CONFIDENTIAL 2 EM/DEC 2021/MEC442

QUESTION 1

a) Consider the flow field given by

"⃑
"⃑ = 𝑥 ! 𝑦𝚤⃑ − 3𝑦𝚥⃑ + 2𝑧 ! 𝑘
𝑉
i) Determine if the flow is incompressible.
ii) Calculate the acceleration of the fluid particle at point (x, y, z) = (3,1,2)
[CO1/PO1/C2] (5 marks)

b) Consider steady, incompressible, laminar flow of fluid with viscosity 𝝁 and density 𝝆 in a
cylinder with a plunger moving downwards with a velocity 𝑽 as shown in Figure Q1(b). A
constant pressure gradient is applied in the positive x direction that pushes the fluid
upwards and gravity acts downwards.

i) Assuming the clearance distance between the plunger and the inner wall of the
cylinder to be 𝒉, derive an expression for the velocity field between the plunger
and the inner wall of the cylinder. You may approximate that the flow in the
clearance region to be between two parallel plates with a constant width 𝒘.

ii) Produce the expression for the volume flow rate in the clearance region.

!, "
Plunger

Cylinder wall
V

Figure Q1(b)
[CO3/PO2/C4] (15 marks)

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CONFIDENTIAL 3 EM/DEC 2021/MEC442

QUESTION 2

a) If the component of velocity in a steady, incompressible flow field in the x-y plane is

𝑢 = 2𝑥, 𝑣 = −2𝑦

Obtain the expression for the velocity potential function.

[CO1/PO1/C2] (5marks)

b) Consider a flow field formed from the combination of a uniform stream and a line source
shown in Figure Q2(b) below.

i) Generate the expression for the stream function for this flow if the uniform stream
velocity is 𝑼 and the line source strength is 𝒒.

ii) If the uniform stream velocity 𝑼 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒎/𝒔 and the line source strength 𝒒 =
𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟗. 𝟗𝟔 𝒎𝟐 /𝒔 , determine the location of the stagnation point 𝒂.

iii) Using the information in part (ii), calculate the magnitude of the fluid velocity at
point B.

[CO3/PO2/C4] (15 marks)

Figure Q2(b)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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CONFIDENTIAL 4 EM/DEC 2021/MEC442

APPENDIX 1

¶u ¶v ¶w
Continuity: + + =0
¶x ¶y ¶z

Navier-Stokes Equation:

æ ¶u ¶u ¶u ¶u ö ¶p æ ¶ 2u ¶ 2u ¶ 2u ö
x-component: r ç + u + v + w ÷ = - + rg x + µ çç 2 + 2 + 2 ÷÷
ç ÷
è ¶t ¶x ¶y ¶z ø ¶x è ¶x ¶y ¶z ø

æ ¶v ¶v ¶v ¶v ö ¶p æ ¶ 2v ¶ 2v ¶ 2v ö
y-component: r çç + u + v + w ÷÷ = - + rg y + µ çç 2 + 2 + 2 ÷÷
è ¶t ¶x ¶y ¶z ø ¶y è ¶x ¶y ¶z ø

æ ¶w ¶w ¶w ¶w ö ¶p æ ¶2w ¶2w ¶2w ö

z-component: r çç +u +v + w ÷÷ = - + rg z + µ çç 2 + 2 + 2 ÷÷
è ¶t ¶x ¶y ¶z ø ¶z è ¶x ¶y ¶z ø

Continuity and NSE in Cylindrical Coordinates

1 ¶(rur ) 1 ¶uq ¶u z
+ + =0
r ¶r r ¶q ¶z

æ ¶u ¶u u ¶u u2 ¶u ö
r-component: r ç r + u r r
+ q r - q + u z r ÷÷
ç ¶t ¶r r ¶q r ¶z ø
è

¶p é 1 ¶ æ ¶u r ö u r 1 ¶ 2 u r 2 ¶uq ¶ 2 u r ù
=- + rg r + µ ê çr ÷- 2 + 2 - + 2 ú
¶r ë r ¶r è ¶r ø r r ¶q 2 r 2 ¶q ¶z û

æ ¶uq ¶u u ¶u uu ¶u ö
θ-component: r ç + ur q + q q + r q + u z q ÷
è ¶t ¶r r ¶q r ¶z ø

1 ¶p é 1 ¶ æ ¶uq ö uq 1 ¶ 2uq 2 ¶u r ¶ 2uq ù

=- + rgq + µ ê çr ÷- 2 + 2 + + 2 ú
r ¶q ë r ¶r è ¶r ø r r ¶q 2 r 2 ¶q ¶z û

æ ¶u z ¶u u ¶u ¶u ö
z-component: r ç + ur z + q z + u z z ÷
è ¶t ¶r r ¶q ¶z ø

¶p é 1 ¶ æ ¶u z ö 1 ¶ 2 u z ¶ 2 u z ù
= - + rg z + µ ê çr ÷+ 2 + 2 ú
¶z ë r ¶r è ¶r ø r ¶q ¶z û
2

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CONFIDENTIAL 5 EM/DEC 2021/MEC442
! ! ! !
! ¶V ¶V ¶V ¶V
a= +u +v +w
¶t ¶x ¶y ¶z

! " ! ! ! ¶ ! ¶ ! ¶ !
z = 2w = Ñ ´ V where, Ñ= i + j+ k
¶x ¶y ¶z

" æ 1 ¶u z ¶uq ö ! æ ¶u r ¶u z ö ! 1 æ ¶(ruq ) ¶u r ö !

z =ç - ÷e r + ç - ÷eq + ç - ÷e z
è r ¶q ¶z ø è ¶z ¶r ø r è ¶r ¶q ø

¶y ¶y 1 ¶y ¶y
Stream function: u= , v=- , ur = , uq = -
¶y ¶x r ¶q ¶r

¶f ¶f ¶f 1 ¶f
Velocity potential: u= , v= , ur = , uq =
¶x ¶y ¶r r ¶q

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