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Lesson1 Introductiontoprogramming 231022103300 31c12e90

This document provides an introduction to programming concepts including what a program is, types of programming languages, and a brief history. It discusses how a program provides instructions to a computer, and defines a programming language as an artificial language used for communication between humans and computers. It also covers low-level languages like machine language and assembly language versus high-level languages, and examples of procedural and object-oriented languages. A brief overview of the history of programming languages is also presented.

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Timo- Schutz
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26 views30 pages

Lesson1 Introductiontoprogramming 231022103300 31c12e90

This document provides an introduction to programming concepts including what a program is, types of programming languages, and a brief history. It discusses how a program provides instructions to a computer, and defines a programming language as an artificial language used for communication between humans and computers. It also covers low-level languages like machine language and assembly language versus high-level languages, and examples of procedural and object-oriented languages. A brief overview of the history of programming languages is also presented.

Uploaded by

Timo- Schutz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

PROGRAMMING
Lesson 1 – Programming Logic and Design

MR. ROWELL L. MARQUINA


IT Instructor, PUP Biñan
WHAT IS A
PROGRAM?
WHAT IS A PROGRAM?

A program refers to a set


of commands that
provide instructions to a
computer on how to
perform a specific task.

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WHAT IS A PROGRAM?

A program can instruct the


computer to:
▪ display message on screen
▪ get input from users
▪ perform arithmetic operations
▪ compare values
▪ perform iterations

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WHAT IS A
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE?
WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
A programming language is an
artificial language developed to
provide a communication link
between humans and computers.

Like a formal language, a


programming language is defined
by its two components: syntax
(form) and semantics (meaning).

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WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
Syntax refers to the principle
that guides how a specific
instruction is written.

It details the rules on how


symbols, punctuations,
and words are used in a
programming language to
write a command.

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WHAT IS A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE?
Semantics refers to an
analytical system that conveys
or defines the meaning of a
written instruction in a
program.
It is used to generate and
validate meanings of a
piece of code.

IMAGE SOURCE: https://www.baeldung.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2022/10/Lexic2.png


TYPES OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Programming Language
can be classified into two
generations:
▪ Low Level Language
▪ High Level Language

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LOW LEVEL VS.
HIGH LEVEL
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE

Low Level Language is a type


of programming language
that is machine dependent
and provides little to no
abstraction in the interface
between programmers and
the machine.

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HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
A High-Level Language is a user-
friendly programming language that
allows programmers to write their
programs using natural language.
Since High-Level Language is
independent of the computer
hardware architecture, the syntax is
created in a form that can be easily
read and understood by humans.
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TYPES OF
LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
MACHINE LANGUAGE
Machine Language is a type of
low-level programming
language where the
instructions are written using
binary code.
A binary code refers to a string
of 1s (high voltage) and 0s (low
or no voltage).

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MACHINE LANGUAGE
To understand binary coding,
consider the use of 7–segment
LED Display.
The zero represents a situation
where there is no voltage that
entered the circuit or an “off”
state while one represents an
“on” state where a high voltage
entered the circuit.

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MACHINE LANGUAGE

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MACHINE LANGUAGE

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ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Assembly Language is a type of low-
level programming language that uses
mnemonics to act as an intermediary
interface between human and
computers.

Mnemonics refers to a string of


letters that represents a shortened
version of the instruction.

IMAGE SOURCE:
https://isaaccomputerscience.org/api/v3.5.0/api/images/content/computer_science/computer_systems/progr
amming_languages/figures/isaac_cs_sys_proglang_simulator_display_if.png
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE

VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gwYkEK0gOk


ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
An assembler is needed to make the computer understand the
codes written by the programmer. Assembler is a program that
converts a predefined language to machine language so that
the computer will understand what an abstracted code means.

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ADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
▪ The instructions are executed quickly since
there is minimal need for translation between
languages.
▪ The instructions require very small amount of
space in the memory.
▪ It offers a high level of security since the
program is written in a language that is
difficult to modify because of its complexity.
DISADVANTAGES OF LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
▪ It is very difficult to code using binary code.
▪ It is difficult to debug and maintain.
▪ Programs written in low-level languages are not portable
since they are written for specific specific computers.
TYPES OF
HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
Procedural Language is a high-level programming
language where the program is executed using a sequence
or a strict series of steps.

Object-Oriented Language is a high-level programming


language where the program is executed based on the
interaction of functions between objects.
ADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
▪ High-Level Languages are easy to understand
because it uses English language.
▪ Programs written using High-Level Languages
are portable meaning they can be used in
other computers aside from the computer
where the codes are written.
▪ Programs written in High-Level languages are
easier to debug and maintain.
DISADVANTAGES OF HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
▪ Instructions written using High-Level Language
programs takes longer time to process
because of the translation process from
human language to machine language.
▪ Programs written in high-level language
consumes a larger amount of memory
compared to Lower-Level programs because
of the interpreters, compilers, and other
processes needed for ease of translation.
HISTORY OF
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING

VIDEO SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhpslN-OD_o


INTRODUCTION TO
PROGRAMMING

MR. ROWELL L. MARQUINA


Professional Lecturer,
Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

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