Object Oriented Programming-adv

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major principles of Object
Q. 1
Oriented Programming?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Recursion
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Recursion

Q. 2 In OOP, what does an object represent?

a) Function
b) Data type
c) Real-world entity
d) Algorithm

Answer: c) Real-world entity

Which term refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data
Q. 3
into a single unit?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Which concept allows a subclass to inherit properties and behaviors from a

Q. 4
superclass?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Modulation

Answer: b) Inheritance

Q. 5 What is an instance of a class called?

a) Subclass
b) Superclass
c) Object
d) Function
 Answer: c) Object

Which term describes hiding the complex reality while exposing only the
Q. 6
necessary parts?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Extraction
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

Which of the following is a mechanism that allows objects of different classes to

Q. 7
be treated as objects of a common super class?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Aggregation

Answer: b) Polymorphism

A blueprint that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a
Q. 8
certain kind is a:
a) Variable
b) Object
c) Function
d) Class

Answer: d) Class

Q. 9 Which keyword is typically used to declare inheritance in Java?

a) inherit
b) extends
c) implements
d) uses

Answer: b) extends

Which principle states that an object should only expose a high-level mechanism
Q. 10
for using it?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction
Q. 11 What is a private member of a class?
a) Accessible from anywhere
b) Accessible only from within its own class
c) Accessible from child classes
d) Not accessible

Answer: b) Accessible only from within its own class

Which of the following defines a relationship where one object contains another
Q. 12
object?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Aggregation
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Aggregation

Q. 13 What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

a) Destroy an object
b) Initialize an object
c) Modify an object
d) Copy an object

Answer: b) Initialize an object

What is the process of defining multiple methods in a class with the same name
Q. 14
but different parameters?
a) Method overloading
b) Method overriding
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: a) Method overloading

Q. 15 Which of the following terms refers to a class that cannot be instantiated?

a) Abstract class
b) Interface
c) Encapsulated class
d) Private class

Answer: a) Abstract class

Q. 16 What represents the real-world relationship between a whole and its parts?
a) Inheritance
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
 d) Composition

Answer: d) Composition

Which feature in OOP allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of

Q. 17
a method that is already defined in its superclass?
a) Method overloading
b) Method overriding
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Method overriding

What do you call the variables defined in a class to represent the state of an
Q. 18
object?
a) Parameters
b) Methods
c) Attributes
d) Entities

Answer: c) Attributes

which keyword is used in Java to inherit the properties and behaviors from a
Q. 19
superclass?
a) new
b) this
c) super
d) use

Answer: c) super

Q. 20 What term describes the concept of many forms or multiple behaviors?

a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance

Answer: b) Polymorphism

Q. 21 Which keyword in Java is used to declare a method in an interface?

a) abstract
b) interface
c) declare
d) function

Answer: a) abstract
Q. 22 What is the main difference between a class and an object?
a) There is no difference
b) A class is an instance of an object
c) A class is a blueprint and object is an instance of the class
d) An object is a blueprint and class is an instance of the object

Answer: c) A class is a blueprint and object is an instance of the class

Q. 23 What is NOT a primary feature of OOP?

a) Classes
b) Objects
c) Files
d) Methods

Answer: c) Files

Q. 24 When a class inherits from more than one class, it is known as:
a) Single Inheritance
b) Double Inheritance
c) Multi-level Inheritance
d) Multiple Inheritance

Answer: d) Multiple Inheritance

Q. 25 In which OOP principle, one class can inherit from more than one class?
a) Single Inheritance
b) Hierarchical Inheritance
c) Multiple Inheritance
d) Multilevel Inheritance

Answer: c) Multiple Inheritance

Q. 26 What is the process of deriving a new class from an existing one?

a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: b) Inheritance

Which of the following is an OOP concept that restricts external functions from
Q. 27
accessing class data?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
 d) Overriding

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Q. 28 Which of the following can be achieved using inheritance?

a) Reusability
b) Overloading
c) Overriding
d) Hiding

Answer: a) Reusability

Q. 29 A static member of a class:

a) Belongs to the class rather than any object instance
b) Can be modified by any object instance
c) Is a member that can be inherited
d) Doesn’t exist in OOP

Answer: a) Belongs to the class rather than any object instance

Which OOP principle hides the internal details of an object and shows only the
Q. 30
necessary functionalities?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Abstraction

Q. 31 In which OOP concept do we use “IS-A” relationship?

a) Aggregation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Association

Answer: b) Inheritance

What do you call a method in a derived class that has the same name as a method
Q. 32
in its base class?
a) Overloaded method
b) Override method
c) Parent method
d) Super method

Answer: b) Override method

Q. 33 What is the primary purpose of an object-oriented system?
a) Increase speed
b) Reduce complexity
c) Reduce storage
d) Increase size

Answer: b) Reduce complexity

Q. 34 Which keyword is used to create an object of a class in Java?

a) new
b) this
c) super
d) object

Answer: a) new

Q. 35 The act of using existing code to create new objects is known as:
a) Duplication
b) Replication
c) Instantiation
d) Generation

Answer: c) Instantiation

Q. 36 Which of the following describes the relationship between a bird and its wings?
a) Association
b) Aggregation
c) Inheritance
d) Composition

Answer: d) Composition

When an object retains its state even after the application that created it has
Q. 37
finished its execution, it is:
a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Persistence
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Persistence

Which feature in OOP provides a way to structure data that represents real-world
Q. 38
objects?
a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
 d) Aggregation

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Q. 39 Which Java feature allows you to design a class to be derived by other classes?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Inheritance

Q. 40 How is polymorphism achieved in Java?

a) Overloading
b) Overriding
c) Both overloading and overriding
d) Constructors

Answer: c) Both overloading and overriding

Q. 41 Which of these can be used to fully abstract a class from its implementation?
a) Objects
b) Classes
c) Interfaces
d) Methods

Answer: c) Interfaces

Q. 42 In Java, which of these isn’t an access modifier?

a) public
b) protected
c) friendly
d) private

Answer: c) friendly

Which Java feature provides a mechanism to share the same code amongst
Q. 43
multiple classes?
a) Abstraction
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Inheritance

Q. 44 How can you prevent a method from being overridden in Java?

 a) By marking it as static
b) By marking it as final
c) By marking it as abstract
d) By marking it as transient

Answer: b) By marking it as final

Q. 45 In Java, what do you use to specify the interface of an object?

a) extends keyword
b) implements keyword
c) interface keyword
d) instanceof keyword

Answer: c) interface keyword

Q. 46 Which Java concept is used to group class variables and methods in a single unit?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Q. 47 What is the purpose of ‘super’ keyword in Java?

a) To call the superclass constructor
b) To call the subclass constructor
c) To reference the current instance of a class
d) To denote a static method

Answer: a) To call the superclass constructor

What would you use in Java if you want to define a contract that all objects using
Q. 48
it must adhere to?
a) Abstract Class
b) Interface
c) Enum
d) Package

Answer: b) Interface

Q. 49 How do you achieve encapsulation in Java?

a) Making variables protected
b) Making variables public
c) Making variables private and providing public setters and getters
d) Using only public variables
 Answer: c) Making variables private and providing public setters and getters

Q. 50 Which of these is an immediate parent class in Java?

a) Object
b) String
c) Math
d) System

Answer: a) Object

Q. 51 When a class is defined as abstract, it means:

a) It can be instantiated
b) It has a complete implementation
c) It cannot be instantiated
d) It cannot have method definitions

Answer: c) It cannot be instantiated

Q. 52 Which Java keyword is used to develop a multithreaded program?

a) static
b) void
c) implements
d) synchronized

Answer: d) synchronized

Which Java feature allows you to write a method once and use it for any data
Q. 53
type, including user defined types?
a) Overloading
b) Overriding
c) Generics
d) Packages

Answer: c) Generics

Q. 54 What would you use to ensure there’s only one instance of a class?
a) Overloading
b) Singleton Pattern
c) Abstract Class
d) Interface

Answer: b) Singleton Pattern

Q. 55 How do you ensure that a method does not modify the state of an object?
a) Make the method static
b) Make the method abstract
 c) Make the method as synchronized
d) Make the method as final

Answer: d) Make the method as final

Q. 56 Which of these best describes composition in Java?

a) A type of inheritance
b) Using interfaces
c) Using instance variables that are references to other objects
d) Method overloading

Answer: c) Using instance variables that are references to other objects

Q. 57 What is the main difference between an interface and an abstract class in Java?
a) An interface cannot have method implementations while an abstract class can
b) An abstract class cannot have method implementations while an interface can
c) They are the same
d) An interface supports multiple inheritance while an abstract class doesn’t

Answer: a) An interface cannot have method implementations while an abstract

class can

Q. 58 In Java, what is the base class for all exception classes?

a) Error
b) Exception
c) Throwable
d) Runtime

Answer: c) Throwable

Q. 59 What is a Java package used for?

a) To group related classes and interfaces
b) To provide multiple inheritance
c) To provide synchronization
d) To create exceptions

Answer: a) To group related classes and interfaces

Q. 60 Which of these is a correct way to declare an abstract method in Java?

a) public abstract void myMethod()
b) public void myMethod()
c) abstract public void myMethod()
d) Both a and c are correct

Answer: d) Both a and c are correct

 Which design principle in Java advocates that you should code to an interface
Q. 61
rather than an implementation?
a) Singleton Principle
b) Open-Closed Principle
c) Dependency Inversion Principle
d) Liskov Substitution Principle

Answer: c) Dependency Inversion Principle

Q. 62 In Java, what does the ‘this’ keyword refer to?

a) The current class’s static members
b) The current class’s instance
c) The superclass’s instance
d) The current method’s parameters

Answer: b) The current class’s instance

Q. 63 When is the constructor of a class called in Java?

a) When an object of the class is returned by a method
b) When an object of the class is created
c) When the class is inherited by another class
d) When a static method of the class is invoked

Answer: b) When an object of the class is created

Which Java mechanism allows you to execute a group of related statements as a

Q. 64
single unit?
a) Array
b) Method
c) Loop
d) Class

Answer: b) Method

Which Java keyword is used to refer to the properties and methods of the current
Q. 65
object?
a) super
b) this
c) abstract
d) extends

Answer: b) this

Q. 66 Which of the following best represents aggregation in Java?

a) A university and its students
b) A car and its wheels
 c) A tree and its leaves
d) A person and his/her name

Answer: a) A university and its students

Q. 67 Which keyword in Java is used to inherit a class or interface?

a) extends
b) implements
c) inherits
d) uses

Answer: a) extends

Q. 68 What is the primary advantage of encapsulation?

a) Enhanced performance
b) Improved readability
c) Reusability
d) Control over data access and modification

Answer: d) Control over data access and modification

Q. 69 What Java feature allows one interface to inherit from another?

a) Multiple inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Extends
d) Implements

Answer: c) Extends

Which of the following can be considered as a real-world example of

Q. 70
encapsulation?
a) An ATM machine
b) A family tree
c) A playlist of songs
d) A hierarchy of employees

Answer: a) An ATM machine

Which Java feature allows you to execute the same piece of code for multiple
Q. 71
data types?
a) Generics
b) Overloading
c) Overriding
d) Inheritance

Answer: a) Generics
 In Java, which concept is used to derive an object of one class from another
Q. 72
class?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: d) Inheritance

Q. 73 Which of the following is not a component of Object-Oriented Design?

a) Classes
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Compilation

Answer: d) Compilation

Q. 74 Which of these keywords is used to make a class uninheritable in Java?

a) sealed
b) final
c) static
d) private

Answer: b) final

Q. 75 Which keyword is used to denote the characteristics of an object?

a) var
b) new
c) this
d) attributes

Answer: b) new

Q. 76 What does the ‘has-a’ relationship represent in Java OOP?

a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Composition

Answer: d) Composition

Q. 77 Which design would best benefit from the use of polymorphism?

a) A system managing multiple types of payment methods.
b) A basic calculator application.
c) A program that converts temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit.
 d) A word counter tool.

Answer: a) A system managing multiple types of payment methods.

Q. 78 Considering encapsulation, which of the following is the most appropriate?

a) Making all variables public.
b) Providing direct access to database connections.
c) Providing getters and setters for member variables.
d) Making all methods static.

Answer: c) Providing getters and setters for member variables.

Q. 79 When would you prefer composition over inheritance?

a) When the classes have a “kind-of” relationship.
b) When there’s a need to inherit multiple classes.
c) When reusability is the primary concern.
d) When the primary aim is to derive one class from another.

Answer: b) When there’s a need to inherit multiple classes.

Q. 80 Which scenario is most suited for the Singleton Design Pattern?

a) When you need to ensure objects have distinct characteristics.
b) When a single shared instance of a class is sufficient.
c) When you want to instantiate a class multiple times.
d) When objects need to communicate frequently with each other.

Answer: b) When a single shared instance of a class is sufficient.

For a class ‘Bird’, which method signature suggests proper use of

Q. 81
polymorphism?
a) public void fly(Bird b)
b) public void fly()
c) public static void fly(Bird b)
d) private void fly()

Answer: b) public void fly()

Q. 82 Which approach best exemplifies the Open/Closed Principle?

a) Modifying existing code frequently to add new features.
b) Structuring the code to allow for the addition of new features without altering
existing code.
c) Keeping all methods and attributes as public.
d) Frequently checking and closing all open database connections.

Answer: b) Structuring the code to allow for the addition of new features without
altering existing code.
Q. 83 In which scenario should an interface be preferred over an abstract class?
a) When method definitions are essential.
b) When the classes have a strict hierarchy.
c) When there’s a need to support multiple inheritance.
d) When there are common default implementations.

Answer: c) When there’s a need to support multiple inheritance.

If a class has several methods with complex interdependencies, what OOP

Q. 84
principle is being violated?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Cohesion

Answer: d) Cohesion

Which method signature indicates that a method can’t be overridden in a

Q. 85
subclass?
a) public void myMethod()
b) public final void myMethod()
c) private void myMethod()
d) public static void myMethod()

Answer: b) public final void myMethod()

Q. 86 In a well-designed OOP system, why should side effects in methods be avoided?

a) They improve performance.
b) They make the system unpredictable.
c) They help in logging errors.
d) They improve code readability.

Answer: b) They make the system unpredictable.

Q. 87 When two classes are tightly coupled, what potential issue might arise?
a) Increased performance.
b) Easier debugging.
c) Flexibility in design.
d) Difficulty in making changes without affecting the other class.

Answer: d) Difficulty in making changes without affecting the other class.

Q. 88 For which application would the Factory Design Pattern be most appropriate?
a) A program that logs user activity.
b) A system that creates various shapes (like Circle, Square, Triangle).
 c) A basic text editor.
d) A program that plays a playlist of songs.

Answer: b) A system that creates various shapes (like Circle, Square, Triangle).

Q. 89 Which of these is NOT a direct benefit of adhering to the SOLID principles?

a) Easier code maintenance.
b) Code reusability.
c) Reduced memory usage.
d) Enhanced code scalability.

Answer: c) Reduced memory usage.

Q. 90 When would you consider a class to be a “God” class?

a) When the class has been well-tested.
b) When the class performs only one specific function.
c) When the class has excessive responsibilities and violates the Single
Responsibility Principle.
d) When the class has a high level of abstraction.

Answer: c) When the class has excessive responsibilities and violates the Single
Responsibility Principle.

Which design smells indicate that the code might be violating the Liskov
Q. 91
Substitution Principle?
a) Unnecessary use of type checking.
b) Excessive use of getters and setters.
c) Static methods in a class.
d) Use of many interfaces.

Answer: a) Unnecessary use of type checking.

Q. 92 Why is the use of global variables discouraged in OOP?

a) They make debugging easier.
b) They promote tight coupling.
c) They increase program performance.
d) They improve method cohesion.

Answer: b) They promote tight coupling.

If a change in a superclass breaks the functionality in its subclasses, which OOP

Q. 93
principle is being violated?
a) Dependency Inversion Principle
b) Open/Closed Principle
c) Liskov Substitution Principle
d) Interface Segregation Principle
 Answer: c) Liskov Substitution Principle

Which pattern is most suitable when you want to decouple an abstraction from its
Q. 94
implementation?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Singleton Pattern
c) Bridge Pattern
d) Proxy Pattern

Answer: c) Bridge Pattern

Which principle focuses on using interfaces that clients do not have to implement
Q. 95
methods they don’t use?
a) Single Responsibility Principle
b) Liskov Substitution Principle
c) Interface Segregation Principle
d) Dependency Inversion Principle

Answer: c) Interface Segregation Principle

In a system where new functionality frequently leads to changes in existing code,

Q. 96
which principle might be lacking?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Open/Closed Principle
d) Cohesion

Answer: c) Open/Closed Principle

Which pattern would be best to implement a series of algorithmic steps, allowing

Q. 97
the order to be changed?
a) Chain of Responsibility
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Template Method Pattern
d) Observer Pattern

Answer: c) Template Method Pattern

Q. 98 In which scenario is the Decorator Pattern most effective?

a) When you need a single instance of a class.
b) When you want to add responsibilities to individual objects dynamically.
c) When you want to notify other objects about state changes.
d) When you want to ensure that a class has only one responsibility.
 Answer: b) When you want to add responsibilities to individual objects
dynamically.

Which of the following is not a typical characteristic of a well-designed OOP

Q. 99
system?
a) High cohesion
b) Low coupling
c) Tight encapsulation
d) Global state management

Answer: d) Global state management

If a class is often changed for different types of reasons, which SOLID principle
Q. 100
is it likely violating?
a) Single Responsibility Principle
b) Liskov Substitution Principle
c) Interface Segregation Principle
d) Dependency Inversion Principle

Answer: a) Single Responsibility Principle

Q. 101 In a UML diagram, which symbol denotes that a class implements an interface?
a) A solid arrow
b) A dotted arrow
c) A solid line
d) A dotted line

Answer: b) A dotted arrow

Q. 102 Which of these scenarios would be best suited for the Observer Pattern?
a) A chat application where users need to be notified of new messages.
b) A system that needs a single instance of a database connection.
c) A graphics system drawing various shapes.
d) A system where steps in an algorithm can be rearranged.

Answer: a) A chat application where users need to be notified of new messages.

How do the Adapter Pattern and the Proxy Pattern differ in their primary
Q. 103
purposes?
a) Adapter allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together; Proxy
provides a surrogate for another object.
b) Adapter provides a set of methods to simplify an interface; Proxy adds
functionality.
c) Adapter and Proxy are essentially the same.
d) Adapter is structural, while Proxy is behavioral.
 Answer: a) Adapter allows classes with incompatible interfaces to work together;
Proxy provides a surrogate for another object.

Which pattern can help in creating a family of algorithms, encapsulating each

Q. 104
one, and making them interchangeable?
a) Bridge Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Decorator Pattern
d) Chain of Responsibility

Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

For a system that allows multiple logging levels (e.g., DEBUG, INFO, ERROR),
Q. 105
which pattern would be most appropriate?
a) State Pattern
b) Observer Pattern
c) Command Pattern
d) Chain of Responsibility

Answer: d) Chain of Responsibility

Which pattern ensures that a class has only one instance and provides a global
Q. 106
point to access it?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Singleton Pattern
c) Prototype Pattern
d) Adapter Pattern

Answer: b) Singleton Pattern

If a system needs to add new operations without modifying the classes on which
Q. 107
it operates, which pattern is appropriate?
a) Command Pattern
b) Visitor Pattern
c) Memento Pattern
d) Proxy Pattern

Answer: b) Visitor Pattern

Which pattern provides a way to access the elements of an aggregate object

Q. 108
without exposing its underlying representation?
a) Iterator Pattern
b) Composite Pattern
c) Decorator Pattern
d) Builder Pattern
 Answer: a) Iterator Pattern

Which principle advises that high-level modules should not depend on low-level
Q. 109
modules, but both should depend on abstractions?
a) Open/Closed Principle
b) Dependency Inversion Principle
c) Liskov Substitution Principle
d) Interface Segregation Principle

Answer: b) Dependency Inversion Principle

Q. 110 In which situation is the Memento Pattern most useful?

a) When creating a logging system.
b) When needing to save and restore an object’s state without violating
encapsulation.
c) When defining a set of algorithms.
d) When creating a family of related objects.

Answer: b) When needing to save and restore an object’s state without violating
encapsulation.

Which pattern describes a one-to-many dependency between objects so that

Q. 111
when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified?
a) Mediator Pattern
b) Observer Pattern
c) Command Pattern
d) Memento Pattern

Answer: b) Observer Pattern

Which pattern defines a family of algorithms, encapsulates each algorithm, and

Q. 112
makes them interchangeable?
a) Command Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Mediator Pattern
d) Composite Pattern

Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

Which pattern is primarily concerned with creating an object by specifying a type

Q. 113
and letting subclasses decide which class to instantiate?
a) Factory Method Pattern
b) Prototype Pattern
c) Builder Pattern
d) Singleton Pattern
 Answer: a) Factory Method Pattern

Given a basic Animal class in Java, which extension would best represent
Q. 114
polymorphism?
a) Adding a sleep() method to Animal
b) Creating subclasses like Dog and Cat both overriding a sound() method
c) Making the Animal class final
d) Adding static methods in the Animal class

Answer: b) Creating subclasses like Dog and Cat both overriding a sound()
method

To design a modular banking application, which pattern would best segregate

Q. 115
interfaces?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Singleton Pattern
c) Adapter Pattern
d) Interface Segregation Principle

Answer: d) Interface Segregation Principle

In developing a game, you want characters to adopt multiple abilities

Q. 116
dynamically. Which design would be apt?
a) Chain of Responsibility
b) Decorator Pattern
c) Prototype Pattern
d) Command Pattern

Answer: b) Decorator Pattern

For an e-commerce platform with different discount strategies, which design

Q. 117
approach would be ideal?
a) Factory Method Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Observer Pattern
d) Bridge Pattern

Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

How would you best design a chat application ensuring extensibility for various
Q. 118
message types (text, image, video)?
a) Using Enumeration
b) By using Singleton for message management
c) Using an abstract Message class and derived classes for each message type
d) Implementing all message functionalities in one class with multiple methods
 Answer: c) Using an abstract Message class and derived classes for each message
type

To design a music player with different modes (e.g., shuffle, loop), which pattern
Q. 119
would best fit?
a) Observer Pattern
b) State Pattern
c) Proxy Pattern
d) Mediator Pattern

Answer: b) State Pattern

You are to add a feature to a drawing application that allows different tools (e.g.,
Q. 120
brush, pencil). Which approach promotes flexibility?
a) Using a single Tool class with multiple methods
b) Using an interface Tool and different implementations for each tool
c) Using the Builder Pattern
d) Using static methods for each tool

Answer: b) Using an interface Tool and different implementations for each tool

In designing a flight booking system, how would you ensure the principle of
Q. 121
“Program to an interface, not an implementation”?
a) Create a Flight class and directly use it
b) Implement multiple static methods
c) Use an interface or abstract Flight class and use its implementations
d) Focus solely on concrete flight classes

Answer: c) Use an interface or abstract Flight class and use its implementations

In a parking system, to handle various vehicle sizes (e.g., car, truck, bike), which
Q. 122
design promotes extensibility?
a) Using enumeration for vehicle sizes
b) Using a strategy pattern for parking logic based on vehicle size
c) Using a single class with multiple methods for each vehicle type
d) Using static variables to define sizes

Answer: b) Using a strategy pattern for parking logic based on vehicle size

How would you design a system allowing different types of payments (e.g., card,
Q. 123
cash, crypto)?
a) Implement each payment type in a single Payment class
b) Use the Observer Pattern
c) Use the Strategy Pattern
d) Use the Builder Pattern
 Answer: c) Use the Strategy Pattern

To add various filters in a photo app (e.g., grayscale, sepia), which approach
Q. 124
provides flexibility?
a) Implement each filter as a static method
b) Use the Factory Pattern
c) Use an interface Filter and implement each filter type
d) Use single inheritance with a base Filter class

Answer: c) Use an interface Filter and implement each filter type

In designing an e-learning platform, to support various content types (e.g., video,

Q. 125
text, quiz), which method is apt?
a) Using the Command Pattern
b) Using an abstract Content class with specific subclasses
c) Using static methods for each content type
d) Using the Mediator Pattern

Answer: b) Using an abstract Content class with specific subclasses

For a book store application where books can have different discounts based on
Q. 126
genre, which design approach would be best?
a) Using the Proxy Pattern
b) Using an abstract Book class and a discount() method overridden in subclasses
c) Using a single Book class with different methods for discounts
d) Using the Chain of Responsibility Pattern

Answer: b) Using an abstract Book class and a discount() method overridden in

subclasses

How would you design a notification system to notify users via different methods
Q. 127
(e.g., SMS, Email)?
a) Using the Singleton Pattern
b) Using the Observer Pattern
c) Using an interface Notification and having different implementations
d) Using static methods for each notification type

Answer: c) Using an interface Notification and having different implementations

To create a logging system that can log to different places (e.g., console, file),
Q. 128
which pattern would be most suitable?
a) Command Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) State Pattern
d) Decorator Pattern
 Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

For a design where game characters can acquire new skills dynamically, which
Q. 129
pattern is best suited?
a) Prototype Pattern
b) Decorator Pattern
c) Factory Pattern
d) Bridge Pattern

Answer: b) Decorator Pattern

To develop a calendar application where users can add different types of events
Q. 130
(e.g., meeting, reminder), which design is apt?
a) Using an abstract Event class with derived classes for specific events
b) Using the Chain of Responsibility Pattern
c) Implementing all event functionalities in one class
d) Using static methods for event creation

Answer: a) Using an abstract Event class with derived classes for specific events

To design a system that adapts third-party libraries without changing the app’s
Q. 131
core code, which pattern would you use?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Observer Pattern
c) Adapter Pattern
d) Builder Pattern

Answer: c) Adapter Pattern

In a design for a ride-sharing app where rides can have different pricing
Q. 132
strategies (e.g., peak hours, off-peak), which approach would be best?
a) Using static methods for each pricing type
b) Using the Strategy Pattern
c) Implementing all pricing logic in a single class
d) Using the State Pattern

Answer: b) Using the Strategy Pattern

For a gaming console’s controller configuration system, where different games

Q. 133
can have different controller mappings, which pattern would you use?
a) Singleton Pattern
b) State Pattern
c) Strategy Pattern
d) Mediator Pattern

Answer: c) Strategy Pattern

 In a design for a weather application that can source data from multiple
Q. 134
providers, which design approach would be optimal?
a) Use an abstract WeatherProvider class and specific subclasses for each
provider
b) Implement all provider logic in a single class
c) Use static methods for each provider
d) Use the Factory Pattern

Answer: a) Use an abstract WeatherProvider class and specific subclasses for

each provider

How would you design a system to support different database types (e.g., SQL,
Q. 135
NoSQL) without changing the application logic?
a) Using the Command Pattern
b) Using an interface Database and having different implementations
c) Using a single Database class and multiple methods
d) Using the Decorator Pattern

Answer: b) Using an interface Database and having different implementations

For a design where software modules can be plugged in or out dynamically,

Q. 136
which pattern would be suitable?
a) Chain of Responsibility
b) Observer Pattern
c) Strategy Pattern
d) Module Pattern

Answer: d) Module Pattern

To design a system that can generate reports in multiple formats (e.g., PDF,
Q. 137
Excel), which approach would be ideal?
a) Using the Factory Pattern
b) Using an interface Report and specific implementations
c) Using the Decorator Pattern
d) Using a single Report class with multiple methods

Answer: b) Using an interface Report and specific implementations

How would you ensure in a design that an object is created only once and shared
Q. 138
across the application?
a) Use the Prototype Pattern
b) Use the Singleton Pattern
c) Use the Builder Pattern
d) Use the Decorator Pattern
 Answer: b) Use the Singleton Pattern

For a user authentication system that can support multiple authentication

Q. 139
methods (e.g., password, biometric), which pattern is apt?
a) Command Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Chain of Responsibility
d) Observer Pattern

Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

In a design for a shipping system where items can have different packaging
Q. 140
strategies (e.g., box, envelope), which approach would be suitable?
a) Using static methods for each packaging type
b) Using the Factory Pattern
c) Using an abstract Packaging class with specific subclasses
d) Using the Decorator Pattern

Answer: c) Using an abstract Packaging class with specific subclasses

To design a UI library where components can be decorated with different styles

Q. 141
dynamically, which pattern would you adopt?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Module Pattern
c) Decorator Pattern
d) Mediator Pattern

Answer: c) Decorator Pattern

How would you ensure that multiple threads don’t create multiple instances of a
Q. 142
database connection in a design?
a) Use the Prototype Pattern
b) Use a thread-safe Singleton Pattern
c) Use the Decorator Pattern
d) Use static methods for database connections

Answer: b) Use a thread-safe Singleton Pattern

In a design for a stock trading platform that can source data from multiple
Q. 143
exchanges, which pattern would be apt?
a) Factory Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) Bridge Pattern
d) Observer Pattern

Answer: c) Bridge Pattern

 To design a payment gateway system where different banks can be integrated
Q. 144
seamlessly, which pattern would be most suitable?
a) Adapter Pattern
b) Factory Pattern
c) Observer Pattern
d) Strategy Pattern

Answer: a) Adapter Pattern

In designing an online multiplayer game where players can have different

Q. 145
abilities and upgrades, which design approach would ensure flexibility?
a) Using the Factory Pattern
b) Using the Decorator Pattern
c) Using static methods for each ability
d) Using an abstract Player class with specific subclasses

Answer: b) Using the Decorator Pattern

To ensure that certain steps are followed in the creation of an object in a system
Q. 146
design, which pattern would you adopt?
a) Template Method Pattern
b) Singleton Pattern
c) Decorator Pattern
d) Factory Pattern

Answer: a) Template Method Pattern

For a system that can deliver notifications to users via different channels (e.g.,
Q. 147
SMS, Email, App Notification), which design approach promotes extensibility?
a) Using the Factory Pattern
b) Using an abstract Notification class with derived classes
c) Using the Decorator Pattern
d) Implementing all notification logic in one class

Answer: b) Using an abstract Notification class with derived classes

How would you design a system ensuring only a certain number of instances of a
Q. 148
class are created?
a) Use the Singleton Pattern
b) Use the Decorator Pattern
c) Use the Object Pool Pattern
d) Use the Bridge Pattern

Answer: c) Use the Object Pool Pattern

 For a design where different types of discount codes can be applied during
Q. 149
checkout, which pattern would be best suited?
a) Observer Pattern
b) Strategy Pattern
c) State Pattern
d) Command Pattern

Answer: b) Strategy Pattern

In a design where a document can be saved in different formats (e.g., Word,

Q. 150
PDF), which approach is apt?
a) Using static methods for each format
b) Using the State Pattern
c) Using the Factory Pattern
d) Using an interface DocumentFormat with implementations for each format

Answer: d) Using an interface DocumentFormat with implementations for each

format

To allow for the dynamic addition of responsibilities to objects in a UI design,

Q. 151
which pattern would you prefer?
a) Decorator Pattern
b) Bridge Pattern
c) Observer Pattern
d) Command Pattern

Answer: a) Decorator Pattern

What aspect of OOP can lead to a structure where a change in one place might
Q. 152
necessitate changes in its derived classes?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Inheritance

Q. 153 How does the principle of abstraction help in system scalability?

a) By ensuring that all classes are interrelated
b) By allowing dynamic method calling
c) By providing a high-level user interface without revealing the details
d) By tightly encapsulating data and methods

Answer: c) By providing a high-level user interface without revealing the details

Q. 154 How does encapsulation aid in maintaining data integrity in a system?

 a) By ensuring faster code execution
b) By enabling a flexible design structure
c) By allowing only controlled and valid operations on the data
d) By allowing one function name to serve multiple purposes

Answer: c) By allowing only controlled and valid operations on the data

Q. 155 What is the significance of polymorphism in a distributed system design?

a) It ensures that all systems have similar properties
b) It ensures data protection across systems
c) It allows seamless interaction between systems by making them
interchangeable
d) It enables code reuse across different systems

Answer: c) It allows seamless interaction between systems by making them

interchangeable

Q. 156 How does inheritance foster the principle of reusability?

a) By allowing data encapsulation
b) By providing multiple functionalities for a single method name
c) By enabling new classes to take on the properties of existing ones
d) By hiding the complexity of the system

Answer: c) By enabling new classes to take on the properties of existing ones

Which OOP principle is particularly useful when designing systems that need to
Q. 157
evolve over time without massive rewrites?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Reusability
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

Which principle is represented when different classes are grouped together based
Q. 158
on shared attributes and behaviors?
a) Abstraction
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: d) Inheritance

Which OOP principle states that “objects of different types can be accessed
Q. 159
through the same interface”?
a) Abstraction
 b) Encapsulation
c) Reusability
d) Polymorphism

Answer: d) Polymorphism

Q. 160 In what way does encapsulation help in reducing system complexity?

a) By promoting method overloading
b) By grouping together data and the methods that act on that data
c) By representing multiple entities using one concept
d) By ensuring all objects have the same properties

Answer: b) By grouping together data and the methods that act on that data

Which OOP principle is best suited for a scenario where a software system needs
Q. 161
to support multiple database types with a uniform interface?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: d) Polymorphism

Which concept would you leverage to ensure that changes in one part of the
Q. 162
system don’t introduce bugs in another part of the system?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Reusability
d) Encapsulation

Answer: d) Encapsulation

When a class provides the basic functionalities and expects derived classes to
Q. 163
extend these functionalities, which principle is being followed?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Abstraction

If you have a method that behaves differently based on its input parameters,
Q.164
which OOP principle is this an example of?
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
 d) Polymorphism

Answer: d) Polymorphism

Which principle in OOP suggests that “Real-world objects should be modeled in

Q. 165 such a way that background details are hidden, and only necessary functionalities
are exposed”?
a) Inheritance
b) Reusability
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

Why is inheritance a critical pillar of OOP when considering software

Q. 166
modifications and extensions?
a) Because it allows the bundling of data and methods
b) Because it allows new classes to be created with modified behaviors without
altering the existing classes
c) Because it ensures that methods behave differently based on their inputs
d) Because it hides unnecessary details from users

Answer: b) Because it allows new classes to be created with modified behaviors

without altering the existing classes

Which OOP principle ensures that an object keeps its state private and only
Q. 167
exposes behaviors?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Which of the following OOP principles can lead to an increase in the code’s
Q. 168
readability and maintainability by grouping related data and functions?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: d) Encapsulation

Q. 169 How does abstraction assist developers in managing large software projects?
a) By enabling the reuse of code segments
b) By allowing dynamic method invocation
 c) By allowing developers to focus on high-level functionalities rather than nitty-
gritty details
d) By ensuring that objects of different types can be accessed through the same
interface

Answer: c) By allowing developers to focus on high-level functionalities rather

than nitty-gritty details

Q. 170 In which way does encapsulation contribute to software robustness?

a) By ensuring consistent behavior across different object types
b) By shielding the internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed
through well-defined interfaces
c) By allowing classes to inherit properties from other classes
d) By allowing for dynamic method calling based on object type

Answer: b) By shielding the internal state and requiring all interaction to be

performed through well-defined interfaces

Which principle encourages the design practice where related functionalities are
Q. 171
bundled together, thereby ensuring a modular system?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Which OOP principle suggests that a class should have only one reason to
Q. 172
change?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

Q. 173 How does the polymorphism principle enhance system extensibility?

a) By enforcing data security
b) By enabling system components to be interchangeable and extendable without
altering existing code
c) By bundling related functionalities together
d) By representing multiple real-world entities using one concept

Answer: b) By enabling system components to be interchangeable and

extendable without altering existing code
Q. 174 In which situation is the inheritance principle particularly useful?
a) When you want to create objects of different types using a single interface
b) When there is a natural hierarchy between classes and you want to reuse code
from a base class in derived classes
c) When you want to hide the complexities of a system and expose only
necessary functionalities
d) When you want to bundle related functionalities together

Answer: b) When there is a natural hierarchy between classes and you want to
reuse code from a base class in derived classes

Q. 175 What advantage does polymorphism offer in terms of system upgrade?

a) It ensures data encapsulation
b) It allows developers to add new functionalities without altering existing ones
c) It allows the same functionality to be reused across multiple classes
d) It hides unnecessary details from the users

Answer: b) It allows developers to add new functionalities without altering

existing ones

Which OOP principle is foundational in ensuring that changes in software

Q. 176
requirements lead to minimal changes in existing code?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Abstraction

Q. 177 How can encapsulation be compromised in OOP?

a) By making all methods in a class abstract
b) By allowing multiple functionalities for a single method name
c) By directly exposing class attributes without access controls
d) By allowing objects of different types to be accessed through the same
interface

Answer: c) By directly exposing class attributes without access controls

Which principle is primarily aimed at reducing code redundancy in a software

Q. 178
design?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: d) Inheritance
Q. 179 In which way does abstraction contribute to the modularity of software design?
a) By enabling dynamic method invocation
b) By making sure that all classes are interrelated
c) By allowing developers to segregate the system into chunks based on high-
level functionalities
d) By ensuring that all objects can be accessed through the same interface

Answer: c) By allowing developers to segregate the system into chunks based on

high-level functionalities

When analyzing a software system for potential refactorings, in which situation

Q. 180
is the encapsulation principle most likely not properly applied?
a) When the system has classes with both data and methods bundled together
b) When you see a high level of code reuse across different classes
c) When data members of a class are directly accessed from outside the class
d) When the system provides the same interface for objects of different types

Answer: c) When data members of a class are directly accessed from outside the
class

Q. 181 How does the polymorphism principle support flexibility in system design?
a) By grouping related data and functions together
b) By allowing different classes to be treated as instances of the same class
c) By hiding the internal details of objects from external systems
d) By creating a hierarchy of classes based on shared attributes and behaviors

Answer: b) By allowing different classes to be treated as instances of the same

class

Which OOP principle primarily focuses on the idea that a system should be
Q. 182
designed around the real-world entities it represents?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: b) Abstraction

Q. 183 How does the inheritance principle help in maintaining code consistency?
a) By ensuring that all classes are decoupled
b) By allowing related classes to share common functionalities, ensuring a
consistent behavior across them
c) By bundling data and methods together
d) By providing multiple ways to access an object
 Answer: b) By allowing related classes to share common functionalities, ensuring
a consistent behavior across them

Which OOP principle is concerned with defining a set of interchangeable

Q. 184
behaviors for objects?
a) Abstraction
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Polymorphism

Which principle suggests that data and the functions that operate on that data
Q. 185
should be considered as a single unit?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Encapsulation
What aspect of OOP can lead to a structure where a change in one place might
necessitate changes in its derived classes?
Q. 186 a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Inheritance

How does the principle of abstraction help in system scalability?

Q. 187 a) By ensuring that all classes are interrelated
b) By allowing dynamic method calling
c) By providing a high-level user interface without revealing the details
d) By tightly encapsulating data and methods

Answer: c) By providing a high-level user interface without revealing the details

How does encapsulation aid in maintaining data integrity in a system?

Q. 188 a) By ensuring faster code execution
b) By enabling a flexible design structure
c) By allowing only controlled and valid operations on the data
d) By allowing one function name to serve multiple purposes

Answer: c) By allowing only controlled and valid operations on the data

 Which OOP principle primarily focuses on the idea that a system should be
Q. 189
designed around the real-world entities it represents?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: b) Abstraction

Q. 190 How does the inheritance principle help in maintaining code consistency?
a) By ensuring that all classes are decoupled
b) By allowing related classes to share common functionalities, ensuring a
consistent behavior across them
c) By bundling data and methods together
d) By providing multiple ways to access an object

Answer: b) By allowing related classes to share common functionalities, ensuring

a consistent behavior across them

Which of the following OOP principles makes you feel most secure when
Q. 191
thinking about data protection in a software system?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Encapsulation

Which OOP principle resonates most with the idea of “standing on the shoulders
Q. 192
of giants”?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Inheritance

If you were to equate an OOP principle with the notion of “flexibility”, which
Q. 193
would it be?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Polymorphism
 Which principle do you believe is most instrumental in allowing software to
Q. 194
mimic real-world behavior?
a) Abstraction
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: a) Abstraction

How would you feel if you had to change every piece of a program directly when
Q. 195
needing a modification instead of leveraging an OOP principle?
a) Overwhelmed
b) Relaxed
c) Indifferent
d) Excited

Answer: a) Overwhelmed

Which OOP principle gives you the most comfort when thinking about reusing
Q. 196
components across multiple projects?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Reusability

Answer: d) Reusability

Which principle aligns best with the value of keeping things organized and
Q. 197
contained?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: a) Encapsulation

Which OOP concept gives you a sense of multiple possibilities and variety in
Q. 198
software design?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Polymorphism
 How does it make you feel to know that with OOP, you can model and simulate
Q. 199
real-world objects in a software system?
a) Anxious
b) Fulfilled
c) Disoriented
d) Unaffected

Answer: b) Fulfilled

Which OOP principle, when applied, provides the most satisfaction in terms of
Q. 200
code cleanliness and organization?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Encapsulation

Which OOP principle do you believe fosters collaboration and shared

Q. 201
understanding among developers?
a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance

Answer: b) Abstraction

How would you feel using a software system where the components can’t be
Q. 202
reused in other projects?
a) Frustrated
b) Pleased
c) Neutral
d) Surprised

Answer: a) Frustrated

Which OOP principle aligns with your personal value of building upon existing
Q. 203
knowledge?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Inheritance
 Which principle makes you feel like software design is more closely related to
Q. 204
human thinking?
a) Inheritance
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

How do you feel when software doesn’t allow for extensibility and adaptability
Q. 205
to changes?
a) Indifferent
b) Aggravated
c) Delighted
d) Puzzled

Answer: b) Aggravated

Which OOP principle makes you think of software components as ‘building

Q. 206
blocks’ that can fit in various structures?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Reusability
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Reusability

What emotion arises when you think of software entities being able to take on
Q. 207
many forms?
a) Awe
b) Confusion
c) Boredom
d) Disappointment

Answer: a) Awe

Which principle instills a sense of clarity when dealing with complex systems by
Q. 208
focusing on primary functionalities?
a) Abstraction
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: a) Abstraction
 How do you feel knowing that OOP principles allow for modular and organized
Q. 209
code?
a) Overwhelmed
b) Secure
c) Baffled
d) Apprehensive

Answer: b) Secure

Which principle resonates with the idea of ‘hiding’ complexities and providing
Q. 210
only what’s necessary?
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Encapsulation

How do you perceive the value of being able to leverage past work and extend its
Q. 211
functionalities without modifications?
a) Trivial
b) Significant
c) Marginal
d) Disruptive

Answer: b) Significant

Which OOP principle aligns with the sentiment of diversity and versatility in
Q. 212
software behavior?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Polymorphism

What emotion is evoked by the idea that one can build upon existing software
Q. 213
structures, enhancing and refining them?
a) Inspiration
b) Distress
c) Indifference
d) Disdain

Answer: a) Inspiration
 How do you feel when a software system provides a clear and simple interface,
Q. 214
hiding its complexities?
a) Relieved
b) Suspicious
c) Overwhelmed
d) Frustrated

Answer: a) Relieved

Which OOP principle mirrors the human tendency to perceive things at a high
Q. 215
level before diving into details?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

How does it make you feel to consider the reuse of software components in
Q. 216
multiple applications?
a) Anxious
b) Fulfilled
c) Discontented
d) Optimistic

Answer: d) Optimistic

Which principle aligns with the ethos of keeping related information bundled
Q. 217
together?
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Encapsulation

How do you feel about the ability to represent various real-world entities in
Q. 218
software, capturing their essence?
a) Intrigued
b) Bored
c) Distressed
d) Neutral

Answer: a) Intrigued

Q. 219 Which OOP principle gives a sense of continuity and lineage in software design?
 a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Inheritance

Which principle makes software design feel more intuitive and relatable to
Q. 220
everyday experiences?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Abstraction

How do you feel when thinking about software adapting to multiple scenarios
Q. 221
and contexts?
a) Stressed
b) Elated
c) Pessimistic
d) Calm

Answer: b) Elated

Which OOP principle best represents the idea of ‘protecting’ and ‘safeguarding’
Q. 222
information?
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: d) Encapsulation

How does the thought of being able to break a complex problem into manageable
Q. 223
pieces make you feel?
a) Secure
b) Disoriented
c) Oppressed
d) Hesitant

Answer: a) Secure

Q. 224 Which principle resonates most with the notion of “one size fits many”?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
 c) Inheritance
d) Polymorphism

Answer: d) Polymorphism

How does the concept of hiding irrelevant details and focusing on the main
Q. 225
picture resonate with you?
a) Comforting
b) Restrictive
c) Agitating
d) Confusing

Answer: a) Comforting

Which OOP principle reflects the sentiment of continuity, inheritance, and legacy
Q. 226
in software structures?
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: d) Inheritance

How would you feel about a software design methodology that emphasizes
Q. 227
building once and using many times?
a) Appreciative
b) Dismissive
c) Skeptical
d) Resistant

Answer: a) Appreciative

Which OOP principle gives you the confidence that software can evolve and
Q. 228
adapt over time without rewriting everything?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Reusability

Answer: d) Reusability

In a chat application, which OOP concept would be best suited to represent

Q. 229
individual users?
a) Method
b) Class
c) Inheritance
 d) Polymorphism

Answer: b) Class

If you want your networked game to support different types of multiplayer

Q. 230
modes, which OOP principle can help?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Method Overloading

Answer: a) Polymorphism

In a network protocol class, where should the details about packet structure be
Q. 231
stored?
a) Outside the class
b) In public methods
c) As private attributes
d) In static methods

Answer: c) As private attributes

When designing a TCP and UDP class, which OOP concept can help avoid code
Q. 232
redundancy?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Inheritance

Which OOP feature ensures that a server object can handle multiple client
Q. 233
connections while hiding connection details?
a) Inheritance
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Class

Answer: b) Encapsulation

If you want to design a network system where devices (like routers, switches,
Q. 234 PCs) have common features but different functionalities, which concept would
you use?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
 d) Encapsulation

Answer: a) Polymorphism

Which principle would allow you to design a generic ‘sendData()’ function that
Q. 235
behaves differently for wired and wireless communication?
a) Inheritance
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Polymorphism

To ensure that the internal IP addressing scheme of a networked device isn’t

Q. 236
directly modified, you would use:
a) Abstraction
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Answer: c) Encapsulation

For a modular network design where each module can be developed

Q. 237
independently, which OOP concept is essential?
a) Polymorphism
b) Abstraction
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: d) Encapsulation

When different network devices need a common method to establish a

Q. 238
connection but have different connection protocols, this showcases:
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Polymorphism

When creating an abstract ‘NetworkDevice’ class, what can’t you do with it

Q. 239
directly?
a) Extend it
b) Instantiate it
c) Define methods for it
d) Give it attributes
 Answer: b) Instantiate it

Which concept helps in hiding the complexities of data packet transmission over
Q. 240
a network?
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: b) Abstraction

If a ‘Router’ class inherits from a ‘NetworkDevice’ class, what is ‘Router’

Q. 241
considered as?
a) Parent class
b) Base class
c) Child class
d) Interface

Answer: c) Child class

Which principle is evident when a ‘NetworkInterface’ class can be implemented

Q. 242
as ‘Ethernet’, ‘WiFi’, or ‘FiberOptic’?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Polymorphism

Which OOP feature allows defining a set of methods that must be implemented
Q. 243
by any class implementing it?
a) Abstract class
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Interface

Answer: d) Interface

In a network simulation, to group all data transmission methods under one

Q. 244
umbrella, you’d use:
a) Encapsulation
b) Interface
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance
 Answer: a) Encapsulation

Which OOP concept is beneficial when designing a set of error-handling routines

Q. 245
for network failures?
a) Polymorphism
b) Exception handling
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Exception handling

For a cloud-based application to work with different types of databases, which

Q. 246
principle should it employ?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: b) Polymorphism

When network devices have some common properties (like IP address, MAC
Q. 247
address) and some distinct functionalities, they are best represented by:
a) Static methods
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: d) Inheritance

To model the behavior of different types of firewalls without revealing their

Q. 248
internal working, you would rely on:
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Abstraction

If you wanted a function to connect to different types of network protocols

Q. 249
without changing its name or parameters, you’d use:
a) Abstraction
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Polymorphism
 In a hierarchical network model, how would you represent the relation between a
Q. 250
core layer and distribution layer?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: c) Inheritance

Which concept ensures that a client application interacts with a server without
Q. 251
needing to know the intricate details of its operations?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: a) Abstraction

Q. 252 In a P2P network, every node acting as both client and server is an example of:
a) Encapsulation
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: c) Polymorphism

A VPN tunnel that hides the internal data and makes it secure from external
Q. 253
threats employs which OOP concept?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: b) Encapsulation

When building a networking tool that can test, monitor, and diagnose in various
Q. 254
ways based on the user’s choice, this demonstrates:
a) Inheritance
b) Abstraction
c) Polymorphism
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Polymorphism
 In designing a protocol stack, where each layer communicates with the layer
Q. 255
above and below it, which principle is primarily utilized?
a) Encapsulation
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: a) Encapsulation

Which OOP concept would best model the interaction between a user’s device
Q. 256
and a remote server?
a) Interface
b) Encapsulation
c) Inheritance
d) Abstraction

Answer: d) Abstraction

If a ‘Switch’ class extends a ‘NetworkDevice’ class and adds VLAN

Q. 257
functionality, this is an example of:
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: b) Inheritance

Which concept is at play when data packets are bundled with headers and footers
Q. 258
during transmission?
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: b) Encapsulation

When different networking devices can all be managed using a common

Q. 259
management software, it’s due to:
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Inheritance
d) Encapsulation

Answer: b) Polymorphism
 Which concept will allow you to define both ‘WiredConnection’ and
Q. 260
‘WirelessConnection’ under the umbrella of ‘NetworkConnection’?
a) Interface
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Answer: d) Polymorphism

To ensure that only authorized functions can change the network settings of a
Q. 261
device, you’d employ:
a) Abstraction
b) Encapsulation
c) Polymorphism
d) Inheritance

Answer: b) Encapsulation

Which OOP principle would best represent the OSI model’s seven layers in a
Q. 262
networking context?
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: c) Abstraction

In a DNS lookup system, resolving domain names to different IP addresses based

Q. 263
on the request context is a form of:
a) Polymorphism
b) Encapsulation
c) Abstraction
d) Inheritance

Answer: a) Polymorphism

For ensuring that each device in a network has a unique MAC address, the OOP
Q. 264
concept that can be employed is:
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Abstraction
d) Encapsulation

Answer: d) Encapsulation
 When designing a class that will be the blueprint for both public and private IP
Q. 265
addresses, this is a use of:
a) Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: a) Inheritance

Which OOP principle allows a ‘Router’ object to decide at runtime which data
Q. 266
path to use based on network conditions?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Answer: a) Polymorphism

In object-oriented programming, what is the fundamental unit of code

Q. 267
organization?
a) Function
b) Object
c) Module
d) Variable

Correct Answer: b) Object

Q. 268 Which OOP concept allows you to create a new class based on an existing class?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Correct Answer: b) Inheritance

Q. 269 Encapsulation in object-oriented programming refers to:

a) Hiding implementation details and exposing the interface
b) Creating multiple instances of a class
c) Inheriting from a base class
d) Using abstract classes only

Correct Answer: a) Hiding implementation details and exposing the interface

Q. 270 What is the purpose of abstraction in object-oriented programming?

a) Creating instances of classes
b) Defining a base class
 c) Hiding complex implementation details
d) Instantiating objects

Correct Answer: c) Hiding complex implementation details

Which term is used to describe the blueprint for creating objects in object-
Q. 271
oriented programming?
a) Class
b) Interface
c) Method
d) Object

Correct Answer: a) Class

Q. 272 In networking-related OOP, what does a “socket” typically represent?

a) A device’s MAC address
b) A network protocol
c) An endpoint for sending or receiving data
d) A routing table entry

Correct Answer: c) An endpoint for sending or receiving data

Which OOP principle is violated if an object’s internal state is directly

Q. 273
manipulated from outside the class?
a) Encapsulation
b) Inheritance
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Correct Answer: a) Encapsulation

Which OOP feature allows a single function or method to have different

Q. 274
implementations based on the number or types of arguments?
a) Abstraction
b) Polymorphism
c) Encapsulation
d) Inheritance

Correct Answer: b) Polymorphism

Q. 275 In OOP, what does the term “composition” refer to?

a) Creating a new class from an existing class
b) Hiding implementation details
c) Building complex objects from simpler ones
d) Implementing multiple interfaces
 Correct Answer: c) Building complex objects from simpler ones

Q. 276 What is a “constructor” in object-oriented programming?

a) A method that destroys objects
b) A method used to instantiate objects
c) A method for inheriting from a parent class
d) A method that handles exceptions

Correct Answer: b) A method used to instantiate objects

Q. 277 Which OOP concept is used to implement runtime polymorphism?

a) Inheritance
b) Encapsulation
c) Composition
d) Abstraction

Correct Answer: a) Inheritance

In the context of networking, which OOP concept helps in modeling different

Q. 278
types of network devices such as routers, switches, and hubs?
a) Polymorphism
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Abstraction

Correct Answer: b) Inheritance

Which term describes the ability of an object to take on many forms by

Q. 279
implementing multiple interfaces or inheriting from multiple classes?
a) Overloading
b) Overriding
c) Polymorphism
d) Abstraction

Correct Answer: c) Polymorphism

What does the term “method overriding” refer to in object-oriented

Q. 280
programming?
a) Creating a new method in a subclass
b) Hiding internal details of a class
c) Defining a method with the same name in a subclass to provide a specific
implementation
d) Calling a method from another method

Correct Answer: c) Defining a method with the same name in a subclass to

provide a specific implementation
 How does encapsulation contribute to network security in object-oriented
Q. 281
programming?
a) By hiding network protocols
b) By preventing unauthorized access to network resources
c) By simplifying network configuration
d) By facilitating network communication

Correct Answer: b) By preventing unauthorized access to network resources

What is the primary purpose of the “super” keyword in object-oriented

Q. 282
programming?
a) To access superclass members from a subclass
b) To create an instance of a class
c) To define a static method
d) To access private members of a class

Correct Answer: a) To access superclass members from a subclass

Q. 283 In object-oriented programming, what is the concept of “method overloading”?

a) Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
b) Creating a method that performs multiple tasks
c) Hiding the implementation details of a method
d) Calling a method from within the same class

Correct Answer: a) Defining multiple methods with the same name but different
parameters

Which OOP principle is concerned with bundling data (attributes) and methods
Q. 284
that operate on the data into a single unit?
a) Abstraction
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Correct Answer: c) Encapsulation

Which OOP concept allows you to define a generic class with placeholders for
Q. 285
data types and methods?
a) Interface
b) Abstract class
c) Template class
d) Inheritance

Correct Answer: c) Template class

 Which term describes a relationship between classes where one class is a more
Q. 286
specific version of another class?
a) Association
b) Aggregation
c) Inheritance
d) Composition

Correct Answer: c) Inheritance

Which OOP concept enables you to group related classes and interfaces into a
Q. 287
single unit?
a) Inheritance
b) Namespace
c) Package
d) Template class

Correct Answer: c) Package

Q. 288 What is the purpose of the “this” keyword in object-oriented programming?

a) To create a new instance of a class
b) To refer to the current instance of a class
c) To call a method from another method
d) To access a static member of a class

Correct Answer: b) To refer to the current instance of a class

Q. 289 Which term is used to describe the process of creating an object from a class?
a) Polymorphism
b) Instantiation
c) Inheritance
d) Composition

Correct Answer: b) Instantiation

Which OOP concept allows you to define a set of methods that must be
Q. 290
implemented by any concrete class?
a) Abstract class
b) Inheritance
c) Encapsulation
d) Polymorphism

Correct Answer: a) Abstract class

Q. 291 What is the main principle of object-oriented programming (OOP)?

A) Inheritance
B) Iteration
 C) Abstraction
D) Compilation

Correct Answer: A) Inheritance

Which OOP concept allows a class to inherit properties and behaviors from
Q. 292
another class?
A) Encapsulation
B) Polymorphism
C) Abstraction
D) Inheritance

Correct Answer: D) Inheritance

Q. 293 In OOP, what is encapsulation?

A) The process of creating multiple instances of a class
B) The process of hiding the internal implementation details of an object
C) The process of converting objects into primitive data types
D) The process of defining new classes from existing classes

Correct Answer: B) The process of hiding the internal implementation details of

an object

Q. 294 What is a class in the context of object-oriented programming?

A) An instance of an object
B) A blueprint for creating objects with shared properties and behaviors
C) A data structure used for networking purposes
D) A method used for encapsulating data

Correct Answer: B) A blueprint for creating objects with shared properties and
behaviors

Q. 295 Which OOP concept allows different classes to be used interchangeably?

A) Encapsulation
B) Polymorphism
C) Abstraction
D) Inheritance

Correct Answer: B) Polymorphism

Q. 296 In OOP, what does the term “abstraction” refer to?

A) The process of creating objects from classes
B) The process of representing complex real-world objects as simplified models
C) The process of connecting classes in a network
D) The process of implementing security features in objects
 Correct Answer: B) The process of representing complex real-world objects as
simplified models

Q. 297 What is a constructor in OOP?

A) A method used for destroying objects
B) A method used for performing network operations
C) A special method used for initializing objects when they are created
D) A method used for converting objects into strings

Correct Answer: C) A special method used for initializing objects when they are
created

Which OOP principle is violated when a subclass has more restrictive access to a
Q. 298
method than its superclass?
A) Abstraction
B) Encapsulation
C) Polymorphism
D) Inheritance

Correct Answer: D) Inheritance

Q. 299 What is an object in object-oriented programming?

A) A networking protocol
B) A data structure used for storing passwords
C) An instance of a class that encapsulates data and behavior
D) A high-level programming language

Correct Answer: C) An instance of a class that encapsulates data and behavior

How does object-oriented programming promote code reusability and modularity

Q. 300
in networking applications?
A) By enforcing strict typing of variables
B) By using only static methods
C) By creating independent, reusable classes with well-defined interfaces
D) By relying solely on procedural programming techniques

Correct Answer: C) By creating independent, reusable classes with well-defined

interfaces

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