SoMachine

EIO0000000361 04/2012

SoMachine
Modbus and ASCII Read/Write Functions
PLCCommunication Library Guide
04/2012
EIO0000000361.06

www.schneider-electric.com
 The information provided in this documentation contains general descriptions and/or
technical characteristics of the performance of the products contained herein. This
documentation is not intended as a substitute for and is not to be used for
determining suitability or reliability of these products for specific user applications. It
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When devices are used for applications with technical safety requirements, the
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Failure to use Schneider Electric software or approved software with our hardware
products may result in injury, harm, or improper operating results.
Failure to observe this information can result in injury or equipment damage.
© 2012 Schneider Electric. All rights reserved.

2 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Table of Contents

Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
About the Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter 1 Communication Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Communication Functions on Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Generic Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Chapter 2 Data Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CommunicationErrorCodes: Communication Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
OperationErrorCodes: Operation Error Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
LinkNumber: Communication Port Number. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
ObjectType: Available Object Types to be Read/Written . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
ADDRESS: External Device Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
ADDR_EXT: Address Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
TCP_ADDR_EXT: Address Extension for TCP Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 3 Function Block Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
ADDM: Convert a String Into an Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
READ_VAR: Read Data from a Modbus Device. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
WRITE_VAR: Write Data to a Modbus Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
WRITE_READ_VAR: Read and Write Internal Registers on a Modbus
Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
SINGLE_WRITE: Write a Single Register to a Modbus Device . . . . . . . . 36
SEND_RECV_MSG: Send and/or Receive User Defined Messages . . . . 38
Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Appendix A Function and Function Block Representation . . . . . . . 43
Differences Between a Function and a Function Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How to Use a Function or a Function Block in IL Language . . . . . . . . . . . 45
How to Use a Function or a Function Block in ST Language . . . . . . . . . . 48
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

EIO0000000361 04/2012 3
4 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Safety Information
§

Important Information

NOTICE
Read these instructions carefully, and look at the equipment to become familiar with
the device before trying to install, operate, or maintain it. The following special
messages may appear throughout this documentation or on the equipment to warn
of potential hazards or to call attention to information that clarifies or simplifies a
procedure.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 5
PLEASE NOTE
Electrical equipment should be installed, operated, serviced, and maintained only by
qualified personnel. No responsibility is assumed by Schneider Electric for any
consequences arising out of the use of this material.
A qualified person is one who has skills and knowledge related to the construction
and operation of electrical equipment and its installation, and has received safety
training to recognize and avoid the hazards involved.

6 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 About the Book

At a Glance

Document Scope
This document describes the PLCCommunication library for controllers.

Validity Note
This document has been updated with the release of SoMachine V3.1.

Product Related Information

WARNING
LOSS OF CONTROL
z The designer of any control scheme must consider the potential failure modes
of control paths and, for certain critical control functions, provide a means to
achieve a safe state during and after a path failure. Examples of critical control
functions are emergency stop and overtravel stop, power outage and restart.
z Separate or redundant control paths must be provided for critical control
functions.
z System control paths may include communication links. Consideration must be
given to the implications of unanticipated transmission delays or failures of the
link.
z Observe all accident prevention regulations and local safety guidelines.1
z Each implementation of this equipment must be individually and thoroughly
tested for proper operation before being placed into service.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or
equipment damage.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 7
 1 For additional information, refer to NEMA ICS 1.1 (latest edition), "Safety
Guidelines for the Application, Installation, and Maintenance of Solid State Control"
and to NEMA ICS 7.1 (latest edition), "Safety Standards for Construction and Guide
for Selection, Installation and Operation of Adjustable-Speed Drive Systems" or their
equivalent governing your particular location.

User Comments
We welcome your comments about this document. You can reach us by e-mail at
[email protected].

8 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 SoMachine
Communication Principles
EIO0000000361 04/2012

Communication Principles

1
Introduction
The communication function blocks for the controller are located in the PLCCommu-
nication library. This library is automatically added to the library manager when a
controller with Ethernet connectivity is added to your project or when a Modbus or
ASCII manager is added to a controller’s serial line.

What’s in this Chapter?

This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic Page
Communication Functions on Controllers 10
Generic Parameters 11

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Communication Principles

Communication Functions on Controllers

Introduction
This topic describes management and operations of the controllers’ communication
functions. The functions facilitate communications between specific devices. Most
of the functions are dedicated to Modbus exchanges. One function
(SEND_RECV_MSG) is used by an ASCII manager to manage the exchange of data
between devices operating on other protocols than Modbus.
NOTE: Communication functions are processed asynchronously with regard to the
application task that called the function.
NOTE: This library is not supported by the ATV IMC Drive Controller.
NOTE: Do not use function blocks of the PLCCommunication library on a serial line
with a Modbus IOScanner configured. This disrupts the Modbus IOScanner
exchange.

Available Function Blocks

This table describes the communication function blocks available to controllers:

Function Description
ADDM (see page 24) This function takes the destination address of an external device
and converts its string representation to an ADDRESS structure.
READ_VAR This function reads standard bits or registers from a Modbus
(see page 30) device.
WRITE_VAR This function writes standard bits or registers to a Modbus device.
(see page 32)
WRITE_READ_VAR This function reads and writes standard bits or registers on
(see page 34) Modbus devices.
SINGLE_WRITE This function writes a single register to an external device.
(see page 36)
SEND_RECV_MSG This function sends and receives user defined messages on
(see page 38) selected media for example, a serial line (not supported by
XBT GC, XBT GT and XBT GK).

10 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Communication Principles

Generic Parameters

Introduction
This topic describes the management and operations of the controllers’
communication functions using the READ_VAR function block as an example. (The
PLCopen standard defines rules for function blocks.)
NOTE: These parameters are common to all PLCCommunication function blocks
(except ADDM).

Graphical Representation
The parameters that are common to all function blocks in the PLCCommunication
library are highlighted in this graphic:

Common Parameters
These parameters are shared by several function blocks in the PLCCommunication
library:

Input Type Comment

Execute BOOL The function is executed on the rising edge of this input.
NOTE: When xExecute is set to TRUE at the first task cycle in RUN after a
cold or warm reset, the rising edge is not detected.
Abort BOOL Aborts the ongoing operation at the rising edge
Addr ADDRESS Address of the targeted external device (can be the output of the ADDM
function block (see page 24))
Timeout WORD Exchange timeout is a multiple of 100 ms (0 for infinite)
NOTE: A function block operation may require several exchanges. The timeout applies to each exchange between
the controller and the modem, so the global duration of the function block might be longer than the timeout.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 11
Communication Principles

Output Type Comment

Done BOOL Done is set to TRUE when the function is completed successfully.
Busy BOOL Busy is set to TRUE while the function is ongoing.
Aborted BOOL Aborted is set to TRUE when the function is aborted with the Abort input. When the
function is aborted, CommError contains the code Canceled - 16#02 (exchange
stopped by a user request).
Error BOOL Error is set to TRUE when the function stops because of a detected error. When there
is a detected error, CommError and OperError contain information about the
detected error.
CommError BYTE CommError contains communication error codes (see page 16).
OperError DWORD OperError contains operation error codes (see page 17).

NOTE:
As soon as the Busy output is reset to 0, one (and only one) of these 3 outputs is
set to 1:
z Done
z Error
z Aborted

Function blocks require a rising edge in order to be initiated. The function block
needs to first see the Execute input as false in order to detect a subsequent rising
edge.

WARNING
UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Always make the first call to a function block with its Execute input set to FALSE
so that it will detect a subsequent rising edge.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or
equipment damage.

12 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Communication Principles

Function Execution
The function starts at the rising edge of the Execute input. The Busy output is then
set to TRUE. This figure shows the function block’s behavior when the operation is
automatically completed (with or without detected errors):

Note 1: The Done or Error bit is set to TRUE during a task cycle only if Execute has already
been reset to FALSE when the operation ended.

Function Aborted
This figure shows the function being aborted by the application. The rising edge of
the Abort input cancels the ongoing function. In such cases, the aborted output is
set to 1 and CommError contains the code Canceled - 16#02 (exchange
stopped by a user request):

Note 1: The Abort bit is set to TRUE during a task cycle only if Execute has already been
reset to FALSE when the abort request occurred.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 13
Communication Principles

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 SoMachine
Data Types
EIO0000000361 04/2012

Data Types

2
Introduction
This chapter describes the data types used by the PLCCommunication library.

What’s in this Chapter?

This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic Page
CommunicationErrorCodes: Communication Error Codes 16
OperationErrorCodes: Operation Error Codes 17
LinkNumber: Communication Port Number 18
ObjectType: Available Object Types to be Read/Written 19
ADDRESS: External Device Address 20
ADDR_EXT: Address Extension 21
TCP_ADDR_EXT: Address Extension for TCP Devices 22

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Data Types

CommunicationErrorCodes: Communication Error Codes

Enumerated Type Description

The CommunicationErrorCodes enumerated type contains information about
communication diagnostics, such as interruptions and detected errors. It contains
these values:

Enumerator Value Description

(hex)
CommunicationOK 00 The exchange is valid.
TimedOut 01 The exchange stopped when the timeout
expired.
Canceled 02 The exchange was stopped by a user
request (the Abort command).
BadAddress 03 The address format is incorrect.
BadRemoteAddr 04 The remote address is incorrect.
BadMgtTable 05 The management table format is incorrect.
BadParameters 06 Specific parameters are incorrect.
ProblemSendingRq 07 There was a problem while sending the
request to the destination.
RecvBufferTooSmall 09 The reception buffer size is too small.
SendBufferTooSmall 0A The transmission buffer size is too small.
SystemRessourceMissing 0B A system resource is missing.
BadTransactionNb 0C The transaction number is incorrect.
BadLength 0E The length is incorrect.
ProtocolSpecificError FE The operation error code contains a protocol-
specific code.
Refused FF The message was refused.

16 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Data Types

OperationErrorCodes: Operation Error Codes

Enumerated Type Description

The OperationErrorCodes enumerated type contains codes that correspond to
detected errors.

00
When the communication error code is 00 hex (correct transaction), the
OperationErrorCodes enumerated type can return these values:

Enumerator Value Description

(hex)
OperationOK 00 The exchange is valid.
NotProcessed_or_TargetResourceMissing 01 The request has not been processed.
BadResponse 02 The received response is incorrect.

FF
When the communication error code is FF hex (message refused), the
OperationErrorCodes enumerated type can return these values:

Enumerator Value Description

(hex)
NotProcessed_or_TargetResourceMissing 01 The target system’s resource is absent.
BadLength 05 The length is incorrect.
CommChannelErr 06 The communication channel is associated with a
detected error.
BadAddr 07 The address is incorrect.
SystemResourceMissing 0B A system resource is missing.
TargetCommInactive 0C A target communication function is not active.
TargetMissing 0D The target is absent.
ChannelNotConfigured 0F The channel is not configured.

FE
When the communication error code is FE hex, the OperationErrorCodes
enumerated type contains the protocol-specific error detection code. (Refer to your
specific protocol’s error detection codes.)

EIO0000000361 04/2012 17
Data Types

LinkNumber: Communication Port Number

Enumerated Type Description

The LinkNumber enumerated data type is a list of the available communication
ports. It contains these values:

Enumerator Value (hex) Description

USBConsole 00 USB port not available for communication exchanges
COM1 01 Serial COM 1 (embedded serial link)
COM2 02 Serial COM 2
EthEmbed 03 Embedded Ethernet link
CANEmbed 04 Embedded CANopen link
COM3 05 Serial COM 3

If one serial PCI module is installed then the serial PCI module link is COM2,
regardless of the physical PCI slots used.
If two serial PCI modules are installed then the serial PCI module plugged on the left
side PCI slots is COM2 and the serial PCI module plugged on the right side PCI slots
is COM3.

18 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Data Types

ObjectType: Available Object Types to be Read/Written

Enumerated Type Description

The ObjectType enumerated data type contains the object types that are available
for reading and/or writing.
The table below lists the data type values, the corresponding object types and the
Modbus request function codes associated with each function block:

Read / Write Functions and associated Modbus Request Function

Code
Enu- Value Object Type) READ_VAR WRITE_VAR SINGLE_WRITE WRITE_READ_VAR
merator (hex)
MW 00 Holding Register (16 bits) #3 (Read #16 (Write #6 (Write Single #23 (Write-Read
Holding Multiple Register) Multiple Registers)
Registers) Registers)
I 01 Digital Input (1 bit) #2 (Read — — —
Digital Inputs)
Q 02 Internal bit or Digital #1 (Read #15 (Write — —
output (coil) (1 bit) Coils) Multiple
Coils)
IW 03 Input register (16 bits) #4 (Read — — —
Input
Registers)

EIO0000000361 04/2012 19
Data Types

ADDRESS: External Device Address

Structure Description
The ADDRESS data structure contains the external device address. It contains these
variables:

Variable Type Description

_Type BYTE Reserved
_CliID BYTE Reserved
Rack BYTE Rack number (always 0)
Module BYTE Module number (always 0)
Link LinkNumber Communication port number
(see page 18)
_ProtId BYTE Reserved (0 for Modbus)
AddrLen BYTE Length of Unitld and AddrExt variables (in bytes)
UnitId BYTE Equipment number (e.g., Modbus slave address)
AddrExt ADDR_EXT Contains an address extension as an array or as a specific
(see page 21) structure

20 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Data Types

ADDR_EXT: Address Extension

Union Description
ADDR_EXT is a UNION data type that contains an address extension as an array or
as a specific structure for the TCP/IP address. It contains these variables:

Variable Type Description

as_array ARRAY [0...7] OF BYTE Reserved (open for other protocol addressing)
TcpAddr TCP_ADDR_EXT The specific structure for TCP remote devices

EIO0000000361 04/2012 21
Data Types

TCP_ADDR_EXT: Address Extension for TCP Devices

Structure Description
The TCP_ADDR_EXT structure data type contains the address extension for TCP
external devices. It contains these variables:

Variable Type Description

A BYTE First value in IP address A.B.C.D
B BYTE Second value in IP address A.B.C.D
C BYTE Third value in IP address A.B.C.D
D BYTE Last value in IP address A.B.C.D
port WORD TCP port number (Modbus default: 502)

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 SoMachine
Function Block Descriptions
EIO0000000361 04/2012

Function Block Descriptions

3
Introduction
This chapter describes the function blocks in the PLCCommunication library.

What’s in this Chapter?

This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic Page
ADDM: Convert a String Into an Address 24
READ_VAR: Read Data from a Modbus Device 30
WRITE_VAR: Write Data to a Modbus Device 32
WRITE_READ_VAR: Read and Write Internal Registers on a Modbus Device 34
SINGLE_WRITE: Write a Single Register to a Modbus Device 36
SEND_RECV_MSG: Send and/or Receive User Defined Messages 38

EIO0000000361 04/2012 23
Function Block Descriptions

ADDM: Convert a String Into an Address

Function Description
The ADDM function block converts a destination address that is represented as a
string to an ADDRESS structure that can be used as an entry in a communication
function block.

Graphical Representation

ADDM-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input/Output Type Comment

AddrTable ADDRESS This is the ADDRESS structure to be filled by the function block.

Input Type Comment

Execute BOOL Executes the function at the rising edge
Addr STRING Address in STRING type to be converted in ADDRESS type (see details below)

Output Type Comment

Done BOOL Done is set to TRUE when the function is completed successfully.
NOTE: When the operation is aborted with the Abort input, Done is not set to 1 (only
Aborted).
Error BOOL Error is set to TRUE when the function stops because of a detected error. When
there is a detected error, CommError and OperError contain information about the
detected error.
CommError BYTE CommError contains communication error codes (see page 16).

NOTE: A rising edge on the Execute input executes the conversion and returns an
immediate update of AddrTable. However, AddrTable retains the last value
when an error is detected (that is, when the Addr string is not correct).
Function blocks require a rising edge in order to be initiated. The function block
needs to first see the Execute input as false in order to detect a subsequent rising
edge.

24 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

WARNING
UNINTENDED EQUIPMENT OPERATION
Always make the first call to a function block with its Execute input set to FALSE
so that it will detect a subsequent rising edge.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or
equipment damage.

Addr STRING for ASCII Address Format

For ASCII addressing, only the communication port number is requested:
‘<communication port number>’
For example, to send a user defined message on serial line 2, use the string ‘2’.
This table defines the fields in the ADDM output for the ASCII address format:

Field Type Value Example

_Type BYTE Reserved not used
_CliID BYTE Reserved not used
Rack BYTE Rack number (always 0) 0
Module BYTE Module number (always 0) 0
Link LinkNumber <communication port number> 2
(see page 18)
_ProtId BYTE Not used not used
AddrLen BYTE 0 0
UnitId BYTE Not used not used
AddrExt ADDR_EXT Not used not used

EIO0000000361 04/2012 25
Function Block Descriptions

Addr STRING for Modbus Serial Address Format

For Modbus serial addressing, use the communication port and the destination slave
address (0 to 247), separated by a dot: ‘<communication port
number>.<slave address>’
For example, send a message to slave 8 on serial line 2 with this syntax: ‘2.8’
The ADDM function fills the AddrTable input/output with these values:

Field Type Value Example

_Type BYTE Reserved not used
_CliID BYTE Reserved not used
Rack BYTE Rack number (always 0) 0
Module BYTE Module number (always 0) 0
Link LinkNumber (see page 18) <communication port number> 2
_ProtId BYTE 0 for Modbus 0
AddrLen BYTE 1 1
UnitId BYTE <slave address> 8
AddrExt ADDR_EXT Not used not used

Addr STRING for Modbus TCP Address Format

Address of a Modbus TCP Standard Slave
For the Modbus TCP standard slave address format, the communication port
number (3 for the embedded Ethernet port) and the destination IP address {A.B.C.D}
(offset with brackets) are requested:
‘<communication port number>{<IP address A.B.C.D>}’
NOTE: A Modbus TCP standard slave uses Modbus address 255 (the UnitId
default value). However, a Modbus TCP device may have different value (for
example, a Tesys has Modbus address 1). In this case, add the UnitId value.
TCP port 502 is used by default. It’s possible to use a non-standard port by adding
the requested port number to the IP address:
‘<communication port number A.B.C.D>{<IP address>:<port>}’
For example, to send a message at Modbus TCP slave IP address 192.168.1.2
using standard TCP port 502, use this string: ‘3{192.168.1.2}’

26 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

The ADDM function fills the AddrTable input/output with these values:

Field Type Value Example

_Type BYTE Reserved not used
_CliID BYTE Reserved not used
Rack BYTE Rack number 0
Module BYTE Module number 0
Link LinkNumber <communication port number> 3
(see page 18)
_ProtId BYTE 0 for Modbus 0
AddrLen BYTE UnitID + AdrExt length in bytes 7
UnitId BYTE Modbus address (255 by default) 255
AddrExt TCP_ADDR_EXT A 192
B 168
C 1
D 2
<port> (default = 502) 502

Address of a Modbus Serial Slave Through Ethernet/Serial Line Gateway

It’s also possible to address a Modbus slave through an Ethernet/serial line
gateway:

The request includes the communication port number, gateway IP address

{A.B.C.D} (offset with brackets with or without TCP port), and the Modbus serial
slave address (UnitId parameter):
‘<communication port number>{<IP address A.B.C.D>}<slave
address>’
For example, to send a message at Modbus Serial slave address 5 through a
Ethernet/serial line gateway at IP address 192.168.1.2 using standard TCP port
502, use this string: ‘3{192.168.1.2}5’

EIO0000000361 04/2012 27
Function Block Descriptions

The ADDM function fills the AddrTable input/output with these values:

Field Size Value Example

_Type BYTE Reserved not used
_CliID BYTE Reserved not used
Rack BYTE Rack number 0
Module BYTE Module number 0
Link LinkNumber <communication port number> 3
(see page 18)
_ProtId BYTE 0 for Modbus 0
AddrLen BYTE UnitID + AdrExt length in bytes 7
UnitId BYTE <Slave address> 5
AddrExt TCP_ADDR_EXT A 192
B 168
C 1
D 2
TCP port number (default = 502) 502

28 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

Example
This example shows the declaration and use of ADDM as an input to the READ_VAR
function block. ADDM converts the address of slave 8 on serial line 1 from the string
’1.8’ to an ADDRESS type:

NOTE: The Busy output assigned to start allows for the continuous execution of
READ_VAR. The start variable must be set to TRUE (by the user online or the
application) after the first cycle to initiate continuous reading. This example does not
show the management of exchange errors.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 29
Function Block Descriptions

READ_VAR: Read Data from a Modbus Device

Function Description
The READ_VAR function block reads data from an external device in the Modbus
protocol.

Graphical Representation

READ_VAR-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input Type Comment

ObjType ObjectType ObjType is the type of object to be read (MW, I, IW, Q)
(see page 19).
FirstObj DINT FirstObj is the index of the first object to be read.
Quantity UINT Quantity is the number of objects to be read:
z 1-125: registers (MW and IW types)
z 1-2000: bits (I and Q types)

Buffer POINTER TO Buffer is the address of the buffer in which object

BYTE values will be stored. The ADR standard function must
be used to define the associated pointer. (See the
example below.) The buffer is a table that receives the
values that are read in the device. For example, the
reading of 4 registers is stored in a table of 4 words and
the reading of 32 bits requires a table of 2 words or
4 bytes, each bit of which is set to the corresponding
value of the remote device.

The input and output parameters that are common to all PLCCommunication library
function blocks are described elsewhere (see page 11).

30 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

Example
This POU allows the reading of internal registers 1 and 2 (MW1 and MW2) of the
Modbus slave with address 8 on serial line 1.
This figure shows the declaration and use of the READ_VAR function:

NOTE: The Busy output assigned to start allows for the continuous execution of
ADDM and READ_VAR. The start variable must be set to TRUE (online by the
user or by the application) after the first cycle to initiate continuous reading. This
example does not show the management of exchange errors.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 31
Function Block Descriptions

WRITE_VAR: Write Data to a Modbus Device

Function Description
The WRITE_VAR function block writes objects to an external device in the Modbus
protocol.

Graphical Representation

WRITE_VAR-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input Type Comment

ObjType ObjectType ObjType describes the type of object(s) to write (MW, Q) (see page 19).
FirstObj DINT FirstObj is the index of the first object to write.
Quantity UINT Quantity is the number of objects to be read:
z 1-123: registers (MW type)
z 1-1968: bits (Q type)

Buffer POINTER TO Buffer is the address of the buffer in which object values will be stored. The ADR
BYTE standard function must be used to define the associated pointer. (See the
example below.) The buffer is a table that receives the values that have to be
written in the device. For example, the written values of 4 registers are stored in
a table of 4 words and the written values of 32 bits require a table of 2 words or
4 bytes, each bit of which is set to the corresponding value.

32 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

The input and output parameters that are common to all PLCCommunication library
function blocks are described elsewhere (see page 11).

WARNING
EXCHANGED DATA INCOMPATIBILITY
Verify that the exchanged data are compatible because data structure alignments
are not the same for all devices.
Failure to follow these instructions can result in death, serious injury, or
equipment damage.

Example
This POU allows the writing to digital outputs/internal bits 0 to 9 (Q0 to Q9) of a
Modbus slave at address 8 on serial line 1:

NOTE: The Busy output assigned to start allows for the continuous execution of
ADDM and WRITE_VAR. The start variable must be set to TRUE (online by the
user or by the application) after the first cycle to initiate continuous reading/writing.
This example does not show the management of exchange errors.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 33
Function Block Descriptions

WRITE_READ_VAR: Read and Write Internal Registers on a Modbus Device

Function Description
This function reads and writes internal registers (MW type only) to an external device
in the Modbus protocol. The read and a write operations are contained in a single
transaction.
The write operation is performed first. The Write_Read_Var function can then:
z write consecutive internal registers and immediately read back their values for
verification
z write some consecutive internal registers and read others in a single unique
request

Graphical Representation

WRITE_READ_VAR-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input Type Comment

ObjType ObjectType ObjType is the object type to be written and read (MW only).
(see page 19)
FirstWriteObj DINT FirstWriteObj is the index of the first object to write.
WriteQuantity UINT WriteQuantity is the number of objects to write:
z 1-121: registers (MW type)

WriteBuffer POINTER TO WriteBuffer is the address of the buffer in which objects values are
BYTE stored. The ADR standard function must be used to define the associated
pointer. (See the example below.) The buffer is a table that receives the
values that are written in the device.

34 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

Input Type Comment

FirstReadObj DINT ReadFirstObj is the index of the first object to be read.
ReadQuantity UINT ReadQuantity represents the number of objects to be read:
z 1-125: registers (MW type)

ReadBuffer POINTER TO ReadBuffer is the address of the buffer in which objects values will be
BYTE stored. The ADR standard function must be used to define the associated
pointer. (See the example below.) The buffer is a table that receives the
values that are read in the device.

The input and output parameters that are common to all PLCCommunication library
function blocks are described elsewhere (see page 11).

Example
This POU allows the writing to internal registers 1 and 2 (MW1 and MW2) and the
reading of internal registers 3 and 4 (MW3 and MW4) of a Modbus slave at
address 8 on serial line 1:
1 PROGRAM Write_Read_Var_Example
2 VAR
3 SL1_Slave8_addr: ADDRESS;
4 Address_Computation: ADDM;
5
6 SendBuffer : ARRAY [0..1] OF WORD;
7 ReceiveBuffer : ARRAY [0..1] OF WORD;
8 start: BOOL;
9 Value_to_write_to_MW1_slave8: WORD;
10 Value_to_write_to_MW2_slave8: WORD;
11 MW3_from_slave8: WORD;
12 MW4_from_slave8: WORD;
13 Write_MW1_MW2_and_Read_MW3_MW4_on_slave_8_on_SL1: WRITE_READ_VAR;
14 END_VAR

1
MOVE
Value_to_write_to_MW1_slave8 SendBuffer[0]
2
MOVE
Value_to_write_to_MW2_slave8 SendBuffer[1]
Write_MW1_MW2_and_Read_
3 Address_Computation MW3_MW4_on_slave_8_on_SL1
ADDM WRITE READ VAR
SL1_Slave8_addr AddrTable Done Execute Done
start Execute Error Abort Busy start
‘1.8’ Addr CommError SL1_Slave8_addr Addr Aborted
5 Timeout Error
0bjecttype.MW 0bjType CommError
1 FirstWrite0bj OperError
2 WriteQuantity
ADR (SendBuffer) WriteBuffer
3 FirstRead0bj
2 ReadQuantity
4 ADR (ReceiveBuffer)
MOVE ReadBuffer
ReceiveBuffer[0] MW3_from_slave

5 MOVE
ReceiveBuffer[1] MW4_from_slave

NOTE: The Busy output assigned to start allows for the continuous execution of
ADDM and WRITE_READ_VAR. The start variable must be set to TRUE (online
by the user or by the application) after the first cycle to initiate continuous
writing/reading. This example does not show the management of exchange errors.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 35
Function Block Descriptions

SINGLE_WRITE: Write a Single Register to a Modbus Device

Function Description
The SINGLE_WRITE function block writes a single internal register to an external
Modbus device.

Graphical Representation

SINGLE_WRITE-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input Type Comment

ObjType ObjectType ObjType describes the type of object(s) to write (MW
only) (see page 19).
FirstObject DINT FirstObject is the index of the object to write.
theWord WORD This input contains the value to write.

The input and output parameters that are common to all PLCCommunication library
function blocks are described elsewhere (see page 11).

36 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

Example
This POU allows the writing of value 12 to internal register 1 (MW1) of a Modbus
slave at address 8 on serial line 1:

NOTE: The Busy output assigned to start allows for the continuous execution of
ADDM and SINGLE_WRITE. The start variable must be set to TRUE (by the user
online or the application) after the first cycle to initiate continuous reading/writing.
This example does not show the management of exchange errors.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 37
Function Block Descriptions

SEND_RECV_MSG: Send and/or Receive User Defined Messages

Function Description
The SEND_RECV_MSG function block sends and receives user defined messages. It
sends a message on the selected media (for example, a serial line) and then waits
for a response. It is also possible to either send without waiting for a response or to
receive a message without sending one.
This function should be used with an ASCII manager. It could also be used with a
Modbus manager if you want to send a request that is not implemented in the
communication library. In this case, you have to build the request yourself.
The SEND_RECV_MSG function block is not supported by XBT GC, XBT GT and
XBT GK

Graphical Representation

SEND_RECV_MSG-Specific Parameter Descriptions

Input Type Comment

QuantityToSend UINT QuantityToSend is the number of bytes to send.
Controller limitation:
z M238: 252 bytes
z M258/LMC058: 1050 bytes

BufferToSend POINTER BufferToSend is the address of the buffer (array of bytes) in which the message
TO BYTE to send is stored. The ADR standard function must be used to define the associated
pointer. (See the example below.) If 0, the function makes a receive-only.
SizeRecvBuffer UINT SizeRecvBuffer is the available size (in bytes) of the receive buffer.
The size of the received data (in bytes) is available in the function block instance
internal property (internal variable): <Instance Name>.NbRecvBytes.
Controller limitation:
z M238: 252 bytes
z M258/LMC058: 1050 bytes

BufferToRecv POINTER BufferToRecv is the address of the buffer (array of SizeRecvBuffer bytes) in
TO BYTE which the received message will be stored. The ADR standard function must be
used to define the associated pointer. (See the example below.) If 0, the function
makes a send-only.

38 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function Block Descriptions

For send only operations, the exchange is complete (Busy reset to 0) when all data
(including eventual start and stop characters) have been sent to the line.
For a send/receive or receive only operation, the system receives characters until
the ending condition. When the ending condition is reached, the exchange is
complete (Busy reset to 0). Received characters are then copied into the receive
buffer up to sizeRecvBuffer characters and the size of the received data (in
bytes) is available in function block instance property (internal variable): <Instance
Name>.NbRecvBytes. The sizeRecvBuffer input does not represent an ending
condition.
The input and output parameters that are common to all PLCCommunication library
function blocks are described elsewhere (see page 11).
The starting and ending conditions of user defined messages are configured in the
ASCII manager’s configuration dialog box:

NOTE: There are no start and end characters in this example. The received frame
ending condition is a 250ms Timeout.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 39
Function Block Descriptions

Example
This POU allows the send-only of the user defined message “hello” on serial line 1:

NOTE: A rising edge on the Start variable launches the conversion of an address
and the sending of the message.

40 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 SoMachine

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Appendices

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42 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 SoMachine
Function and Function Block Representation
EIO0000000361 04/2012

Function and Function Block

Representation
A
Overview
Each function can be represented in the following languages:
z IL: Instruction List
z ST: Structured Text
z LD: Ladder Diagram
z FBD: Function Block Diagram
z CFC: Continuous Function Chart

This chapter provides functions and function blocks representation examples and
explains how to use them for IL and ST languages.

What’s in this Chapter?

This chapter contains the following topics:
Topic Page
Differences Between a Function and a Function Block 44
How to Use a Function or a Function Block in IL Language 45
How to Use a Function or a Function Block in ST Language 48

EIO0000000361 04/2012 43
Function and Function Block Representation

Differences Between a Function and a Function Block

Function
A function:
z is a POU (Program Organization Unit) that returns one immediate result
z is directly called with its name (not through an Instance)
z has no persistent state from one call to the other
z can be used as an operand in other expressions

Examples: boolean operators (AND), calculations, conversion (BYTE_TO_INT)

Function Block
A function block:
z is a POU (Program Organization Unit) that returns one or more outputs
z is always called through an Instance (function block copy with dedicated name
and variables)
z each Instance has a persistent state (outputs and internal variables) from one
call to the other
Examples: timers, counters
In the example below, Timer_ON is an instance of the Function Block TON:

44 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function and Function Block Representation

How to Use a Function or a Function Block in IL Language

General Information
This part explains how to implement a Function and a Function Block in IL language.
Functions IsFirstMastCycle and SetRTCDrift and Function Block TON are
used as examples to show implementations.

Using a Function in IL Language

The following procedure describes how to insert a function in IL language:

Step Action
1 Open or create a new POU in Instruction List language.
NOTE: The procedure to create a POU is not detailed here. For more information, refer to the SoMachine
global help.
2 Create the variables that the function requires.
3 If the function has 1 or more inputs, start loading the first input using LD instruction.
4 Insert a new line below and:
z type the name of the function in the operator column (left field), or
z use the Input Assistant to select the function (select Insert Box in context menu).

5 If the function has more than 1 input and when Input Assistant is used, the necessary number of lines is
automatically created with ??? in the fields on the right. Replace the ??? with the appropriate value or
variable that corresponds to the order of inputs.
6 Insert a new line to store the result of the function into the appropriate variable: type ST instruction in the
operator column (left field) and the variable name in the field on the right.

To illustrate the procedure, consider the Functions IsFirstMastCycle (without

input parameter) and SetRTCDrift (with input parameters) graphically presented
below:

Function Graphical Representation

without input parameter:
IsFirstMastCycle

with input parameters:

SetRTCDrift

EIO0000000361 04/2012 45
Function and Function Block Representation

In IL language, the function name is used directly in the Operator Column:

Function Representation in SoMachine POU IL Editor

IL example of a function
without input parameter:
IsFirstMastCycle

IL example of a function
with input parameters:
SetRTCDrift

Using a Function Block in IL language

The following procedure describes how to insert a function block in IL language:

Step Action
1 Open or create a new POU in Instruction List language.
NOTE: The procedure to create a POU is not detailed here. For more information, refer to the SoMachine
global help.
2 Create the variables that the function block requires, including the instance name.

46 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function and Function Block Representation

Step Action
3 Function Blocks are called using a CAL instruction:
z Use the Input Assistant to select the FB (right-click and select Insert Box in context menu).
z Automatically, the CAL instruction and the necessary I/O are created.

Each parameter (I/O) is an instruction:

z Value to inputs are set by ":=".
z Values to outputs are set by "=>".

4 In the CAL right-side field, replace ??? with the instance name.
5 Replace other ??? with an appropriate variable or immediate value.

To illustrate the procedure, consider this example with the TON Function Block
graphically presented below:

Function Block Graphical Representation

TON

In IL language, the function block name is used directly in the Operator Column:

Function Block Representation in SoMachine POU IL Editor

TON

EIO0000000361 04/2012 47
Function and Function Block Representation

How to Use a Function or a Function Block in ST Language

General Information
This part explains how to implement a Function and a Function Block in ST
language.
Function SetRTCDrift and Function Block TON are used as examples to show
implementations.

Using a Function in ST Language

The following procedure describes how to insert a function in ST language:

Step Action
1 Open or create a new POU in Structured Text language.
NOTE: The procedure to create a POU is not detailed here. For more information, refer to the SoMachine
global help.
2 Create the variables that the function requires.
3 Use the general syntax in the POU ST Editor for the ST language of a function. The general syntax is:
FunctionResult:= FunctionName(VarInput1, VarInput2,.. VarInputx);

To illustrate the procedure, consider the function SetRTCDrift graphically

presented below:

Function Graphical Representation

SetRTCDrift

The ST language of this function is the following:

Function Representation in SoMachine POU ST Editor

SetRTCDrift PROGRAM MyProgram_ST
VAR myDrift: SINT(-29..29) := 5;
myDay: DAY_OF_WEEK := SUNDAY;
myHour: HOUR := 12;
myMinute: MINUTE;
myRTCAdjust: RTCDRIFT_ERROR;
END_VAR
myRTCAdjust:= SetRTCDrift(myDrift, myDay, myHour, myMinute);

48 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Function and Function Block Representation

Using a Function Block in ST Language

The following procedure describes how to insert a function block in ST language:

Step Action
1 Open or create a new POU in Structured Text language.
NOTE: The procedure to create a POU is not detailed here. For more information, refer to the SoMachine
global help.
2 Create the input and output variables and the instance required for the function block:
z Input variables are the input parameters required by the function block
z Output variables receive the value returned by the function block

3 Use the general syntax in the POU ST Editor for the ST language of a Function Block. The general syntax
is:
FunctionBlock_InstanceName(Input1:=VarInput1, Input2:=VarInput2,...
Ouput1=>VarOutput1, Ouput2=>VarOutput2,...);

To illustrate the procedure, consider this example with the TON function block
graphically presented below:

Function Block Graphical Representation

TON

The following table shows examples of a function block call in ST language:

Function Block Representation in SoMachine POU ST Editor

TON

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Function and Function Block Representation

50 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 SoMachine
Glossary
EIO0000000361 04/2012

Glossary

0-9

%I
According to the IEC standard, %I represents an input bit (for example a language
object of type digital IN).

%IW
According to the IEC standard, %IW represents an input word register (for example
a language object of type analog IN).

%MW
According to the IEC standard, %MW represents a memory word register (for
example a language object of type memory word).

%Q
According to the IEC standard, %Q represents an output bit (for example a language
object of type digital OUT).

%QW
According to the IEC standard, %QW represents an output word register (for
example a language object of type analog OUT).

EIO0000000361 04/2012 51
Glossary

1-phase counter
A 1-phase counter uses 1 hardware input as counter input. It usually counts up or
counts down when there is pulse signal in the input.

2-phase counter
A 2-phase counter uses the phase difference between 2 input counter signals to
count up or count down.

ADC
analog/digital converter

AFB
application function block

AMOA
An address of modbus of option application board installed on the drive.

analog input
An analog input module contains circuits that convert an analog DC input signal to
a digital value that can be manipulated by the processor. By implication, the analog
input is usually direct. That means a data table value directly reflects the analog
signal value.

analog output
An analog output module contains circuits that transmit an analog DC signal
proportional to a digital value input to the module from the processor. By implication,
these analog outputs are usually direct. That means a data table value directly
controls the analog signal value.

application source
The application source file can be uploaded to the PC to reopen a SoMachine
project. This source file can support a full SoMachine project (for example, one that
includes HMI application).

52 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

ARP
The address resolution protocol is the IP network layer protocol for Ethernet that
maps an IP address to a MAC (hardware) address.

ARRAY
An ARRAY is a table containing elements of a single type. The syntax is as follows:
ARRAY [<limits>] OF <Type>
Example 1: ARRAY [1..2] OF BOOL is a 1-dimensional table with 2 elements of
type BOOL.
Example 2: ARRAY [1..10, 1..20] OF INT is a 2-dimensional table with 10x20
elements of type INT.

ARW
anti-reset windup

ASCII
The american standard code for information interchange is a communication
protocol for representing alphanumeric characters (letters, numbers, and certain
graphic and control characters).

assigned variable
A variable is "assigned" if its location in controller memory can be known. For
example, the Water_pressure variable is said to be assigned through its
association with memory location %MW102.Water_pressure.

ATC
analog tension control

ATV
ATV is the model prefix for Altivar drives. (For example, “ATV312” refers to the
Altivar 312 variable speed drive.)

AWG
The american wire gauge standard specifies wire gauges in North America.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 53
Glossary

BCD
The binary coded decimal format represents decimal numbers between 0 and 9 with
a set of 4 bits (a nybble/nibble, also titled as Halfbyte). In this format, the 4 bits used
to encode decimal numbers have an unused range of combinations. For example,
the number 2,450 is encoded as 0010 0100 0101 0000

BOOL
A Boolean type is the basic data type in computing. A BOOL variable can have one
of these values: 0 (FALSE), 1 (TRUE). A bit that is extracted from a word is of type
BOOL, for example: %MW10.4 is a fifth bit a memory word number 10.

Boot application
Files that contain machine dependent parameters:
z machine name
z device name or IP address
z Modbus Serial Line address
z Routing table

BOOTP
The bootstrap protocol is a UDP network protocol that can be used by a network
client to automatically obtain an IP address (and possibly other data) from a server.
The client identifies itself to the server using the client MAC address. The server—
which maintains a pre-configured table of client device MAC addresses and
associated IP addresses—sends the client its pre-configured IP address. BOOTP
was originally used as a method that enabled diskless hosts to be remotely booted
over a network. The BOOTP process assigns an infinite lease of an IP address. The
BOOTP service utilizes UDP ports 67 and 68.

bps
bit per second as a definition of transmission rate, also given in conjunction with
multiplicator kilo (kbps) and mega (mbps).

BSH
BSH is a Lexium servo motor from Schneider Electric.

54 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

bus base
A bus base is a mounting device that is designed to seat an electronic module on a
DIN rail and connect it to the TM5 bus for M258 and LMC058 controllers. Each base
bus extends the TM5 data and to the power buses and the 24 Vdc I/O power
segment. The electronic modules are added to the TM5 system through their
insertion on the base bus. The base bus also supplies the articulation point for the
terminal blocks.

BYTE
When 8 bits are grouped together, they are called a BYTE. You can enter a BYTE
either in binary mode or in base 8. The BYTE type is encoded in an 8-bit format that
ranges from 16#00 to 16#FF (in hexadecimal format).

calibration
Graduates a piece of measuring apparatus.

CAN
The controller area network protocol (ISO 11898) for serial bus networks is designed
for the interconnection of smart devices (from multiple manufacturers) in smart
systems for real-time industrial applications. Originally developed for use in
automobiles, CAN is now used in a variety of industrial automation control
environments.

CANmotion
CANmotion is a CANopen-based motion bus with an additional mechanism that
provides synchronization between the motion controller and the drives.

CANopen
CANopen is an open industry-standard communication protocol and device profile
specification.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 55
Glossary

CFC
The continuous function chart (an extension of the IEC61131-3 standard) is a
graphical programming language that works like a flowchart. By adding simple logic
blocks (AND, OR, etc.), each function or function block in the program is
represented in this graphical format. For each block, the inputs are on the left and
the outputs on the right. Block outputs can be linked to inputs of other blocks in order
to create complex expressions.

CiA
CAN in automation is a non-profit group of manufacturers and users dedicated to
developing and supporting CAN-based higher layer protocols.

CIP
When the common industrial protocol is implemented in a network application layer,
it can communicate seamlessly with other CIP-based networks without regard to the
protocol. For example, the implementation of CIP in the application layer of an
Ethernet TCP/IP network creates an EtherNet/IP environment. Similarly, CIP in the
application layer of a CAN network creates a DeviceNet environment. In that case,
devices on the EtherNet/IP network can communicate with devices on the
DeviceNet network through CIP bridges or routers.

CMU
The current measurement unit is used to convert the relative current value (%)
provided by TeSys into a real ISO value (A).

configuration
The configuration includes the arrangement and interconnection of hardware
components within a system and the hardware and software selections that
determine the operating characteristics of the system.

controller
A controller (or “programmable logic controller,” or “programmable controller”) is
used to automate industrial processes.

controller status output

The controller status output is a special function used in circuits that are external to
the controller that control the power supply to the output devices or the controller
power supply.

56 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

CPDM
controller power distribution module

CRC
A network message’s cyclic redundancy check field contains a small number of bits
that produce a checksum. The message is calculated by the transmitter according
to the message’s content. Receiving nodes then recalculate the field. Any
discrepancy in the two CRC fields indicates that the transmitted message and the
received message are different.

CSA
The canadian standards association defines and maintains standards for industrial
electronic equipment in hazardous environments.

CTS
Clear to send is a data transmission signal and acknowledges the RDS signal from
the transmitting station.

cyclic task
The cyclic scan time has a fixed duration (interval) specified by the user. If the
current scan time is shorter than the cyclic scan time, the controller waits until the
cyclic scan time has elapsed before starting a new scan.

data log
The controller logs events relative to the user application in a data log.

DCE
Data communications equipment describes devices (often modems) that start, stop,
and sustain network sessions.

Derating
Derating describes a reduction in an operating specification. For devices in general
it is usually a specified reduction in nominal power to facilitate operation at increased
ambient conditions like higher temperatures or higher altitudes.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 57
Glossary

DHCP
The dynamic host configuration protocol is an advanced extension of BOOTP.
DHCP is a more advanced, but both DHCP and BOOTP are common. (DHCP can
handle BOOTP client requests.)

digital I/O
A digital input or output has an individual circuit connection at the electronic module
that corresponds directly to a data table bit that holds the value of the signal at that
I/O circuit. It gives the control logic digital access to I/O values.

DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung is a German institution that sets engineering and
dimensional standards.

DINT
A double integer type is encoded in a 32-bit format.

DNS
The domain name system is the naming system for computers and devices
connected to a LAN or the Internet.

drop cable
A drop cable is the unterminated derivation cord used to connect a TAP to a device.

DSR
Data set ready is a data transmission signal.

DTM
With device type managers representing the field device in SoMachine, direct
communications are possible to every single field device via SoMachine, the
controller and the field bus, thus avoiding the need for individual cable connections.

DWORD
A double word type is encoded in a 32-bit format.

58 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

EDS
Electronic data sheet contains for example the properties of a device e.g.
parameters and settings of a drive.

EEPROM
Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory is a type of non-volatile
memory used to store data that must be saved when power is removed.

EIA
The electronic industries alliance is the trade organization for establishing
electrical/electronic and data communication standards (including RS-232 and RS-
485) in the United States.

EIA rack
An electronic industries alliance rack is a standardized (EIA 310-D, IEC 60297 and
DIN 41494 SC48D) system for mounting various electronic modules in a stack or
rack that is 19 inches (482.6 mm) wide.

electronic module
In a programmable controller system, most electronic modules directly interface to
the sensors, actuators, and external devices of the machine/process. This electronic
module is the component that mounts in a bus base and provides electrical
connections between the controller and the field devices. Electronic modules are
offered in a variety of signal levels and capacities. (Some electronic modules are not
I/O interfaces, including power distribution modules and transmitter/receiver
modules.)

EN
EN identifies one of many European standards maintained by CEN (European
Committee for Standardization), CENELEC (European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization), or ETSI (European Telecommunications
Standards Institute).

encoder
An encoder is a device for length or angular measurement (linear or rotary
encoders).

EIO0000000361 04/2012 59
Glossary

Equipment
An Equipment is a part of the Machine.

ERC
eccentric roller conveyor

ESD
electrostatic discharge

Ethernet
Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for LANs, also known as
IEE 802.3.

EtherNet/IP
The ethernet industrial protocol is an open communications protocol for
manufacturing automation solutions in industrial systems. EtherNet/IP is in a family
of networks that implements Common Industrial Protocol at its upper layers. The
supporting organization (ODVA) specifies EtherNet/IP to accomplish global
adaptability and media independence.

expansion bus
The expansion bus is an electronic communication bus between expansion modules
and a CPU.

expansion I/O module

An expansion input or output module is either a digital or analog module that adds
additional I/O to the base controller.

expert I/O
Expert I/Os are dedicated modules or channels for advanced features. These
features are generally embedded in the module in order to not use the resources of
the PLC Controller and to allow a fast response time, depending of the feature.
Regarding the function, it could be considered as a “stand alone” module, because
the function is independent of the Controller processing cycle, it just exchanges
some information with the Controller CPU.

60 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

FAST I/O
FAST I/Os are specific I/Os with some electrical features (response time, for
example) but the treatment of these channels is done by the Controller CPU.

FAST task
The FAST task is a periodic, high-priority task of a short duration that is run on a
processor through its programming software. The task fast speed keeps it from
interfering with the execution of lower priority master (MAST) tasks. A FAST task is
useful when fast periodic changes in discrete inputs need to be monitored.

FB
A function block performs a specific automation function, such as speed control,
interval control, or counting. A function block comprises configuration data and a set
of operating parameters.

FBD
A function block diagram is a graphically oriented programming language, compliant
with IEC 61131-3. It works with a list of networks whereby each network contains a
graphical structure of boxes and connection lines which represents either a logical
or arithmetic expression, the call of a function block, a jump, or a return instruction.

FDT
Field device tool for standardized communications between field devices and
SoMachine.

FE
Functional ground is the point of a system or device that must be grounded to help
prevent equipment damage.

FG
frequency generator

firmware
The firmware represents the operating system on a controller.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 61
Glossary

Flash memory
Flash memory is nonvolatile memory that can be overwritten. It is stored on a special
EEPROM that can be erased and reprogrammed.

FTP
File transfer protocol is a standard network protocol (built on a client-server
architecture), to exchange and manipulate files over TCP/IP based networks.

function
A function:
z is a POU that returns 1 immediate result
z is directly called with its name (as opposed to through an instance)
z has no persistent state from one call to the next
z can be used as an operand in expressions

Examples: boolean (AND) operators, calculations, conversions (BYTE_TO_INT)

function block (FB)

See FB.

function block diagram (FBD)

See FBD.

FWD
forward

gross weight
Indication of the load weight on an instrument when no tare or predefining device
has been used.

GVL
The global variable list manages global variables that are available in every
application POU.

62 EIO0000000361 04/2012
 Glossary

HE10
Rectangular connector for electrical signals with frequencies below 3MHz,
complying with IEC60807-2.

HMI
A human-machine interface is an operator interface (usually graphical) for industrial
equipment.

hot swapping
Hot swapping is the replacement of a component with a like component while the
system remains operational. The replacement component begins to function
automatically after it is installed.

HSC
high-speed counter

HVAC
Heating ventilation and air conditioning applications monitor and control indoor
environments.

I/O
input/output

I/O scan
An input/output scan continuously polls I/O modules to collect data bits and status,
error, and diagnostics information. This process monitors inputs and controls
outputs.

I/O terminal
An input/output terminal on the front of an expansion I/O module connects input and
output signals.

EIO0000000361 04/2012 63
Glossary

ICMP
The internet control message protocol reports errors and provides information
related to datagram processing.

IEC
The international electrotechnical commission is a non-profit and non-governmental
international standards organization that prepares and publishes international
standards for all electrical, electronic, and related technologies.

IEC 61131-3
The IEC 61131-3 is an international electrotechnical commission standard for
industrial automation equipment (like controllers). IEC 61131-3 deals with controller
programming languages and defines 2 graphical and 2 textual programming
language standards:
z graphical: ladder diagram, function block diagram
z textual: structured text, instruction list

IEEE
The institute of electrical and electronics engineers is a non-profit international
standards and conformity assessment body for advances in all fields of
electrotechnology.

IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.3 is a collection of IEEE standards defining the physical layer, and the
media access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer, of wired Ethernet.

IL
A program written in the instruction list language is composed of a series of
instructions executed sequentially by the controller. Each instruction includes a line
number, an instruction code, and an operand. (IL is IEC 61131-3 compliant.)

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immediate addressing
The direct method of addressing memory objects, including physical inputs and
outputs, used in programming instructions as operands and parameters by using
their direct address (for example, %Iwx or %QWx).
The use of immediate addressing in your program may avoid the need to create
symbols for these objects, but there are also disadvantages. For example, if you
change the program configuration by adding or deleting devices or I/O modules or
slices, the immediate addresses used as programming instruction operands and/or
parameters are not updated and must be corrected manually, which may cause
extensive program modifications and lead to incorrect programming instructions.
(See symbolic addressing.)

input filter
An input filter is a special function that rejects input noises. It is useful for eliminating
input noises and chatter in limit switches. All inputs provide a level of input filtering
using the hardware. Additional filtering with software is also configurable through the
programing or the configuration software.

input terminal
An input terminal on the front of an expansion I/O module connects input signals
from input devices (such as sensors, push buttons, and limit switches). For some
modules, input terminals accept both sink and source DC input signals.

instruction list language (IL)

Refer to IL.

INT
A single integer is encoded in 16 bits.

IP
The internet protocol is part of the TCP/IP protocol family that tracks the Internet
addresses of devices, routes outgoing messages, and recognizes incoming
messages.

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IP 20
Ingress protection rating according to IEC 60529. IP20 modules are protected
against ingress and contact of objects larger than 12.5 mm. The module is not
protected against harmful ingress of water.

IP 67
Ingress protection rating according to IEC 60529. IP67 modules are completely
protected against ingress of dust and contact. Ingress of water in harmful quantity is
not possible when the enclosure is immersed in water up to 1m.

Kd
derivative gain

Ki
integral gain

Kp
proportional gain

Ladder Diagram language

See LD.

LAN
A local area network local area network is a short-distance communications network
that is implemented in a home, office, or institutional environment.

latching input
A latching input module interfaces with devices that transmit messages in short
pulses. Incoming pulses are captured and recorded for later examination by the
application.

LCD
liquid crystal display

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LD
A program in the ladder diagram language includes a graphical representation of
instructions of a controller program with symbols for contacts, coils, and blocks in a
series of rungs executed sequentially by a controller. IEC 61131-3 compliant.

LED
A light emitting diode is an indicator that lights up when electricity passes through it.

LINT
Long integer is a 64-bit variable (4 times INT or two times DINT).

LMC
lexium motion control

load receiver device

Part of instrument that will receive the load.

located variable
A located variable has an address. (See unlocated variable.)

LRC
longitudinal redundancy checking

LREAL
Long real is a 64-bit variable.

LSB
The least significant bit (or least significant byte) is the part of a number, address, or
field that is written as the right-most single value in conventional hexadecimal or
binary notation.

LWORD
A long word type is encoded in a 64-bit format.

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MAC address
The media access control address is a unique 48-bit number associated with a
specific piece of hardware. The MAC address is programmed into each network
card or device when it is manufactured.

Machine
A Machine consists of several functions and/or equipments which build the machine.

Magelis
Magelis is the commercial name for Schneider Electric’s range of HMI terminals.

MAST
A master (MAST) task is a processor task that is run through its programming
software. The MAST task has two sections:
z IN: Inputs are copied to the IN section before execution of the MAST task.
z OUT: Outputs are copied to the OUT section after execution of the MAST task.

master/slave
The single direction of control in a network that implements the master/slave model
is always from a master device or process to one or more slave devices.

maximum weight
Maximum measuring capacity, not taking account of the additive capacity of the tare.

MIB
The management information base is an object database that is monitored by a
network management system like SNMP. SNMP monitors devices that are defined
by their MIBs. Schneider has obtained a private MIB, groupeschneider (3833).

minimum I/O update time

The minimum I/O update time is the minimum time it takes for the bus cycle to shut
down to force an I/O update at each cycle.

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minimum weight
Load value under which measuring results can be marred by a relative detected
error that is too large.

Modbus
The Modbus communication protocol allows communications between many
devices connected to the same network.

Modbus SL
Modbus serial line

MSB
The most significant bit (or most significant byte) is the part of a number, address,
or field that is written as the left-most single value in conventional hexadecimal or
binary notation.

NAK
negative acknowledge

NC
A normally closed contact is a contact pair that is closed when the actuator is de-
energized (no power is applied) and open when the actuator is energized (power is
applied).

NEC
The national electric code dictates the safe installation of electrical wiring and
equipment.

NEMA
The national electrical manufacturers association publishes standards for the
performance of various classes of electrical enclosures. The NEMA standards cover
corrosion resistance, ability to protect from rain and submersion, etc. For IEC
member countries, the IEC 60529 standard classifies the ingress protection rating
for enclosures.

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net weight (net)

Weight indication of a load placed on an instrument after a tare device has been
used.
Net weight = Gross weight - Tare weight

network
A network includes interconnected devices that share a common data path and
protocol for communications.

Nibble
A Nibble is a half-byte (representing 4 bits of a byte).

NMT
Network management protocols provide services for network initialization, error
control, and device status control.

NMT state machine

A network management state machine defines the communication behavior of any
CANopen device. The CANopen NMT state machine consists of an initialization
state, a pre-operational state, an Operational state, and a stopped state. After
power-on or reset, the device enters the initialization state. After the device
initialization is finished, the device automatically enters the pre-operational state and
announces the state transition by sending the boot-up message. In this manner, the
device indicates that it is ready to work. A device that stays in pre-operational state
may start to transmit SYNC-, Time Stamp-, or Heartbeat message. In this state, the
device can not communicate through a PDO; it must do so with an SDO. In the
operational state, the device can use all supported communication objects.

NO
A normally open contact is a contact pair that is open when the actuator is de-
energized (no power is applied) and closed when the actuator is energized (power
is applied).

node
A node is an addressable device on a communication network.

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ODVA
The open deviceNet vendors association supports the family of network
technologies that are built on CIP (EtherNet/IP, DeviceNet, and CompoNet).

OS
Operating system. Can be used for Firmware that can be uploaded/downloaded by
the user.

OSI
The open system interconnection reference model is a 7-layer model that describes
network protocol communications. Each abstract layer receives services from the
layer below it and provides services to the layer above.

OTB
Optimized terminal block, used in the context of Advantys I/O distributed module

output terminal
An output terminal connects output signals to output devices (such as electrome-
chanical relays and solenoid valves).

pallet
A pallet is a portable platform, which is used for storing or moving goods.

PCI
A peripheral component interconnect is an industry-standard bus for attaching
peripherals.

PDM
A power distribution module distributes either AC or DC field power to a cluster of
I/O modules.

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PDO
A process data object is transmitted as an unconfirmed broadcast message or sent
from a producer device to a consumer device in a CAN-based network. The transmit
PDO from the producer device has a specific identifier that corresponds to the
receive PDO of the consumer devices.

PDU
protocol data unit

PE
Protective ground is a return line across the bus for fault currents generated at a
sensor or actuator device in the control system.

periodic execution
The master task is executed either cyclically or periodically. In periodic mode, you
determine a specific time (period) in which the master task must be executed. If it is
executed under this time, a waiting time is generated before the next cycle. If it is
executed over this time, a control system indicates the overrun. If the overrun is too
high, the controller is stopped.

persistent data
Value of persistent data that will be used at next application change or cold start.
Only get re-initialized at a reboot of the controller or reset origin. Especially they
maintain their values after a download.

PI
proportional integral

PID
proportional, integral and derivative control

PLC
The programmable logic controller is the “brain” of an industrial manufacturing
process. It automates a process, used instead of relay control systems. PLCs are
computers suited to survive the harsh conditions of the industrial environment.

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PLCopen
The PLCopen standard brings efficiency, flexibility, and manufacturer independence
to the automation and control industry through the standardization of tools, libraries,
and modular approaches to software programming.

PLI
pulse latch input

post-configuration
Post-configuration files contain machine-independent parameters, including:
z machine name
z device name or IP address
z Modbus serial line address
z routing table

POU
A program organization unit includes a variable declaration in source code and the
corresponding instruction set. POUs facilitate the modular reuse of software
programs, functions, and function blocks. Once declared, POUs are available to one
another. SoMachine programming requires the utilization of POUs.

POU FB
Program organization unit function block types are user programs that can be
defined by the user in the ST, IL, LD, or FBD languages. You can use POU FB types
in an application to:
z simplify the design and entry of the program
z make the program easier to read
z simplify debugging
z reduce the amount of generated code

power supply terminals

The power supply is connected to these terminals to provide power to the controller.

Profibus DP
Profibus Decentralized Peripheral
An open bus system that uses an electrical network based on a shielded 2-wire line
or an optical network based on a fiber-optic cable. DP transmission allows for high-
speed, cyclic exchange of data between the controller CPU and the distributed I/O
devices.

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protocol
A protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection,
communication, and data transfer between two computing endpoints.

Pt100/Pt1000
Platinum resistance thermometer are characterized by their nominal resistance R0
at a temperature of 0° C.
z Pt100 (R0 = 100 Ohm)
z Pt1000 (R0 = 1 kOhm)

PTO
Pulse train outputs are used to control for instance stepper motors in open loop.

PWM
Pulse width modulation is used for regulation processes (e.g. actuators for
temperature control) where a pulse signal is modulated in its length. For these kind
of signals, transistor outputs are used.

RAM
random access memory

REAL
Real is a numeric data type. The REAL type is encoded in a 32-bit format.

real-time clock (RTC)

See RTC

reflex output
In a counting mode, the high speed counter current value is measured against its
configured thresholds to determine the state of these dedicated outputs.

retained data
A retained data value is used in the next power-on or warm start. The value is
retained even after an uncontrolled shutdown of the controller or a normal switch-off
of the controller.

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RFID
Radio-frequency identification is an automatic identification method that relies on
the storage and remote retrieval of data using RFID tags or transponders.

RJ-45
This registered jack is a modular connector that is commonly implemented in
communication networks.

RPDO
A receive PDO sends data to a device in a CAN-based network.

RPM
revolutions per minute

RPS
revolutions per second

RS-232
RS-232 (also known as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard type of serial
communication bus, based on three wires.

RS-485
RS-485 (also known as EIA RS-485) is a standard type of serial communication bus,
based on two wires.

RTC
The real-time clock option keeps the time for a limited amount of time even when the
controller is not powered.

RTS
Request to send is a data transmission signal and will be acknowledged by the CTS
signal from the destination node.

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RTU
A remote terminal unit is a device that interfaces with objects in the physical world
to a distributed control system or SCADA system by transmitting telemetry data to
the system and/or altering the state of connected objects based on control
messages received from the system.

RxD
receiving data (data transmission signal)

SCADA
A supervisory control and data acquisition system monitors, manages, and controls
industrial applications or processes.

scale division
Value in mass units, expressing the difference between two consecutive indications
for one numerical indication.

scan
A controller scanning program performs 3 basic functions: [1] It reads inputs and
places these values in memory; [2] it executes the application program 1 instruction
at a time and stores results in memory; [3] It uses the results to update outputs.

SDO
A service data object message is used by the field bus master to access (read/write)
the object directories of network nodes in CAN-based networks. SDO types include
service SDOs (SSDOs) and client SDOs (CSDOs).

SEL-V
A system that follows IEC 61140 guidelines for safety extra low voltage is protected
in such a way that voltage between any 2 accessible parts (or between 1 accessible
part and the PE terminal for Class 1 equipment) does not exceed a specified value
under normal conditions or under single-fault conditions.

Sequential Function Chart

See SFC.

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SFC
A program written in the sequential function chart language can be used for
processes that can be split into steps. SFC is composed of steps with associated
actions, transitions with associated logic condition, and directed links between steps
and transitions. (The SFC standard is defined in IEC 848. It is IEC 61131-3
compliant.)

sink input
A sink input is a wiring arrangement in which the device provides current to the input
electronic module. A sink input is referenced to 0 Vdc.

SINT
Signed integer is a 16-bit value.

SL
serial line

SMS
The short message service is a standard communication service for telephones (or
other devices) that send short text messages over the mobile communications
system.

SNMP
The simple network management protocol can control a network remotely by polling
the devices for their status, performing security tests, and viewing information
relating to data transmission. It can also be used to manage software and databases
remotely. The protocol also permits active management tasks, such as modifying
and applying a new configuration

source output
A source output is a wiring arrangement in which the output electronic module
provides current to the device. A source output is referenced to +24 Vdc.

SSI
Serial synchronous interface is a common interface for relative and absolute
measurement systems like encoders.

ST
See structured text.

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STN
Scan Twisted Nematic (also known as passive matrix)

STRING
A STRING variable is a series of ASCII characters.

Structured Text
A program written in the structured text (ST) language includes complex statements
and nested instructions (such as iteration loops, conditional executions, or
functions). ST is compliant with IEC 61131-3.

symbol
A symbol is a string of a maximum of 32 alphanumeric characters, of which the first
character is alphabetic. It allows you to personalize a controller object to facilitate
the maintainability of the application.

symbolic addressing
The indirect method of addressing memory objects, including physical inputs and
outputs, used in programming instructions as operands and parameters by first
defining symbols for them using these symbols in association with the programming
instructions.
In contrast to immediate addressing, this is the recommended method because if the
program configuration changes, symbols are automatically updated with their new
immediate address associations, whereas any immediate addresses used as
operands or parameters are not. (See immediate addressing.)

system time
An internal clock provides a device with the system time.

system variable
A system variable structure provides controller data and diagnostic information and
allows sending commands to the controller.

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TAP
A terminal access point is a junction box connected to the trunk cable that allows you
to plug in drop cables.

tare
Load placed on the load receiver along with the product to be weighed.

tare device
Device allowing the instrument indication to be moved to zero when a load is
positioned on the load receiver:

tare predefining device

Device allowing a predefined tare value to be subtracted from a gross weight value
and indicating the result of the calculation. The load range is consequently reduced.

Tare Value
Weight value of a load, determined by a tare full-bridge strain gauge electronic
module.

taring
Action allowing the instrument indication to be moved to zero when a load is
positioned on the load receiver.

task
A group of sections and subroutines, executed cyclically or periodically for the MAST
task, or periodically for the FAST task.
A task possesses a level of priority and is linked to inputs and outputs of the
controller. These I/O are refreshed in consequence.
A controller can have several tasks.

TCP
A transmission control protocol is a connection-based transport layer protocol that
provides a reliable simultaneous bi-directional transmission of data. TCP is part of
the TCP/IP protocol suite.

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terminal block
The terminal block is the component that mounts in an electronic module and
provides electrical connections between the controller and the field devices.

TFT
thin film transmission (also known as active matrix)

threshold output
Threshold outputs are controlled directly by the HSC according to the settings
established during configuration.

TP
A touch probe is a position capture that is triggered by a fast input signal (quick
sensor). On the rising edge of the touch probe input the position of an encoder is
captured. Example: This is used for packaging machines to capture the position of
a printmark on a film to cut always on the same position.

TPDO
A transmit PDO reads data from a device in a CAN-based system.

trunk cable
A trunk cable is the main cable that is terminated at both physical ends with line
termination resistors.

TVDA
tested validated documented architectures

TxD
TxD represents a transmit signal.

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UDINT
An unsigned double integer is encoded in 32 bits.

UDP
The user datagram protocol is a connectionless mode protocol (defined by
IETF RFC 768) in which messages are delivered in a datagram (data telegram) to a
destination computer on an IP network. The UDP protocol is typically bundled with
the Internet Protocol. UDP/IP messages do not expect a response, and are
therefore ideal for applications in which dropped packets do not require
retransmission (such as streaming video and networks that demand real-time
performance).

UINT
An unsigned integer is encoded in 16 bits.

UL
Underwriters Laboratories, US organization for product testing and safety
certification.

unlocated variable
An unlocated variable does not have an address. (See located variable.)

UTC
coordinated universal time

VSD
variable speed drive

WORD
The WORD type is encoded in a 16-bit format.

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