Abutment Design
Abutment Design
Abutment Design
INPUT DATA
1 HYDRAULOGICAL DATA
High Flood Level (HFL) = 96.410 m
Design discharge in cumecs (Q) = 31.20 m3/sec
Vertical Clearance = 0.900 m
Afflux = 0.05 m
Freeboard = 0.950 m
Type of Soil (Hard Rock/Rock/Soil) = Soil
Silt Factor (from Soil) = 1.000
Mean Velocity of Water (Vm) (at 0.000 Chainage of River) = 0.521 m/sec
2 SUPERSTRUCTURE
Super Structure Details are addopted from Standard Drawing = 18.75 m RCC T-Beam
Grade of Concrete(Superstructure) = 30 (M)
skew angle = 0 ˚
Finished Road Level (FRL) = 99.400 m
Level at bottom of girder (Bearing level) = 97.450 m
Thickness of CEMENT concrete wearing coat = 0 m
Thickness of BITUMINOUS concrete wearing coat = 0.075 m
Unit weight of bituminous concrete wearing coat = 22 kN/m3
Effective span (c/c of bearing/cross girder/abutment) (Le) = 18.75 m
No. of Span = 1 no
Length between Expansion Gap center to center = 20.290 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall inner face to Deck edge = 0.040 m
Expansion gap between Dirt wall outer face to Approach Slab = 0.020 m
Total length of bridge between Inner face of Dirt wall ( Ltotal ) = 20.330 m
Distance between center line of Cross Girder & Deck Edge = 0.750 m
Length of Approach Slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of Approach Slab = 0.300 m
Total Length of Bridge with Approach Slab = 28.170 m
Total width (W) = 8.450 m
Carriageway width = 7.500 m
Provision of Footpath = No Area of footpath
Width of Footpath = 0.000 m 0 m2
Width of Kerb (bk) = 0.475 m
Width of Crash Barrier (bc) = 0.000 m
Ht. of Kerb (hk) = 0.300 m
Ht. of Railing with kerb (hc) = 1.550 m
Area of Crash Barrier = 0.000 m2
Depth of Girder (Including Deck Slab) at mid point = 1.875
Depth of Girder (Excluding Deck Slab) = 1.620 m
Thickness of deck slab at end = 0.130 m
Thickness of deck slab at mid point = 0.255 m
Length of Cantilever portion of deck slab = 0.750 m
Camber in deck slab = 2.5 % (both side camber)
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Grade of Steel = 500 (Fe)
Draft Detailed Project Report
3 GIRDER DETAILS
No. of Longitudinal Girder = 3 no 1.79
No. of Cross Girder in one span = 3 no
Length of Centre line of bearing to Girder End = 0.75
Total Longitudinal Girder length end to end in one Span = 19.41
Length of the straight part of the Girder at support = 0.75 m
Length of the varying part of the Girder = 0.90 m
Length of the middle part = 16.11 m
Distance between center line of Longituding Girder = 2.500 m
Ht of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.25 m
Width of Rectangle portion in Bulb = 0.625 m
Ht of Trapizoidal portion in Bulb = 0.15 m
Thickness of Web of Longitudinal Girder = 0.325 m
Ht. of cross Girder = 1.220 m
Thickness of cross Girder = 0.300 m
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at mid portion = 4.057 m2
Cross Sectional Area of Deck with Girder at end portion = 4.705 m2
C.G. Distance of Girder Section (with Deck) from Bottom of Girder = 1.135 m
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Pier = 1950.000 kN
Total Dead Load of Super Structure on Abutment = 975.000 kN
Design Minimum
Discharge Clearance (mm)
0.3 to 3 450
3 to 30 600
30 to 300 900
300 to 3000 1200
above 3000 1500
Wind Calculation:
Basic Wind speed = 50 m/s
wind speed 33 m/s,
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s)Pz (N/m2)Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
Bridge Situated in
Plain Terrain Terrain with Obstruction
H (m) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2) Vz (m/s) Pz (N/m2)
10 42.12 1064.5 26.97 437.33
Super Structure:
Gust Factor = 2.00 No of beam b/d Value of CD
Deck Type = deck supported by plate girder Slab Bridge >=10 1.1
no. of girder = more than two single 2
Deck supported by beam or box girder 1.5
b= 18.75 m >=6 1.3
d= 1.62 m two or more 1.95
c= 2.50 m Deck supported by plate girder single 2.2
b/d = 11.57 two or more 2.2
Draft Detailed Project Report
Thermal Calculation:
Thermal co-efficient of RCC (α) = 1.20E-05 /8C (Clause 215.4, IRC:6-2010, page-42)
Temperature variation at our location of bridge = 42.50 /8C (Fig. 8&9, IRC:6-2010, pages-39,40)
= t/2 21.25 /8C
ANALYSIS OF ABUTMENT
Basic design data:-
a) Superstructure:-
Formation level = 99.400 m
Overall length of Bridge= 21.13 m
Span ( c/c of expansion joint) = 20.290 m
Distance between C/l of bearing to C/l of exp. joint = 0.77 m
Effective span (C/C of bearing) = 18.750 m
Clear carraige way width = 7.500 m
Depth of girder+deck slab at CL of carraigeway = 1.875 m
Thickness of bituminous concrete Wearing Coat (on carriageway)= 0.075 m
b) Hydraulic and survey data :-
H.F.L = 96.410 m
Lowest Bed Level, LBL 94.800 m
Max. scour level = 93.944 m ( Non seismic case)
c) Sub-structure :-
Bearing and pedestal :
Level of bearings = 97.45 m.
Thickness of bearing = 0.140 m
Thickness of pedestal = 0.250 m
Maximum ht of bearing + pedestal = 0.390 m
d) Abutment cap :
Top of abutment Cap = 97.060 m
Bottom of Abutment cap = 96.260 m
Length of abutment Cap = 8.450 m
Thickness of abutment cap for rectangular section = 0.800 m
Width of abutment cap at top (including dirt wall part) = 1.790 m
Width of abutment cap at bottom = 1.790 m
abutment shaft :
Total length of abutment shaft = 8.45 m
Thickness of abutment wall = 1.200 m
Height of abutment wall = 1.760 m
Height of frame at abutment location = 2.950 m
Dirt wall :
Thikcness of Dirt wall = 0.400 m
Height of Dirt wall = 2.265 m
Length of dirt wall = 8.450 m
Return wall :
Width of Return wall = (avg.) 0.400 m
Length of return wall = 3.500 m
Height of return wall = 4.450 m
Pile and pile cap :
Diameter of pile = 1.2m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.800 m
Length of pile cap = 12.30 m
Width of pile cap = 5.10 m
Bottom of pile cap = 92.700 m
Top of pile Cap = 94.500 m
Top of pile = 92.850 m
Approach Slab :
Length of approach slab = 3.500 m
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At mid-section)
Thickness of approach slab = 0.300 m (At edge)
d) Material Properties :
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Grade of Concrete = M 30
Cement concrete Wearing Coat (on footpath)= M 30
3
Unit Weight of concrete = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Cement concrete Wearing Coat = 25 KN/m
3
Unit Weight of Bituminous concrete Wearing Coat = 22 KN/m
Draft Detailed Project Report
e) Soil property:-
3
Density of soil = 20.00 KN/m
Angle of Shearing resistance of backfill soil = 30o
Property of Backfill material behind Abutment and Return wall
o
f= 30.00
o
d= 20.00
o
a= 0.00
o
i= 0.00
3
g= 20.00 KN/m
LOAD CALCULATIONS
Permanent Load :
Self Weight/Dead Load
Backfill Weight
Weight of backfill above the heel side of the abutment pile cap =
( 11.5mx1.95mx4mx20)= 1794 KN
Distance of center of load from abutment center = 1.575 m
Earth Pressure
Calculation of Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (Static)
cos2(f-a) = 0.75
cos2a = 1.00
cos(d+a) = 0.94
cos(a-i) = 1.00
sin(f+d) = 0.77
sin(f-i) = 0.50
Ka = 0.279
Considering dirt wall
Height of Dirt wall = H = 2.265 m
Length of dirt wall = 8.450 m
2.265
0.951
12.64 KN/m2
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill soil =0.279x20x2.265 = 12.64 KN/m
Total load on dirt wall = 120.95 KN
This load is located 0.42 of the height of wall above base,
Lever arm = 0.951 m…..(Clause 214.1,IRC:6-2014,page-41)
Moment at dirt wall base = 115.057 KN-m
4.82
2.03
2
26.561 KN/m
So,on one abutment total surfacing load or load due to wearing coat = 125.54 KN
114 114 68 68 68 68
1.2 4.3 3 3 3 5.00
0.875 1.8
4.225 eT 4.225
4.225 4.225
456
Maximum Reaction = 869.1 kN
And transverse eccentricity, wrt deck, eT = 0.95 m
And longitudinal eccentricity, wrt abutment, eL = 0m
4.225 4.225
700
Maximum Reaction for 70R Tracked = Rb = 713.7 kN
Hence,Total Reaction Rb = 713.7 kN
4.225 4.225
340
max transverse eccentricity = eT = 1.16 m
Load due to
Load due to RA eL eT ML MT
CASE additional
main wheel (kN) (m) (m) (kN-m) (kN-m)
wheel
CLASS A
1000 0 869.09 0 0.950 0 825.640
TWO LANE SINGLE SPAN
Longitudinal Forces
Calculation of Braking Forces ……. (Ref. cl. 211 of IRC 6-2017, page-37)
1.2m Class A -
TWO lane / 70R Wh.
one span 70R Tr. one Load one
loaded span loaded span loaded
a Total Load kN = 500 700 1000
b Braking force Fh kN = 100 140 200
c Braking force at Abutment side Fh kN = 100.00 140.00 200.00
d Breaking forces at bearing level μ(Rg + Rq) kN = 63.902 59.241 65.017
e ThickNess of wearing coat m = 0.075 0.075 0.075
f Ht. of Braking force act above bearing m = 3.075 3.075 3.075
g Moment at bearing level kN-m = 307.50 430.50 615.00
h Reaction as push/pull (+/-) kN = 15.155 21.217 30.310
i For moment at Abt. base, lever arm m = 2.950 2.950 2.950
j Longitudinal moment at Abt. base due to bearing force kN-m = 201.00 192.02 205.02
Beaing Forces in Abutment Cap = Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 63.90 59.24 65.02
or
Case-I μ(Rg + Rq) = 63.90 59.24 65.02
2.265
1.133
2
6.70 KN/m
2.413
6.70 KN/m2
Wind load calculation:
(As per IRC 6-2017, clause 209, page-33)
pz = 463.7 N/m2 (From IRC:6-2014, table 5, for 33m/s basic wind speed)
Basic wind speed at bridge location = 50 m/s
Actual hourly mean wind pressure = 1.06 KN/m2
Wind force = Area x pz x G x ( CD or CL )
= Area x pz'
= Area x 4.152 KN/m2 for super-structure
Where G = 2.00
CD = 1.95 for super-structure (from table 5, IRC:6-2014, page-33)
1.3 for abutment shaft
CL = 0.75 (Lift co-efficient)
Wind load as per clause 209, IRC 6-2017
a Wind Force on superstructure:
i. Transverse wind force (FT) :
Solid area (A1) = Exposed area in Transverse direction = 38.0438 m2
FT = 157.942 kN
ii. Longitudinal wind force (FL) :
FL = 25% of transverse wind force = 39.49 kN
iii. Vertical wind load (FV) :
Plan area (A3) = 171.5 m2
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
FV = 129 kN
b Wind force on live load:
as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC: 6, 2014, bridge shall not be
considered to carry any live load if the basic wind velocity exceeds 36m/sec.
c Wind force on Substructure:
Abutment Cap Velocity Of Wind
i. Transverse wind force: Position Direction vert. comp. Hortz. Comp.
Exposed area = 1.43 m2 kN kN
Super
Transverse wind force = 4.0 kN structure Transverse 128.59 157.94
ii. Longitudinal Wind Force: Longitudinal 39.49
Exposed area = 6.8 m2
ACCIDENTAL ACTIONS
Seismic Hazards
Vertical component of seismic force = 45.417 KN …r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC:6-2014, page-51)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 102.18825 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 86.2923 KN
Design longitudinal moment at Abutment base= Mz + 0.3Mx = 361.736186 KN-m
Design transeverse moment at Abutment base = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 361.736186 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 521.15 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap=0.3 Mz + Mx = 521.15 KN-m
B. Seismic on Sufacing:
Surfacing or load due to wearing coat = 125.544 KN
C.G. of wearing coat from girder bottom = 1.913 m
Design Horizontal Seismic coefficient Ah = 0.12
Seismic force in longitudinal direction Fh Ah*(Total Dead Load) = 15.065 KN
Seismic force in longitudinal direction taken by one support =Fh/2 = 7.533 KN ………r1
Acting at RL = 99.36 m
Lever arm for moment at bearing level = 1.91 m
Longitudinal moment at bearing level = 14.41 KN-m
Vertical pull-push effect due to Horizontal seismic force = 0.71 KN
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.863 m
Longitudinal moment at abutment base = 36.63 KN-m ……..Mz
Horizontal seismic force in transeverse direction taken by one support = 7.533 KN ………..r2
Acting at RL = 99.36 m
Lever arm for moment at abutment base = 4.863 m
Transeverse moment at abutment base = 36.63 KN-m ……Mx
Vertical component of seismic force = 5.022 KN ……r3 (Clause 219.3, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Combination of force components …….(Clause 219.4, IRC 6-2017, page-47)
Design force in longitudinal direction = ±r1±0.3r2±0.3r3 = 11.2989938 KN
Design force in transeverse direction = ±0.3r1±r2±0.3r3 = 11.2989938 KN
Design force in vertical direction = ±0.3r1±0.3r2±r3 = 9.5413725 KN
Design longitudinal moment = Mz+ 0.3Mx = 47.616 KN-m
Design transeverse moment = 0.3Mz+ Mx = 47.62 KN-m
Design longitudinal moment at bottom of pile-cap= Mz + 0.3Mx = 65.24 KN-m
Design transverse moment at bottom of pile-cap= 0.3Mz + Mx = 65.24 KN-m
l= tan-1{Ah/(1+Av)}= 6.3402 o
l = tan-1{Ah/(1-Av)} = 7.4314 o
2 2
cos (f-a-l) = 0.8390 cos (f-a-l) = 0.8527
cos(d+a+l) = 0.8962 cos(d+a+l) = 0.8876
cos(a-i) = 1.0000 cos(a-i) = 1.0000
cosl = 0.9939 cosl = 0.9916
cos2a = 1.0000 cos2a = 1.0000
sin(f+d) = 0.7660 sin(f+d) = 0.7660
sin(f-i-l) = 0.4013 sin(f-i-l) = 0.3838
Ca = 0.405 Ca = 0.359
Maximum of these two = 0.405 to be considered
2.265
1.133
5.69 KN/m2
Dynamic increment :
2
Earth pressure at base due to backfill = 5.69 KN/m
Horizontal force due to backfill soil = 54.45 KN
Acting at =2.265x.5 1.133 m
(Clause-8.1.1.2,IS:1893-1984,Page-47)
Bending moment increment for dynamic condition= 521.08 KNm
4.825
2.41
11.760 KN/m2
Dynamic increment
2
Earth pressure at abutment base due to backfill = 12.12 KN/m
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 247.07 KN (For abutment shaft)
Acting at a ht. of = 2.41 m ( from base of abutment )
Horizontal force increment due to backfill soil = 419.15 KN (from bottom of pile cap)
Acting at a ht. of = 3.31 m ( from bottom of pile cap level )
Total moment increment at the base of abutment due to Earth pressure = 596.07 KN-m
Total moment increment at the base of pile cap due to Earth pressure = 1388.42 KN-m
2.265
1.133
2
3.01 KN/m
Considering Abutment Shaft
Height of the abutment=Height of abutment wall+Dirt wall= 4.825 m
Length of abutment wall = 8.45 m
Height from pile cap bottom to deck level = 6.625 m
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 122.721 KN (For abutment)
Total horizontal force in longitudinal direction = 168.504 KN (For pile cap bnase)
4.825
2.412
3.01 KN/m2
J. Effects of liquefaction of soils :
Incorporating the reccomendtations on effect of liquefaction of soil (if any), strength
of piles are determined and considered during design of piles.
Draft Detailed Project Report
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975
ii Self weight of dirt wall 191.39 -0.99 -189.479
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -0.30 -89.240
iv Self weight of abutment wall 446.16 0.00 0.000
v Self weight of return wall 311.5 -2.35 -732.025
vi Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 548.85 2.03 1112.249
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160
ii Surfacing 125.544
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 869.1 0.00 825.64
iii 70R TRACKED 713.7 0.00 792.23
v 70R WHEELED 906.3 0.00 1046.75
i Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 15.2 163.90 2.950 483.51
iii 70R TRACKED 21.2 199.24 2.950 587.76
v 70R WHEELED 30.3 265.02 2.950 781.80
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 273.00 1.13 309.18
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 86.29 102.19 102.19 361.74 361.74
b) Surfacing 9.54 11.30 11.30 11.30 11.30
c) on dirt wall 29.09 34.45 34.45 86.36 86.36
d) on abutment cap 45.98 54.45 54.45 101.93 101.93
e) on abutment wall 67.82 80.31 80.31 61.25 61.25
f) on return wall 47.35 56.07 56.07 108.12 108.12
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 15.57
Seismic forces for Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 13.9 20.86 6.10 127.24
iii 70R TRACKED 11.4 17.13 6.10 104.49
v 70R WHEELED 14.5 21.75 6.10 132.68
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 128.59 39.49 157.94 3.96 625.84
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 247.07 2.41 596.07
Increased surcharge earth pressure due to seismic 122.721 2.412 296.07
Draft Detailed Project Report
SL
LOAD DESCRIPTION V HL HT LA ML MT
NO
A Permanent Action
i Dead load from super-structure 975.00
ii Self weight of dirt wall 191.39 -189.479
iii Self weight of abutment cap 302.51 -89.24
iv Self weight of abutment wall 446.16 0.00
v Self weight of return wall 311.5 -732.03
vi Self weight of pile cap 2822.9
vii Back Fill weight on pile cap 1794.0 -3594.36
viii Earth Pressure due to back-Fill 1034.74 2.78 2879.17
B Variable gravity treated as Permanent
i Super Imposed Dead Load 160.425
ii Surfacing 125.544
D Variable Actions
Vehicular Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 735.27 0.00 698.51
iii 70R TRACKED 648.83 0.00 720.21
v 70R WHEELED 766.73 0.00 885.57
Longitudinal Forces (Braking)
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 15.16 163.90 4.75 778.53
iii 70R TRACKED 21.22 199.24 4.75 946.39
v 70R WHEELED 30.31 265.02 4.75 1258.83
Earth Surcharge due to Live Load 374.85 3.31 1241.69
E Seismic Forces
Seismic forces for dead load
a) on superstructure 86.29 102.19 102.19 521.15 521.15
b) Surfacing 9.54 11.30 11.30 65.24 65.24
c) on dirt wall 29.09 34.45 34.45 140.11 140.11
d) on abutment cap 45.98 54.45 54.45 186.88 186.88
e) on abutment wall 67.82 80.31 80.31 186.53 186.53
f) on return wall 47.35 56.07 56.07 195.59 195.59
g) on pile cap 429.07 508.11 508.11 396.33 396.33
vertical push-pull due to seismic at sup. 19.46
Seismic forces for Live Load
i CLASS A-2 LANE 1SPAN 13.91 20.86 7.90 164.78
iii 70R TRACKED 11.42 17.13 7.90 135.32
v 70R WHEELED 14.50 21.75 7.90 171.83
Wind Load
Wind Load on super-structure 128.59 39.49 157.94 5.76 910.14
Increased Earth Pressure due to seismic 419.147 3.31 1388.42
Increased surcharge earth pressure seismic 168.504 3.31 558.17
Draft Detailed Project Report
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2226.56 -1010.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 825.64 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.16 483.51 0.00 163.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 587.76 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 781.80 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1112.25 0.00 548.85 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 309.18 0.00 273.00 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 286.07 730.70 730.70 338.77 338.77
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.91 0.00 127.24 0.00 20.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 104.49 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 132.68 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 625.84 39.49 157.94
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 596.07 0.00 247.07 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 296.07 0.00 122.72 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.50 LL 1.50
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.50 EP 1.50
EP LL surcharge 1.20 EP LL surcharge 1.20
WL 1.50
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S2814.27 1903.73 835.19 1351.87 355.90
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL5 S+EP S+EP LL S2819.17 1942.53 863.38 1365.02 360.52
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 2798.60 1428.27 730.70 1134.69 338.77
Draft Detailed Project Report
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT SHAFT BASE (For Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 2226.56 -1010.74 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 869.09 0.00 825.64 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 713.72 0.00 792.23 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 906.28 0.00 1046.75 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.16 483.51 0.00 163.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 587.76 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 781.80 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 1112.25 0.00 548.85 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 309.18 0.00 273.00 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 286.07 730.70 730.70 338.77 338.77
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.91 0.00 127.24 0.00 20.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 104.49 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 132.68 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 625.84 39.49 157.94
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 596.07 0.00 247.07 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 296.07 0.00 122.72 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.00 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1.00 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1.00 Surfacing 1.00
LL 1.00 LL 1.00
Braking LL 1.00 Braking LL 1.00
EP 1.00 EP 1.00
EP LL surcharge 1.00 EP LL surcharge 1.00
WL 1.00
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1.00
SIDL 1 SIDL 1.00
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1.00
LL 0 EP 1.00
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1.00
EP 1 EP seis 1.00
EP LL surcharge
10006.54 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Grade of concrete : M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Ecm of concrete = 31000 N/mm2 (From table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 38)
Es of steel = 200000 N/mm2 (From clause6.3.5, IRC:112-2011, page no. 32)
Checking as wall:
Ref. Cl-7.6.4.1, IRC-112:2011
0.1.fcd.Ac= 13587.6 kN
Maximum Design verical Load= 5029.29 kN
The section is to be designed for pure bending element also.
Checking for pure Bending:
Design moment = 1942.53 KN-m
Width of section = 8.45 m
Depth of section = 1.2 m
Concrete failure strain = εcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = εc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
As the ratio does not exceed 12, it is short and no secondary effect to be considered
(clause 7.6.4, IRC:112-2011, page-57)
% of steel = 0.30
P / fck = 0.010 section about longituidinal (xx) axis -
Pu / fck x b x d = 0.03 d' / D = 0.071 ~ 0.10
so, Mu / fck x b x d2 = 0.020 fy = 500
so, Mux1 = 7300.8 kN-m use chart no. 36
Interaction check
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m
2
Total reinforcement provided = 2162 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1115 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 192.90 mm
CG of compressive force = 64.300 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force)
So, stress in steel = 62.1 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Total force = 134.3 KN
Stress in concrete = 1.4 Mpa OK, within permissible limit
Now,
(Eq. 12.6, IRC:112-2011, page-125)
Where, ssc = stress in the tension reinforcement = 62.14 Mpa
ae = Es/Ecm = 6.4516
fct.eff = mean value of tensile strength of concrete = 2.5 Mpa
rr.eff = As/Ac.eff Where, Ac.eff = Effective area of concrete in tension, surrounding
the reinforcement of depth h c.eff
Where, hc.eff = lesser of the followings
2.5(h-d);(h-x/3);or h/2
Where, A = level of steel centroid
B = Effective tension area, Ac.eff
1,2 = greater and lesser tensile strain
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Ultimate Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6843.41 -4605.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.425 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54438 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 698.51 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.16 778.53 0.00 163.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 946.39 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 1258.83 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2879.17 0.00 1034.74 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 1241.69 0.00 374.85 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 715.14 1691.83 1691.83 846.88 846.88
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.91 0.00 164.78 0.00 20.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 135.32 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 171.83 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 910.14 39.49 157.94
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 1388.42 0.00 419.15 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 558.17 0.00 168.50 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1.35 Dead Load 1.35
SIDL 1.35 SIDL 1.35
Surfacing 1.75 Surfacing 1.75
LL 1.5 LL 1.5
Braking LL 1.15 Braking LL 1.15
EP 1.5 EP 1.5
EP LL surcharge 1.2 EP LL surcharge 1.2
WL 1.5
SEISMIC CASE
A C
DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL S+EP S+EP LL S DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0 EP 1
Braking LL 0.2 DL sis 1
EP 1 EP seis 1
EP LL surcharge 0.2
DL sis 1
LL sis 1
EP LL sis 1
EP sis 1
Draft Detailed Project Report
V ML MT HL HT
1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 10795.22 487.21 1047.77 2190.42 0.00
N
O 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 10672.53 680.25 1080.31 2231.06 0.00
N 3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 10859.84 1039.55 1328.36 2306.71 0.00
4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 10988.11 487.21 2412.98 2249.65 236.91
S 5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL 10865.42 680.25 2445.52 2290.29 236.91
E
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 11052.72 1039.55 2693.57 2365.93 236.91
I
7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 10602.34 487.21 -317.44 2131.19 -236.91
S
M 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 10479.65 680.25 -284.90 2171.83 -236.91
I 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 10666.95 1039.55 -36.85 2247.48 -236.91
C 10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL1 S+EP S+EP LL S 7861.46 2316.53 1856.61 2577.03 867.74
11 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL3 S+EP S+EP LL S 7860.19 2350.10 1827.15 2584.09 864.01
12 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL+DL S+LL5 S+EP S+EP LL S 7865.09 2412.59 1863.66 2597.25 868.63
13 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP+DL seis+EP seis 7844.53 1354.32 1691.83 2300.77 846.88
Draft Detailed Project Report
12.30
3.60
5.1
Moment per unit load on pile at provided pile cap position = 3.5 KN-m/KN
Moment in
pile due to
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2 H/N
horizontal
force
1 990.803 53.791 36.899 12.300 209.326 732.642
2 990.803 53.791 36.899 12.300 209.326 732.642
3 891.173 -119.856 0.000 0.000 129.343 452.700
4 980.566 94.050 70.493 23.498 306.461 1072.612
5 1006.876 53.791 74.821 24.940 215.170 753.094
6 1006.876 53.791 74.821 24.940 215.170 753.094
7 1078.977 236.524 114.551 38.184 378.068 1323.239
8 1078.977 236.524 114.551 38.184 378.068 1323.239
No. of piles = 8
B 0.75
1 T1
8
3.6
2 T2
7
MT 3 12.3
6
4
5
B
D
1.95
5.1
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Draft Detailed Project Report
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
12 983.136 167.54 77.65 25.884
6 1381.590 72.19 112.23 37.411
11 982.524 163.20 76.13 25.377
13 980.566 94.05 70.49 23.498
Loads on piles(KN)
Load Moment in
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Case each piles
12 1228.329 1176.561 1124.793 1073.025 1198.161
6 1566.013 1491.192 1416.370 1341.549 1040.273
11 1221.856 1171.102 1120.348 1069.594 1192.061
13 1145.108 1098.113 1051.118 1004.123 1072.612
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment arm Moment
1 Pile 1 1566.013 1.2 1879.216
2 Pile 2 1491.192 1.2 1789.430
3 Pile 3 1416.370 1.2 1699.644
4 Pile 4 1341.549 1.2 1609.859
6 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.5 1.75 -545.125
7 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 0.975 -1749.150
8 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 3631.5
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m
Width of section = 1 m
Depth of section = 1.8 m
"E" value of steel = 200000 Mpa
"E" value of concrete = 31000 Mpa
Design compressive strength of concrete =
fcd=afck/gm = 13.40 Mpa Where, a = 0.67
gm = 1.5
Design peak strength of steel = fy/gs = 434.783 Mpa Where, gs = 1.15
Concrete failure strain = Ôcu1 = 0.0035 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Concrete limiting strain = Ôc2 = 0.002 (Table 6.5, IRC:112-2011, page-38)
Yield strain of steel = 0.87fy/Es = 0.00218
Limiting strain of steel = (0.87fy/Es+0.002) = 0.00418
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.342
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 3925 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 1712.5 mm
r1 = 0.0023
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 483.97 KN
Draft Detailed Project Report
As the basic control perimeter is exceeding the pile cap dimension, we will check the
punching shear at reduced control perimeter which is at inner face of piles
b
1.7125
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft+ Wt. within reduced control perimeter
VEd = 7500.77251 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.159 Mpa
a= 8.45 m
b= 1.2 m
Now,β = 1+1.8√((el/a)2+(et/b)2) (b = Factors accounting for effects of bending
= 1.751 moment and axial load acting on loaded area)
Now, reduced control perimeter, u = 19.300 m
So, total load for punching shear = Load from abutment shaft
VEd = 5029.29 KN
Shear stress, vEd = bVEd/ud = 0.266 Mpa
2d
Vertical
Reduced Control
Pile No. Force Shear stress Status
perimeter at distance a
VEd.red
1 1119.350 3.786 0.1726 OK
2 1067.582 6.073 0.1027 OK
LOAD COMBINATION FOR ABUTMENT PILE CAP BASE (Servicibility Limit State)
Loads V ML MT HL HT
Dead Load 6843.41 -4605.11 0.00 0.00 0.00
SIDL 160.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Surfacing 125.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Class A(3L/1S) LL1 735.27 0.00 698.51 0.00 0.00
70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 648.83 0.00 720.21 0.00 0.00
70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 766.73 0.00 885.57 0.00 0.00
BrakingClass A(3L/1S) LL1 15.16 778.53 0.00 163.90 0.00
Braking70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 21.22 946.39 0.00 199.24 0.00
Braking70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 30.31 1258.83 0.00 265.02 0.00
Earth Pressure 0.00 2879.17 0.00 1034.74 0.00
LL surcharge on Earth Pr. 0.00 1241.69 0.00 374.85 0.00
Dead Load Seismic 715.14 1691.83 1691.83 846.88 846.88
Seismic Class A(3L/1S) LL1 13.91 0.00 164.78 0.00 20.86
Seismic 70R Tr.(3L/1S) LL3 11.42 0.00 135.32 0.00 17.13
Seismic 70R Wh.(3L/1S) LL5 14.50 0.00 171.83 0.00 21.75
Wind load 128.59 0.00 910.14 39.49 157.94
Increased Earth Pr. due to Sis. 0.00 1388.42 0.00 419.15 0.00
Increased EP surch. due to Sis. 0.00 558.17 0.00 168.50 0.00
NON-SEISMIC CASE
B WIND
A DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP LL DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL+Br. LL+EP+EP DL+/-WL
Loads FOS Loads FOS
Dead Load 1 Dead Load 1
SIDL 1 SIDL 1
Surfacing 1 Surfacing 1
LL 0.75 LL 0.75
Braking LL 0.2 Braking LL 0.2
EP 1 EP 1
EP LL surcharge 1 EP LL surcharge 1
WL 1
V ML MT HL HT
N
O 1 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP LL 7683.87 -328.53 523.88 1442.37 0.00
N 2 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP LL 7620.25 -294.96 540.15 1449.44 0.00
3 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP LL 7710.49 -232.47 664.18 1462.60 0.00
S 4 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL+WL 7812.46 -328.53 1434.02 1481.86 157.94
E 7748.84 -294.96 1450.29 1488.93 157.94
5 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL+WL
I
6 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL+WL 7839.08 -232.47 1574.32 1502.08 157.94
S
M 7 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL1+Br. LL1+EP+EP DL-WL 7555.28 -328.53 -386.26 1402.89 -157.94
I 8 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL3+Br. LL3+EP+EP DL-WL 7491.66 -294.96 -369.99 1409.96 -157.94
C 9 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+LL5+Br. LL5+EP+EP DL-WL 7581.90 -232.47 -245.96 1423.11 -157.94
10 DL+SIDL+Surfacing+EP 7129.38 -1725.93 0.00 1034.74 0.00
Draft Detailed Project Report
No. of piles = 8
ML
1.2 1.7125 0.2375
0.75
8 1
3.6
7 2
12.3
MT
6 3
5 4
5.1
1.95
0.0875
1.8
1.2
Draft Detailed Project Report
Load Case
V/N ML/ZL MT/ZT1 MT/ZT2
3 963.811 -16.14 27.67 9.225
6 979.885 -16.14 65.60 21.866
8 936.458 -20.48 -15.42 -5.139
10 891.173 -119.86 0.00 0.000
Considering case 6
Bending Moment at section B-B (in KN-m)
Moment
Sl. No. Force due to Force Moment
arm
1 Pile 1 1029.338 1.2 1235.205
2 Pile 2 985.606 1.2 1182.728
3 Pile 3 941.875 1.2 1130.250
4 Pile 4 931.390 1.2 1117.668
5 Self Wt. of Return Wall -311.500 1.750 -545.125
6 Self Wt. of Backfill -1794.000 0.975 -1749.150
7 Self Wt. -1079.325 0.975 -1052.342
Total 1319.2
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m
2
Total reinforcement provided = 3925 mm
Effective depth "d" = 1712.5 mm
Netral axis depth = x = 294.26
CG of compressive force = 98.090 mm from most compressed surface
Now moment, M = (Stress in steel)x(area of steel)x(d-CG of compressive force) =
Now,
hc.eff
1
B
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
DESIGN OF PILES
Loads on piles
Load Case Moment
From in each
Pile 1 Pile 2 Pile 3 Pile 4
Load piles (KN-
Comb m)
12 1228.329 1176.561 1124.793 1073.025 1198.161
6 1566.013 1491.192 1416.37 1341.549 1040.273
11 1221.856 1171.102 1120.348 1069.594 1192.061
13 1145.108 1098.113 1051.118 1004.123 1072.612
d'
3.50
0.5 m
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m
The design shear resistance of the member without shear reinforcement, VRd.c =
=[0.12K(80r1.fck)0.33+0.15scp]bw.d
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.673
r1 = Asl/bw.d
2
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 2010 mm
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 442 mm
r1 = 0.0045
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 195.22 KN
Now,
hc.eff
1 B
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+f/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
Grade of concrete = M 30
Grade of steel = Fe 500
Width of section considered = 1m
Where, K = 1+√(200/d)<=2.0
So, K = 1.762
r1 = Asl/bw.d
Where Asl = Area of steel provided = 754 mm2
bw = Width of section = 1000 mm
d= 344 mm
r1 = 0.0022
scp = NEd/Ac < 0.2fcd, where, NEd = Axial compressive force = 0
Ac = Cross Sectional area of concrete
scp = 0
So,VRd.c = 125.81 KN
Now,
Draft Detailed Project Report
hc.eff
1 B
Now in situations where spacing of bonded reinforcement within the tension zone is reasonably
close (i.e <=5(c+φ/2)), the maximum crack spacing,
PILE CAP
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
Steel in 1m strip = 3925 mm2
2
As.min =( 0.26fctm/fyk)btd= 2226.25 mm OK
2
or, 0.0013btd = 2226.25 mm OK
Distribution reinforcement provided at bottom and both direction at top
20 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
Provide surface reinforcement 16 mm dia. 6 Nos. each face
RETURN WALL
Main reinforcement provided 16 mm dia. 100 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 12 mm dia. 125 mm c/c
OK
DIRT WALL
Provide main reinforcement 12 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
Distributor reinforcement 10 mm dia. 150 mm c/c
OK
PILE
Main reinforcement provided 25 mm dia. 22 Nos. in layer 1
Continue all bars upto end of pile
Distribution reinforcement provided
8 mm dia. 150 mm c/c