Learning theories of behaviorism and cognitivism are older and are so called core of the traditional paradigm of
education. Learning theories that have been applied in the creation of instructional environments. These theories served as
frameworks for the improvement a learning environment with the ICT integration. Knowledge of these theories enrich our
understanding of how to develop better learner -centered strategies .In this module the following theories namely; behaviorism,
cognitivism, constructivism, and connectivism for the digital age will be discussed.
Learning theories provide conceptual frameworks that can describe the manner in which the information is absorbed, processed
and retained during learning. Often, the same content can be presented in different ways.
Learning theories provide a framework for such learning solution.
With the different theories, this module will discuss - Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism and Connectivism. Today’s
VUCA world prefer innovations and paradigm shifts. The introduction of learner-centered paradigm of education and training to
work well and be cost-effective requires powerful technological tools which are crucial for several reasons (McCombs & Vakili,
2005; Reigeluth & Karnopp, 2013). An activity is a vital factor for the achievement of learning It provides learners with an
experience where learning occurs in context of emerging understanding, testing ideas, generalizing and use of knowledge. In order
for an activity to be effective it must have two key characteristics -it must be ‘learner-centered and authentic.”
In Behaviorism, behavior should not be repeated if negative feedback is given. Giving immediate feedback, whether positive or
negative, should enable learners to behave in a certain way. Recall the good old days when you were in elementary and high
school, what were the common “Positive reinforcement or rewards” that you received from your teachers?
Cognitive theory explains the process of knowledge as to the manner how the information was received,
processed and organized into existing schema; and retrieved upon recall. Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky founded the
unfinished Marxist theory of human cultural and bio-social development sometimes referred to as "sociocultural theory" but more
commonly and correctly accepted as "cultural-historical psychology.
Teachers make use of all kinds of instructional materials depending on the availability and access to
resources. Effective classroom teaching considers that the learning environment is conducive for learning .A
well-equipped classroom that addresses the 21st century education will be able to motivate the generation
Alpha in learning. Remember, they are the most digitally exposed generation who heavily make use of
technology in their day to day life.
