¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ávbg~jK cÖkœ

1| msL¨v c×wZ Kx?

wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý ev †gŠwjK wPý ev A¼ e¨envi K‡i msL¨v †jLv I cªKvk Kivi
c×wZ‡K msL¨v c×wZ ejv nq|
2| evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z `ywU ‡gŠwjK A¼ (Digit) ev wPý 0 I 1 e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K evBbvwi
msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
3| msL¨v c×wZi †eR ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
‡Kvb GKwU msL¨v c×wZ‡Z hZ¸‡jv †gŠwjK wPý _v‡K Zvi †gvU msL¨v n‡jv E³ msL¨v
c×wZi †eR (Base) ev wfwË|
4| cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z msL¨vi gvb Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wbY©xZ nq Zv‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v
c×wZ e‡j|
5| weU Kx?
Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envh© †WUvi me‡P‡q ÿz`ªZg Ask Z_v GKK evBbvwi gvb 0 ev 1 n‡jv weU|
Bit Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Binary digit|
6| wPýhy³ msL¨v Kv‡K e‡j?
abvZ¥K I FYvZ¥K msL¨v †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ msL¨vi c~‡e© wPý (Sign) hv + / - _vKv `iKvi,
wPý ev mvBbmn msL¨v‡K wPýhy³ msL¨v ev mvBbW b¤^i (Signed number) ejv nq|
7| i¨vwW· c‡q›U Kx?
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †Kvb msL¨vi c~Y© msL¨v I fMœvsk‡K c„_K Ki‡Z ‡h wPý e¨envi
Kiv nq Zv‡KB †iwW· c‡q›U e‡j|
8| 1 Gi cwic~iK Kv‡K e‡j?
‡Kvb evBbvwi msL¨vi cÖwZwU weU‡K DjwU‡q ev c~iK K‡i ‡h msL¨v cvIqv hvq , Zv‡K
1 Gi cwic~iK e‡j|
9| 2 Gi cwic~iK Kx?
‡Kvb evBbvwi msL¨vi weU¸‡jv‡K 1 Gi cwie‡Z© 0 Ges 0 Gi cwie‡Z© 1 ewm‡q Zvi mv‡_
1 †hvM Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq Zv‡K H msL¨vi 2 Gi cwic~iK e‡j|
10| †KvW Kx?
Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g e¨eüZ cÖwZwU eY©, msL¨v ev we‡kl wPý‡K Avjv`vfv‡e
wmwcBD‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ we‡Ui (0 ev 1) wewfbœ web¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ AwØZxq (Unique)
ms‡KZ ˆZwi Kiv nq| GB AwØZxq ms‡KZ‡K †KvW ejv nq|
11| ASCII Kx?

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange) n‡jv GKwU 7/8 we‡Ui
AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW hv Kw¤úDUvi I BbcyU/ AvDUcyU wWfvB‡mi g‡a¨ Z_¨ ¯’vbvšÍ‡i
e¨eüZ nq|
12| BDwb‡KvW Kx?
we‡k^i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ †h †KvW e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K BDwb‡KvW
ev Universal code ev me©Rbxb †KvW e‡j|
13| AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW Kx?
Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ Aÿi (a-z, A-Z), A¼ (0-9), wewfbœ MvwYwZK wPý (+, -, =, x BZ¨vw`)
Ges KZ¸‡jv we‡kl wP‡ýi (!, &, %) Rb¨ e¨eüZ †KvW‡K AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW e‡j|
14| EBCDIC Gi c~Y© bvg †jL|
EBCDIC Gi c~Y© bvg Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code |
15| BwewmwWK †KvW Kx?
BwewmwWK †KvW n‡”Q AvU weU wewkó wewmwW †KvW|
16| wewmwW †KvW Kx?
BCD Gi c~Y© bvg Binary Coded Decimal hv `kwgK c×wZi msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq
cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ

1| 6+5+ 3=1110 n‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|
`kwfwËK msL¨vq 6, 5, 3 ‡hvM Ki‡j A_©¨vr 6+5+3= 14 nq|
2 14
2 7–0
2 3–1
2 1–1
0–1
∴¿
2| 9 + 7= 10 m¤¢e wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
Hexadecimal msL¨vc×wZ‡Z 9 + 7 = 10 m¤¢e|
G‡ÿ‡Î,
`kwgK 9+7=(16)10
GLb,
1 16
6
1 1–0
6

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

 0–1
∴ 9+7=¿

3| 9 + 7= 20 wKfv‡e m¤¢e Zv †`LvI|

`kwgK msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 9+7 Ki‡j †hvMdj 16 | wKš‘ hw` †hvMdj 16 †K A±vj c×wZ‡Z
iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq Z‡e Avgiv cvB,
8 16
8 2–0
0–2
∴ 9+7=¿

4| 3 + 5 = 10 †Kb ? e¨vL¨v Ki|

3 + 5 = 10 n‡jv A±vj wm‡÷‡gi †hvM|
A±vj wm‡÷‡gi wfwË n‡jv 8 Ges bv¤^vi n‡jv 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. `kwgK c×wZ‡Z 3 + 8 = 8
nq| GLb 8 †K A±v‡j wb‡j Gi gvb (10)8 nq †Kbbv 7 Gi cieZx© A±vj msL¨vq n‡jv (10)8

5| FF Gi c‡ii msL¨vwU 100 e¨vL¨v Ki|

Hexadecimal msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 16 A¼ _v‡K (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A,B, C, D, E, F) | FF
msL¨vwU 2 AsK wewkô| Zvic‡ii msL¨v †c‡Z n‡j 1 †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
¿
11111111
+1
100000000

0001 0000 0000

1 0 0
¿ myZivs FF Gi c‡ii msL¨v 100|

6| 3 wfwËK msL¨v c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|

‡Kvb GKwU msL¨v c×wZ‡Z hZ¸‡jv †gŠwjK wPý _v‡K Zv‡K H msL¨v c×wZi †em ev
wfwË e‡j| 3 wfwËK msL¨v c×wZ ej‡Z †evSvq , GB msL¨v c×wZ‡Z msL¨v cÖKv‡ki
me©‡gvU 3 wU †gŠwjK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq|
7| 5D †Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 16 wU AsK ev wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨vc×wZ e‡j|
GB c×wZ‡Z (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) Gi `kwU AsK Ges( A,B, C, D, E, F) GB QqwU
Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv e¨envi Kiv nq| Gc×wZi wfwË n‡jv 16|
8| cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †Kvb GKwU msL¨vi gvb †ei Ki‡Z Kx cÖ‡qvRb? eywS‡q
†jL|
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv msL¨vi gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ wZbwU †WUvi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
h_vt
msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi wbR¯^ gvb|
msL¨v c×wZi †eR ev wfwË
msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb ev ¯’vbxq gvb|
9| (11)10 msL¨vwU‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v ejv nq †Kb?
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z GKwU msL¨v †h cÖwZK¸‡jv w`‡q cÖKvk Kiv nq †mB
cÖZxK¸‡jvi msL¨vi Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i msL¨vi gvb Kg‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv
GKwU msL¨vi gvb †ei Kivi Rb¨ `iKvi-
K. msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi wbR¯^ gvb|
L. msL¨v c×wZi Base ev wfwË|
M. msL¨vwU‡Z e¨eüZ A¼¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb ev ¯’vbxq gvb|
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z cÖwZwU msL¨v‡K WU ev Radix c‡q›U (.) w`‡q c~Yv©sk
(Integer) I fMœvsk (Fraction) G `yB As‡k fvM Kiv nq|(11)10 msL¨vwUi Wvb cv‡ki 1 GKK
¯’vbxq gvb Ges evgcv‡ki 1 `kg ¯’vbxq gvb cÖKvk K‡i, ZvB GwU GKwU cwRkbvj msL¨v|
10| `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ‡Z ¯’vbxq gvb e¨vL¨v Ki|
‡Kv‡bv `kwgK msL¨vq †h ¯’v‡b AsKwUi Ae¯’vb Zvi gvb‡K AsKwUi ¯’vbxq gvb e‡j|
†hgb: 325 msL¨vwU‡Z 2 AsKwUi wbR¯^ Ae¯’vb wØZxq ¯’v‡b Ges Gi †eR n‡jv 10| d‡j
325 msL¨vwU‡K ¯’vbxq gvb Abymv‡i mvRv‡j wb‡¤œv³ gvb cvIqv hvq,
325 = 3 x 100+2 x 10+5 x 1
= 300+20+5
= 325
11| Kw¤úDUvi wWRvB‡b evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ e¨env‡ii KviY wjL|
Kw¤úDUvi wWRvB‡b evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq|Kw¤úDUvi AmsL¨
B‡jKUªwbK mvwK©‡Ui mgš^‡q MwVZ GKwU hš¿| GB mvwK©U¸‡jv‡Z we`y¨‡Zi High
†fv‡ëR I Low †fv‡ë‡Ri wfwˇZ KvR Kiv n‡q _v‡K| High †fv‡ëR‡K weU-1 Ges Low
†fv‡ëR‡K weU-0 w`‡q wb‡`©k Kiv nq| ZvB Kw¤úDUvi Af¨šÍixY wµqv-cÖwµqv‡K
evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ w`‡q mn‡RB e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| GQvov AwaKvsk B‡jKUªwbK
mvwK©U evBbvwi †gv‡W KvR K‡i| evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi Rb¨ mvwK©U wWRvBb KivI
mnR Ges GKB mvwK©U w`‡q †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸b, fvM Kiv m¤¢e|
12| ABC ‡Kvb ai‡bi msL¨v e¨vL¨v Ki|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

ABC n‡jv †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v| †n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †gvU 16 wU A¼ e¨envi
Kiv nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F|
‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v A, B, C Gi `kwgK mgKÿ gvb h_vµ‡g 10, 11, 12|
13| (298)8 msL¨v mwVK wK-bv e¨vL¨v Ki|
(298)8 msL¨vwU mwVK bq| GwU GKwU A±vj msL¨v wb‡`©k Ki‡Q hvi †eR n‡”Q 8| A±vj
msL¨v c×wZ‡Z A¼¸‡jv n‡jv 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 I 7| A_©vr A±vj c×wZ‡Z †h‡Kvb msL¨v
wjL‡Z †M‡j 0 †_‡K 7 ch©šÍ A¼ e¨envi K‡i wjL‡Z nq| wKšÍy (298)8 msL¨vwU‡Z 9 I 8
e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv mwVK bq|
14| wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_ev, Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ fvlv evBbvwi-e¨vL¨v Ki|
wWwRUvj wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi ¸iæZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| evBbvwi msL¨vq e¨eüZ
A¼¸‡jv (0 I 1) mn‡RB B‡jKwUªK¨vj wmMb¨v‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq|‰e`y¨wZK
wmMb¨vj Pvjy _vK‡j Ab Ges Ad Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| evBbvwi wm‡÷‡g `ywU Ae¯’v
_vKvi Kvi‡Y B‡jKUªwb· mvwK©U wWRvBb Kiv mnR nq| evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ e¨ZxZ
Ab¨vb¨ c×wZ‡Z mvwK©U wWRvBb Zzjbvg~jK RwUj I e¨qeûj| Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g e¨eüZ
Ab¨vb¨ wWwRUvj wWfvBm h_v- wWwRUvj K¨v‡giv, wWwRUvj †dvb BZ¨vw` evBbvwi
†gv‡W KvR K‡i| d‡j Lye mn‡R Kw¤úDUv‡ii mv‡_ B›Uvi‡dwms Kiv hvq| wWwRUvj
wWfvB‡m evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Ab¨vb¨ msL¨v c×wZ A‡cÿv AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

15| 2 Gi cwic~iK wWwRUvj eZ©bx‡K mij K‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|

2 Gi cwic~~iK e¨envi K‡i mij jwRK eZ©bx ˆZix Kiv hvq| hv `v‡g m¯Ív I `ªæZ MwZ‡Z KvR
K‡i| GZ †hvM I we‡qvM Gi Rb¨ GKB eZ©bx e¨envi Kiv hvq weavq mvwK©‡Ui gvÎv K‡g
Ges RwUjvZv Kg nq| A_¨©vr 2 Gi cwic~iK wWwRUvj eZ©bx‡Z mij K‡i|
16| ÔÔ2 Gi cwic~iK Ki‡j msL¨vi ïaygvÎ wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nqÓ eywS‡q ‡jL|
‡Kvb abvZ¡K msL¨v‡K FbvZ¡K msL¨Aq wKsev †Kvb FYvZ¡K msL¨v‡K abvZ¡K msL¨vq
cwieZ©b Kiv‡K wecixZiY ev wb‡Mkb e‡j| evBbvwi wPýhy³ msL¨v‡K 2 Gi cwic~i‡K
cwieZ©b K‡i wecixZKiY ev wb‡Mkb Kiv nq| wecixZKiY ev wb‡Mkb Gi d‡j †Kvb msL¨vi
gv‡bi cwieZ©b nq bv wKš‘ wP‡ýi cwieZ©b nq|
17| we‡k^i mKj fvlv‡K ‡KvW fz³ Kiv m¤¢e n‡qQ - e¨vL¨v Ki|
we‡k^i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ ev cÖKv‡k Kivi Rb¨ BDwb‡KvW
e¨envi nq|
BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~Y©i~c n‡”Q Universal Code | BDwb‡KvW g~jZ 2 evBU ev 16 we‡Ui
†KvW| d‡j GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216 ev 65,536 wU A¼, eY© ev wPý‡K AwØZxq fv‡e
cÖKvk Kiv hvq| GB †Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ we‡k^i †QvU eo mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i ‡KvWfz³
Kiv hvq| †h mKj fvlv‡K †KvW fvlv‡K †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ 8 weU ch©vß(‡hgb-RvcvwbR,
PvqwbR,evsjv) bq †m mKj fvlvi mKj wPý †K 16 we‡Ui BDwb‡Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ mn‡RB
cÖKvk Kiv hvq|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

18| BDwb‡KvW evsjv fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡i- e¨vL¨v Ki|
we‡k^i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvWfz³ Kivi Rb¨ ev cÖKv‡k Kivi Rb¨ BDwb‡KvW
e¨envi nq|
BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~Y©i~c n‡”Q Universal Code | BDwb‡KvW g~jZ 2 evBU ev 16 we‡Ui
†KvW| d‡j GB †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216 ev 65,536 wU A¼, eY© ev wPý‡K AwØZxq fv‡e
cÖKvk Kiv hvq| evsjv eY©gvjvi Rb¨ Unicode n‡jv (0980)16−(09 FF)16 | ZvB ejv hvq
Unicode evsjv fvlv‡K eyS‡Z cv‡i|
19| BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ekx e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvWwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
BDwb‡Kv‡Wi c~‡e© me‡P‡q †ewk e¨eüZ AvjdvwbD‡gwiK¨vj †KvW wU n‡jv ASCII-8 |
A¨vmwK †KvW (American Standard Code for Information Interchange ) Gi mswÿß iƒc
ASCII | 1965 mv‡j ievU© wegvi mvZ we‡Ui A¨vmwK †KvW D™¢veb K‡ib| A¨vmwK
GKwU eûj cÖPwjZ GKwU fvlv| eZ©gv‡b A¨vmwK †KvW ej‡Z A¨vmwK -8 †KB eySvq|
20| (14)10 Gi mgKÿ BCD ‡KvW Ges evBbvwi msL¨vi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z ‡ewk weU
cÖ‡qvRb? eywS‡q †jL|
(14)10 Gi mgKÿ BCD ‡KvW (00010100)BCD
1 4
0001 0100
(14)10 Gi mgKÿ evBbvwi ‡KvW (1110)2
2 14
2 7–0
2 3–1
2 1–1
0–1

(14)10 msL¨vwU‡KBCD †Kv‡W cÖKvk Ki‡Z 8 weU I evBbvwi‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z 4 weU
cÖ‡qvRb | myZivs, BCD ‡Kv‡W †ewk weU cÖ‡qvRb|
21| evBbvwi I wewmwW †KvW GK bq| - e¨vL¨v Ki|
wewmwW evBbvwi
1| GwU †Kvb msL¨v c×wZ bq| GwU evBbvwi GKwU msL¨v c×wZ hvi wfwË 2
Avm‡j `kwgK c×wZ hvi cÖwZwU AsK Gi Ges wPý ¸‡jv n‡jv 0 I 1
mgZzj¨ evBbvwiZ Gb‡KvW Kiv nq|
2| `kwgK msL¨v‡K wewmwW †Kv‡W 2| `kwgK msL¨v‡K evBbvwi msL¨vq
cÖKvk Kiv Lye mnR| ïaygvÎ 0 ‡_‡K 9 cÖKvk Kiv mnR bq| G‡ÿ‡Î wnmv‡ei
ch©šÍ `kwgK msL¨vi evBbvwi mgZyj¨ g‡b cÖ‡qvRb nq|
ivL‡jB h‡_ô|
3| †Kvb msL¨v‡K wewmwW †Kv‡W 3| †Kvb msL¨v‡K wewmwW †Kv‡W
cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ †ewk weU jv‡M cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Kg weU jv‡M

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

Type : K¬v‡m Kiv‡bv Type(1-6) wi‡j‡UW ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ|
1| ZvmwKb m¨vi †kªYxK‡¶ ICT wel‡qi msL¨v c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb|
K¬v‡mi GK ch©v‡q m¨vi †mv‡nj I †ivnvb‡K wR‡½m Ki‡jb †Zvgvi cª_g
mvgwqK cix¶vq ICT wel‡q KZ b¤^i †c‡qwQ‡j? †mv‡nj ejj (105)8Ges (4 F)16
wcQ‡b e‡m _vKv wgZv ejj m¨vi Avwg‡Zv (100111)2 b¤^i †c‡qwQ|
(M) wgZvi cÖvß bv¤^vi `kwg‡K KZ?
wgZvi cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿

(100111¿ ¿ 2=1× 25 +0 ×24 + 1× 23+ 1× 22 ×1 ×21 1× 20

=32+0+ 0+4 +2+1=¿

wgZvi cÖvß b¤^i `kwg‡K ¿ |
2| K„wó, wcqvj I gyw³ mncvVxi weevn Dcj‡¶¨ h_vµ‡g (5 D 7)16, (750)8I (999)10UvKv
w`‡q Dcnvi mvgMªx µq Kij|
(M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ K…wó I gyw³i Dcnvi mgMÖxi g~j¨ evBbvix‡Z KZ n‡e? wbY©q
Ki|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

3| Szwg I iæwg †U÷ cixÿvq cÖvß bv¤^vi h_vµ‡g (920)10 I (920)8 | Zv‡`i K¬vm iæj
h_vµ‡g (37)8 I (3 A)16 |
(M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ †ivj `ywU‡K cÖPwjZ msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Ki|
Szwgi ‡ivj (37)8

iæwgi ‡ivj (3 A)16

GB †ivj `ywU‡K cÖPwjZ msL¨vq A_¨©vr `kwgK msL¨vq iæcvšÍi Kiv n‡jv-
GLv‡b ( 37 )8=( ? )10

=3 ×8 1+7 × 80
= 3 ×8+ 7 ×1
= 24+ 7
= (31)10

Ges ( 3 A )16=( ? )10

=3 ×16 1+10 (A )×16 0

= 3 ×16+ 10× 1
= 48+ 10

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

= (58)10
4| iwb AvBwmwU K¬v‡m wewfbœ msL¨v c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i| G aviYvi
wfwˇZ iwbi †ev‡bi eqm (110101)2 Ges fvB‡qi eqm (53)8eQi| iwb I Zvi fvB GKB eªv‡Ûi
I GKB g‡W‡ji `ywU ¯‹yj e¨vM h_vµ‡g (207)16I (510)10UvKv w`‡q wfbœ †`vKvb †_‡K
µq K‡i|
(M) Zv‡`i ¯‹z‡ji e¨v‡Mi g~j¨ A±vj c×wZ‡Z wbY©qc~e©K gZvgZ `vI|

5| mywg , mywgi evev I gv‡qi eqm h_vµ‡g (10)16 , (100)8Ges (2 F)16eQi|

(M) mywgi gv‡qi eqm A±j msL¨vq iƒcvšÍi Ki|
mgvavbt

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

(N) mywgi evevi eqm mywgi eq‡mi KZ¸Y? we‡kølY Ki|

6| iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU, Bs‡iwR I As‡Ki cÖvß bv¤^vi h_vµ‡g ¿, ¿ , ¿

(M) iwd‡Ki †gvU cÖvß bv¤^vi †n·v‡Wwmgvj G wbY©q Ki|
DËit iwd‡Ki ‡gvU cÖvß bv¤^vi †n·v‡Wwmgv‡j wbY©q Kiv n‡jvt-
iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU‡Z cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿
¿
7 3 3 B
¿
iwd‡Ki Bs‡iwR †Z cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿
c~Y©msL¨v fMœvsk
0.5
x 16
8 00

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

16 83
16 5 – 3 (LSD)
0–5 (MSD)
¿ ¿
¿
iwd‡Ki As‡K cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿
¿
1 B A
iwd‡Ki †gvU cÖvß bv¤^vi †n·v‡Wwmgv‡j n‡jv-
3B.0
53.8
1B.A
AA.2

iwd‡Ki †gvU cÖvß bv¤^vi †n·v‡Wwmgv‡j AA.2 |

(N) iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU I Bs‡iwR Ges AvBwmwU I As‡Ki g‡a¨ †KvbwUi cv_©K¨ ‡ewk?
we‡kølY Ki|
iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU I Bs‡iwR Ges AvBwmwU I As‡Ki g‡a¨ †KvbwUi cv_©K¨ ‡ewk Zv
wb‡P we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv-
iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU‡Z cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿
¿
=56+3
= 5810
¿
iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU I Bs‡iwRi g‡a¨ bv¤^v‡ii cv_©K¨ ¿ 5810=24.5
iwd‡Ki As‡K cÖvß bv¤^vi ¿
¿
¿ 16+8+ 0+2+1+0.5+ 0+0.125
¿ 27.62510

iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU I As‡Ki g‡a¨ bv¤^v‡ii cv_©K¨ ¿ (27.625)10=31.37510

iwd‡Ki AvBwmwU I Bs‡iwR Ges AvBwmwU I As‡Ki g‡a¨ AvBwmwU I As‡Ki cv_©K¨
†ewk|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

7| wiwg ¿ I ¿ UvKv w`‡q `ywU eB wK‡b wiKkv P‡o evmvq wdij| †m wiKkv PvjK‡K
GKwU GKkZ UvKvi †bvU w`j, wiK&kv PvjK Zv‡K Pwjøk UvKv ‡diZ w`j|
(N) wiwgi †Kbv eB `ywUi †gvU g~j¨ evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z wbiƒcY Ki|
DËit wiwgi †Kbv eB `ywUi g~j¨ ¿ I ¿ |
¿
c~Y©msL¨v fMœvsk
2 75 0.56
2 37 – 1 (LSD) x 2
2 18 - 1 1 . 12
2 9-0 x 2
2 4-1 0 .24
x 2
2 2-0
0 48
2 1-0
x 2
0-1 (MSD) 0 96
x 2
1 .92

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

¿
¿
3 D . C
¿ = 0011 1101 .1100 ¿
¿¿
1001011.10001
111101.110 0
¿¿

eB `ywUi †gvU g~j¨ ¿ UvKv|

8| GKwU K‡j‡Ri GKv`k †kªwYi weÁvb wefv‡Mi wk¶v_x© X-Gi Aa©-evwl©K cix¶vi
†gavµg wQj ¿ | evwl©K cix¶vq Zvi †gavµg n‡jv ¿
(N) X-Gi Aa©-evwl©K cixÿvi †gavµg evBbvwi I A±vj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iæcvšÍi Ki|
DËit

A_©vr X Gi Aa©evwl©K cix¶vi †gavµg evBbvwi‡Z (101111)2 Ges A±v‡j (57)8 |

9| m¨vi AvBwmwU K¬v‡m `yÔRb Qv·K `ywU `kwgK msL¨v wjL‡Z ejvq GKRb (+63)
Ges Ab¨Rb (+70) wjL‡jv| ZLb m¨vi ej‡jb Avwg 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 w`‡q bZzb GKwU msL¨v
c×wZ Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

(M) (2FC)16 msL¨vwU‡K m¨v‡ii bZyb msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki|
DËit DÏxc‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q, m¨vi †h bZzb msL¨v c×wZwU Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Q Zv‡Z 0,1, 2, 3,
4 †gvU 5 wU msL¨v i‡q‡Q| A_©v¨r, m¨v‡ii Avwe®‹„Z msL¨vwUi wfwË n‡”Q 5| GLb
(2FC)16 msL¨vwU‡K bZzb msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cÖ_‡g G‡K `kwg‡K iƒcvšÍi K‡i
†bIqv hvK|
¿
¿(764)10

GLb (764)10 `kwgK msL¨vwU bZzb msL¨v c×wZ‡ iƒcvšÍi Kwi,

5 764
5 152 - 4 (LSD)
5 30 - 2
5 6-0
5 1-1
0-1 (MSD)

¿(11025)5

AZGe, ¿ msL¨vwU‡K m¨v‡ii bZzb msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j cv‡ev ¿(11025)5 |

10|
(M) DÏxc‡Ki 5g msL¨vwU‡K A±vj , `kwgK I †n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki|
DËit DÏxc‡Ki 5g msL¨vwU n‡jv 101010 | wb‡P msL¨vwU‡K A±vj, `kwgK I
†n·v‡Wwm‡gj
msL¨v c×wZ‡Z iƒcvšÍi K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-

A±vj iƒcvšÍit
101 010
5 2
∴¿

`kwgK iƒcvšÍi t
¿
¿ 42
∴¿

‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj iƒcvšÍit
0010 1010
2 A
∴¿

11| X =(6 F .3C )16 , Y =(203.25)8

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

(M) DÏxc‡Ki msL¨vØq‡K evBbvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍi Ki|
DËit X =(6 F .3C )16 , Y =(203.25)8 †K evBbvwi‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv n‡jvt
X =(6 F .3C )16=(? )2

6 F .3 C
0110 1111 .0011 1100
(6 F .3 C)16=(01101111.00111100)2

Y =(203.25)8=(?)2

2 0 3 . 2 5
010 000 011 . 010 101
(203.25)8=(010000011.010101)2

(N) Z hw` X I Y Gi †hvMdj nq, Zvn‡j (Z)16 Gi gvb Kxfv‡e wbY©q Ki‡e, ‡m m¤ú‡K©
†Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
DËit Z hw` X I Y Gi †hvMdj nq, Zvn‡j (Z)16 Gi gvb wbY©q wb‡¤œ †`Lv‡bv n‡jvt
(M) n‡Z cvB,
X =(6 F .3C )16=(01101111.00111100)2

Y =(203.25)8=(010000011.01010100)2

X I Y Gi †hvMdj wbY©q-
X =(6 F .3C )16=01101111.00111100
Y =(203.25)8=10000011.01010100

†hvMdj =
11110010.10010000

1111 0010 .1001 0000

F 2 .9 0
∴ (Z)16=¿

12| Avwbm mv‡n‡ei gvwmK wej we`y¨r wej (101010101)2 | Avwbm mv‡n‡ei evmvq
`ywU j¨vcUc Av‡Q hvi g‡a¨ GKwUi i¨vg (4 BF )16 GB Ges Ab¨wUi i¨vg (1345)8 GB
(N) Avwbm mv‡n‡ei †Kvb j¨vcUcwUi cvidig¨vÝ Zzjbvg~jK fv‡jv? we‡kølYc~e©K
gZvgZ `vI|
DËit Avwbm mv‡n‡ei j¨vcUc `ywUi g‡a¨ GKwUi i¨vg (4 BF )16 GB Ges Ab¨wUi i¨vg
(1345)8 GB |

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

GLb, (4 BF )16 †K `kwg‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j cvB,
2 1 0
(4 BF )16 =4 × 16 +B × 16 + F ×16
2 1 0
¿ 4 ×16 +11×16 + 15× 16
¿ 4 ×256+11× 16+15 ×1
¿ 1024+176 +15=1215
∴ (4 BF )16 =(1215)10 GB
Avevi,
(1345)8 †K `kwg‡K cÖKvk Ki‡j cvB,
3 2 1 0
(1345)8=1 ×8 +3 × 8 +4 × 8 +5 ×8
¿ 1 ×512+3 ×64 +4 × 8+5 ×1
¿ 512+1 92+32+5=741
∴ (1345)8=(741)10 GB
myZivs Dc‡ii gvbØq †_‡K †`Lv hvq, ‡h Avwbm mv‡n‡ei (4 BF )16 GB i¨vg wewkó j¨vcU‡ci
i¨v‡gi cwigvY †ewk| ZvB ejv hvq , (4 BF )16 GB i¨vgwewkó j¨vcU‡ci cvidig¨vÝ fv‡jv| KviY
‡h j¨vcU‡ci i¨vg hZ fv‡jv †m j¨vcUc ZZ †ewk `ªæZ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

Type: 2 Gi cwic~iK msµvšÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© m„Rbkxj cÖkœ|
1| X =(123)n Ges Y =(43)16
(N) X – Y MvwbwZK cÖwµqvwU 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Kiv hvq-
Dw³wUi MvwbwZK we‡kølb Ki|
DËit

2| ZvmwKb m¨vi †kªYxK‡¶ ICT wel‡qi msL¨v c×wZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv KiwQ‡jb|
K¬v‡mi GK ch©v‡q m¨vi †mv‡nj I †ivnvb‡K wR‡½m Ki‡jb †Zvgvi cª_g
mvgwqK cix¶vq ICT wel‡q KZ b¤^i †c‡qwQ‡j? †mv‡nj ejj (105)8Ges (4 F)16
wcQ‡b e‡m _vKv wgZv ejj m¨vi Avwg‡Zv (100111)2 b¤^i †c‡qwQ|
(N) ‡mv‡nj I †ivnv‡bi cÖvß bv¤^v‡ii cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g w©bY©q Kiv hvq wKbv?
we‡kølY c~e©K gZvgZ `vI|

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

3| Szwg I iæwg †U÷ cixÿvq cÖvß bv¤^vi h_vµ‡g (920)10 I (920)8 | Zv‡`i K¬vm iæj
h_vµ‡g (37)8 I (3 A)16 |
(N) Szwg I iæwg cÖvß bv¤^v‡ii cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g w©biæcY Kiv m¤¢e wKbv?
we‡kølY Ki|
DËit Szwgi †U÷ cixÿvi cÖvß bv¤^vi (920)10 Ges iæwgi †U÷ cixÿvi cªvß bv¤^vi (920)8 |
wKš‘ A±vj msL¨v c×wZi †em 8 Ges G msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0 -7 ch©šÍ msL¨v ¸‡jv e¨envi
nq| A_¨©vr (920)8 msL¨vwU mwVK bq| ZvB Szwg I iæwgi cÖvß b¤^i `yBwUi
cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wbiycY Kiv m¤¢e bq|
4| iwb AvBwmwU K¬v‡m wewfbœ msL¨v c×wZ m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf K‡i| G aviYvi
wfwˇZ iwbi †ev‡bi eqm (110101)2 Ges fvB‡qi eqm (53)8eQi| iwb I Zvi fvB GKB
eªv‡Ûi I GKB g‡W‡ji `ywU ¯‹yj e¨vM h_vµ‡g (207)16I (510)10UvKv w`‡q wfbœ
†`vKvb †_‡K µq K‡i|
(N) DÏxc‡K iwbi fvB I ‡ev‡bi eq‡mi cv_©K¨ †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g wbY©q Ki|
DËit

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

5| Zb¥q I †kÖô Gi wbe©vPbx cixÿvi cÖvß bv¤^vi h_vµ‡g (53)16I (127)8
(N) ‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g Zb¥q I †kÖô Gi cÖvß bv¤^v‡ii cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiv m¤¢eÓ- Dw³
wU 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki ‡hv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mZ¨|
DËit
Zb¥q I †kÖ‡ôi cÖvß bv¤^vi h_vµ‡g (53)16I (127)8
(53)16=¿

(127)8=¿

GLv‡b,
(53)16−(127)8

¿(53)16 +(−127)8

8 weU †iwR÷v‡i (53)16 Gi evBbvwi ¿ 0 1 0 10 0 1 1

8 weU †iwR÷v‡i (127)8 Gi evBbvwi ¿ 0 1 0 10 1 11

1 Gi cwic~iK ¿ 1 0 10 1 0 0 0
+1
2 Gi cwic~iK (−127)8 ¿ 1 0 10 1 0 0 1

(53)16=0010011

+(−127)8=10101001
= 11111100

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

†h‡nZz, wPnœ weU 1 G‡m‡Q ZvB djvdj FbvZ¡K| wPýweU ev` w`‡q djvdj‡K Avevi 2 Gi
cwic~iK K‡i cvB,
1111100
0000011 [ 1 Gi cwic~iK]
+1
0000100 [ 2 Gi cwic~iK]

Djvdj ¿ ¿
¿¿
myZivs, Zv‡`i b¤^‡ii cv_©K¨ 4 Ges †kÖô †ewk b¤^i cvIqvq cv_©K¨ FbvZ¡K G‡m‡Q|

weKí mgvavbt
eo msL¨vwU ‡_‡K †QvU msL¨vwU we‡qvM †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zvn‡j †k‡li AskUzKz Avi
†k‡li AskUzKz Kiv jvM‡ebv|
‡hgb,
( 53 )16=¿
(127)8=¿

GLv‡b,
( 10100111 )2> ( 1010011 )2

ev, ( 127 )8> (53 )16

∴ ( 127 )8−( 53 )16 [ cv_©K¨ wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î]
¿ ( 127 )8 + (−53 )16 [wb‡Mkb K‡i cvB]

6| ¿ †_‡K ¿Gi cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki mvnv‡h¨|

DËit (−89 )10− (+ 96 )10

= (−89 )10 + (−96 )10

‡h‡nZz −89 I −96 FbvZ¡K Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q, G‡`i 2 Gi cwic~iK wbY©q Kwi|
( 89 )10=0000000001011001
= 1111111110100110 [ 1 Gi cwic~iK]

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749

 +1
= [ 2 Gi cwic~iK]
(−89 )10=1111111110100111

(96)10=0000000001100000

¿ 0000000001100000 [ 1 Gi cwic~iK]

+1
(−96)10 = 1111111110100000 [ 2 Gi cwic~iK]

(−89)10=1111111110100111

(−96)10=1111111110100000

(−185 )10 = 11111111101000111

GwUi wPý weU 1 e‡j 2 Gi cwic~iK AvKv‡i Av‡Q| GwU‡K cybivq 2 Gi cwic~iK Ki‡j
mvswL¨K gvb cvIqv hv‡e|
(−185)10=1111111101000111
¿ 0000000010111000 [ 1 Gi cwic~iK]
+1
(185)10=000000001011100 [ 2 Gi cwic~iK]

7| ¿ †_‡K ¿ †hvM Ki 2 Gi cwic~i‡Ki mvnv‡h¨|

‡bvUt 148 Gi evBbvwi gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z 16 we‡Ui †iwR÷vi e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| 148 Gi
evBbvwi gvb wbY©‡q 16 we‡Ui †iwR÷vi e¨venvi nIqvq ¿ Gi evBbvwi gvb wbY©q
Ki‡ZI 16 we‡Ui †iwR÷vi e¨envi K‡Z n‡e|
DËit Similar to 6

Tonmoy Sir 01813372749