZENDY D. MAÑAGO

INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM


An inverse Laplace transform of F(s) designated by 𝐿−1{F(s)}, is another
function f(x) having the property that L{ f(x)} = F(s). This presumes that the
independent variable of interest is x. If the independent variable of interest is t instead,
then an inverse Laplace transform of F(s) is f(t) where L{f(t)} = F(s).

f(t) F(s)

1 1 𝑐
=
𝑠 𝑠
c

t 1
𝑠2

𝑡𝑛 𝑛!
𝑠 𝑛+1

√𝑡 √𝜋 −3/2
𝑠 s>0
2

1 √𝜋𝑠 −1/2 s>0


√𝑡

𝑡 𝑛−1/2 (1)(3)(5)….(2𝑛−1)!√𝜋 −𝑛−1/2


𝑠
2𝑛
(n = 1, 2, 3…)
s>0

𝑒 ±𝑎𝑡 1
(𝑠 ∓ 𝑎)

𝑡 𝑛 𝑒 ±𝑎𝑡 𝑛!
(𝑠 ∓ 𝑎)𝑛+1

𝑒 ±𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑘𝑡 𝑘
(𝑠 ∓ 𝑎)2 + 𝑘 2

𝑒 ±𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑘𝑡 𝑠∓𝑎


(𝑠 ∓ 𝑎)2 + 𝑘 2

sin at 𝑎
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2
LAPLACE TRANSFORM ENGR. ZENDY D. MAÑAGO

cos at 𝑠
𝑠 2 + 𝑎2

sinh at 𝑎
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

cosh at 𝑠
𝑠 2 − 𝑎2

t sin at 2𝑎𝑠
(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )2

t cos at 𝑠 2 − 𝑎2
(𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )2

sin (kt + θ) 𝑠 sin 𝜃 + 𝑘 cos 𝜃


𝑠2 − 𝑘2

cos (kt + θ) 𝑠 sin 𝜃 − 𝑘 cos 𝜃


𝑠2 + 𝑘2

𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑏𝑡 1
𝑎−𝑏 (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)

𝑎𝑒 𝑎𝑡 − 𝑏𝑒 𝑏𝑡 𝑠
𝑎−𝑏 (𝑠 − 𝑎)(𝑠 − 𝑏)

sin (𝑎𝑡) − 𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑡) 1


2𝑎3 (𝑠 2 + 𝑎 2 )2

cos (𝑎𝑡) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑏𝑡) s


𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 (𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 + 𝑏 2 )

𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑏𝑡) − 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑎𝑡) 1
𝑎𝑏(𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) (𝑠 2 + 𝑎2 )(𝑠 2 + 𝑏2)

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑎𝑡 2𝑎2
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )

𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑎𝑡 𝑠 2 + 2𝑎2
𝑠(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )

sin(𝑎𝑡) cos (𝑎𝑡) 𝑎


(𝑠 2 + 4𝑎2 )
LAPLACE TRANSFORM ENGR. ZENDY D. MAÑAGO

𝑒 𝑘𝑡 cos (𝑎𝑡) 𝑠−𝑘


(𝑠 − 𝑘)2 + 𝑎2

𝑒 𝑘𝑡 sin (𝑎𝑡) 𝑎
(𝑠 − 𝑘)2 + 𝑎2
LAPLACE TRANSFORM ENGR. ZENDY D. MAÑAGO

SAMPLE EXERCISES

Find the Laplace Transform of

1. 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛5𝑥
2. 4cos 2x –x^5 +𝑒 5𝑥
3. 𝑒 −2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝑥
5
4. 𝑥 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥
5. 𝑥
𝑥
6. ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑥1
7. {𝑒 4𝑥 𝑥 ∫0 𝑡 𝑒 −4𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑡 𝑑𝑡}
8. Find the Laplace transform of the function graphed

9. Solve y” + 4y = 0; y(0) = 2, y’(0) = 2.


10. Solve y” + 4y’+ 8y = sin x; y(0) = 1 , y’(0) = 0

Find the Inverse Laplace of


1
1.
√𝑆

𝑆+2
2. 𝑆 2 −9

𝑆
3. 𝑆 2 −4𝑆+5

1
4. (𝑆+2)(𝑠+3)

1
5. 𝑆 3 (𝑆 2 −𝑆−2)

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