Chapter 1
Chapter 1
MODULE 1
Types of Structures and Loads
Analysis of Statically
Determinate members
STRUCTURAL THEORY
Course Description: A professional course common to all
civil engineering students designated to provide
fundamental concepts, principles, and theories in the
theory of structures and structural analysis for internal
actions in structure and its deformations under load
Types of Structures
The combination of structural elements and the
materials from which they are composed is
referred to as a structural system. Each system is
constructed of one or more of four basic types of
structures.
For ASD
For LRFD
Assignment No. 1
Two-Way System
If the support ratio is L2/L1 < 2, the load is assumed
to be delivered to the supporting beams and
girders in two directions. When this is the case the
slab is referred to as a two-way slab.
PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION
“The total displacement or internal loadings
(stress) at a point in a structure subjected to
several external loadings can be determined by
adding together the displacement or internal
loadings (stress) caused by each of the external
loads acting separately.”
r=6, n =2 , 3n = 6
statically deteminate
r = 10, n = 3, 3n =9
statically indeterminate
to the 1st degree
r= 5, n =1 , 3n = 3
statically indeterminate
to the 2nd degree
Stability
EQUATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM
It may be recalled from statics that a structure or Exercise 1
one of its members is in equilibrium when it APPLICATIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM (SIMPLE RECALL)
maintains a balance of force and a moment. 1. Determine the reactions on the beam
shown. Assume A is a pin and the support
Fx = 0 Fy=0 Fz = 0 at B is a roller.
Mx =0 My =0 Mz = 0
Determinacy
Where
n = the total parts of structure members.
r = the total number of unknown reactive 2. The compound beam is fixed at A.
force and moment components Determine the reactions at A, B, and C.
Example Assume that the connection at B is a pin
and C is a roller.
Classify each of the beams shown as statically
determinate or statically indeterminate. If
statically indeterminate, report the number of
degrees o indeterminacy. The beams are
subjected to external loadings that are assumed
to be known and can act anywhere on the
beams.
3. The side of the building is subjected to a 7. Determine the horizontal and vertical
wind loading that creates a uniform components of the reaction at the support
normal pressure of 15 KPa on the winward A and B.
side and a suction pressure of 5 KPa on the
leeward side. Determine the horizontal
and vertical components of reaction at
the pin connections A, B, and C of the
supporting gable arch.
References
Printed National Structural Code of the
Sources Philippines, 5th ed. Association
of Structural Engineers of the
Philippines, Manila 2001 by
Association of Structural
5. Determine the reactions on the beam Engineers of the Philippines
Structural Analysis, 4th Ed,
Prentice Hall 1999., N.J. By:
Hibbler, R.C.
Structural Analysis, By: Besavilla
Structural Analysis, By: Gillesania