Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Flammability Diagram

    Uploaded by

    pirolizis.uzem
    The document discusses flammability diagrams which show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and nitrogen. Triangular diagrams depict these mixtures and show flammability limits and zones. Understanding involves considering mixtures between pure substances and along stoichiometric lines, with experiments used to determine actual flammability envelopes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Flammability Diagram

    Uploaded by

    pirolizis.uzem
    8 views2 pages
    The document discusses flammability diagrams which show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and nitrogen. Triangular diagrams depict these mixtures and show flammability limits and zones. Understanding involves considering mixtures between pure substances and along stoichiometric lines, with experiments used to determine actual flammability envelopes.

    Original Title

    Flammability_diagram

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses flammability diagrams which show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and nitrogen. Triangular diagrams depict these mixtures and show flammability limits and zones. Understanding involves considering mixtures between pure substances and along stoichiometric lines, with experiments used to determine actual flammability envelopes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views2 pages

    Flammability Diagram

    Uploaded by

    pirolizis.uzem
    The document discusses flammability diagrams which show the control of flammability in mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and nitrogen. Triangular diagrams depict these mixtures and show flammability limits and zones. Understanding involves considering mixtures between pure substances and along stoichiometric lines, with experiments used to determine actual flammability envelopes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Flammability diagram

    Flammability diagrams show the


    control of flammability in mixtures of
    fuel, oxygen and an inert gas, typically
    nitrogen. Mixtures of the three gasses
    are usually depicted in a triangular
    diagram, known as a ternary plot. Such
    diagrams are available in the speciality
    literature.[1][2][3] The same information
    can be depicted in a normal orthogonal
    diagram, showing only two substances,
    implicitly using the feature that the sum
    of all three components is 100 percent.
    The diagrams below only concerns one
    fuel; the diagrams can be generalized
    to mixtures of fuels.

    Understanding
    flammability diagrams Flammability diagram for methane

    Triangular diagrams are not


    commonplace. The easiest way to understand them is to briefly go through three basic steps in their
    construction.

    1. Consider the first triangular diagram below, which shows all possible mixtures of methane,
    oxygen and nitrogen. Air is a mixture of about 21 volume percent oxygen, and 79 volume
    percent inerts (nitrogen). Any mixture of methane and air will therefore lie on the straight line
    between pure methane and pure air - this is shown as the blue air-line. The upper and lower
    flammability limits of methane in air are located on this line, as shown.
    2. The stoichiometric combustion of methane is: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O. The stoichiometric
    concentration of methane in oxygen is therefore 1/(1+2), which is 33 percent. Any
    stoichiometric mixture of methane and oxygen will lie on the straight line between pure
    nitrogen (and zero percent methane) and 33 percent methane (and 67 percent oxygen) - this
    is shown as the red stoichiometric line. The upper and lower flammability limits of methane
    in oxygen are located on the methane axis, as shown.
    3. The actual envelope defining the flammability zone can only be determined based on
    experiments. The envelope will pass through the upper and lower flammability limits of
    methane in oxygen and in air, as shown. The nose of the envelope defines the limiting
    oxygen concentration (LOC)).
    Triangular diagram Any stoichiometric The actual
    showing all possible mixture of methane flammability envelope
    mixtures of methane, and oxygen will lie on defining flammable
    oxygen and nitrogen. the red stoichiometric mixtures of methane
    Any mixture of line
    methane and air will lie
    on the blue air-line

    See also
    Ternary plot
    Flammability limit

    Sources
    Zabetakis, Michael G. (1965). Flammability characteristics of combustible gases and vapors
    (Buletin 627) (https://web.archive.org/web/20120515223551/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/AD7
    01576). US Bureau of Mines, Wash., D.C. p. 129. Archived from the original (http://handle.dti
    c.mil/100.2/AD701576) on May 15, 2012. (His main work, 6.3Mb download)

    Burgess, DS; Furno AL; Kuchta JM; Mura KE (1982). "Flammability of mixed gases". Report
    of Investigations. RI-8709.

    Mashuga, CV; Crowl DA (1998). "Application of the flammability diagram for evaluation of fire
    and explosion hazards of flammable vapors" (http://www.cheric.org/research/tech/periodical
    s/view.php?seq=245248). Process Safety Progress. 17 (3): 176–183.
    doi:10.1002/prs.680170305 (https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fprs.680170305). S2CID 111043890
    (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111043890).

    Crowl, Daniel A. (2003). Understanding Explosions. Wiley-AIChE. ISBN 0-8169-0779-X.

    References
    1. for instance in Michael George Zabetakis' 1965 work, which remains one of the most widely
    cited sources of flammability data.
    2. Mashuga 1998
    3. Crowl 2003

    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flammability_diagram&oldid=1206595841"

    You might also like