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20 views29 pages

Lec 1

Uploaded by

07dc855dbbb4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATABASE SYSTEMS

IS211

Dr. Noha Nagy

Lecture 1 Database Concepts


Welcome!
2

 Instructor: Dr. Noha Nagy


 Office: New Building, second floor, next to IS TA’s
room
 Email: [email protected]

 Homepage: blackboard
Lecture Norms
3Slide

 Mobile Silent
 No side talks
 No Late entry [10 Minutes only]
 Mask
Textbook
4

 Fundamental of Database Systems, Ramez Elmasri,


Shamkant Navathe, Addison-Wesley; th7 edition.

4
Course Mechanics
5

 Evaluation:
 Final (60)
 Midterm (20)

 Individual assignments in labs(10)

 Project (10)
◼3 to 5 students
 Popup Quizzes and participation

5
6

What you expect to study in the course?


Course Overview
7

 Introduction to Database Systems


 Theory and the use of relational database
 Focus on:
 Relational Model
 SQL (Structured Query Language)

 Relational Algebra

 The ER(Entity Relationship)Model

 Normalization
What is Meant by Data and Information?
8

Data Student
20120023 ID: 20120023
20 Age: 20
CS Department: CS
What is Meant by Data and Information?
9

 Information
 Data
 Data with context
 Raw facts
 Processed data
 No context

Accurate, relevant, and timely information is key to good decision making

Good decision making is the key to survival in a global environment


Data: A Resource

 The Success of an organization depends on


efficient use of its resources:
 Buildings, factories, equipment
 Technical know-how

 Human resources

 Data

 Data: An important organizational resource


Why we need a Database?
11

 What kind of data we need to store?


 Examples on DB applications
 Hospital system
 Business clients

 Car registration

 Airline reservation

 Supermarket

 Hotel reservation
Databases Everywhere
12
Why should we care about
databases?
 We are in a data driven world
 “Big Data” is supposed to change the mode of
operation for almost every single field
 Science, technology, Healthcare, Business
14

 We use DB systems to store data.

Why not to use file system?


File System: Problem Case
15

Student file Registration file Financial file

S_Name (15 char) Std_Name (20 char) Student (20 char)


Carol Johnson Carol . Johnson Carol J. Smith

- inconsistent field name, field size


- inconsistent data values
- data duplication
6

Database System vs. File System


File Systems
17

 Problems
 Duplication
◼ same data may be stored in multiple files
 Inconsistency
◼ same data may be stored by different names in different
format
 Rigidity
◼ requires customized programming to implement any changes
◼ cannot do ad-hoc queries

 Implications
 Waste of space
 Data inaccuracies
 High overhead of data manipulation and maintenance
DB Systems
18

 It answers queries fast


 Q1: among a set of log pages, find those pages written by
Tramp after 2019
 Among a set of employers, increase the salary by 20% for
those who have worked longer than 4 years
 Queries from multiple users can execute concurrently
without affecting each other.
 It recovers from crash
 No corrupted data after restart
File System Vs Databases
19

 Small Systems  Large systems


 Often single user  Multiple users
 Simple structure  Complex structure
 Isolated data  Shared data
 Redundant data  Reduced redundancy
 Relatively cheap  Relatively expensive
 Less secure  More secure using views
20

Resolving customer complaints


Choosing suppliers Decision
Making
Deciding location of new store

Taking orders
Making reservation Daily operations

Database
Definitions
21

 Database:
 Collection of related data.
 A database contains a model of something!

 A Database Management System (DBMS): is a software


system designed to store, manage and facilitate access to
the database

 Database/Application Program: A computer program that


interacts with the database through the DBMS
Components of a Database System
22

Query Engine
Query optimizer
Storage management
Transaction management
Database System Environment
23 Users/Programmers

Database
Application Programs/Queries
System

DBMS
Software Software: Query Processing
& Programs

Software: Data Access

Database
Dictionary Database
Metadata
Database Systems Lifecycle
24

Requirement Design
Analysis

Maintenance Implementation
Database Players
25

 DB Administrator DBA
 Access authorization, coordination & monitoring database
usage, problem determination, performance tuning etc
 Designers
 choose the appropriate structures to represent & store the
data
 System analysts & application programmers
 Users
Database States
26

 Empty State: DB is empty when we first define the DB


schema
 Initial State: DB is first populated or loaded with data
 Current State: snapshot in time
Example of Relational DB
27
Management System Products
 Oracle
 Sybase
 Informix (Unix)
 DB2, SQL/DS (IBM)
 Access, SQL Server (Microsoft)
Database Models
28Slide
29Slide

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