Technical Drawing

Drafting Technical Drawing

The academic discipline of creating standardized

technical drawing by

architects,
interior designers,
engineers and
related professionals.

The person who drafts is called

drafter, drafting technician, draftsperson, draftsman.
Drafting Technical Drawing

Standards and conventions for layout

line thickness, text size, symbols,

view projections, descriptive geometry,
dimensioning and notations

are use to create drawings that are ideally interpreted in

only one way.
Instruments & Materials

Architects and designers need

instruments and supplies

including large adjustable drawing table or

drawing board and chair.

An overhead adjustable lamp (flourescent light)

is required in addition to general illumination.
Instruments & Materials

Source: Drafting Table, Chair & Lamp Alvin Onyx Creative Center
http://shop.archsupply.com/product/drafting-table-chair-
lamp-alvin-onyx-creative-center/
Instruments & Materials
1. T-SQUARE
for drawing horizontal lines. It can be 18, 24, 32, 36, 42,
48 inches in length.
It is made of aluminum, stainless steel, wood and metal
blades.

2. Triangles
used to draw vertical lines, inclined lines or specific lines
of any angles such as 30, 45, 60 degrees.
Adjustable triangle is use in variety of inclined lines. 12
inches is best to use.
Instruments & Materials

3. METRIC SCALE – use primarily for drawing architectural,

structural, mechanical details. The purpose is to represent a large
objects at a reduce scale to fit on a drafting paper. Some are color
coded. Always observe scale from directly above.

Common scale are 1: 100, 1:200, 1: 250, 1:300, 1: 400

and 1: 500 Meters.

Plan: 1:100M Site Dev Plan: 1:500M

Details: 1:10 or 1:20M Blow-up Details:1:1, 1:2, 1:5M
 Instruments & Materials

Source: Rotring T-square

https://www.carousell.ph/p/rotring-t-square-
119985202/
Source: Portable Drafting Boards
https://www.amazon.com/Alvin-PXB36-
Portable-Parallel-Straightedge/dp/B001E1T8CU
Instruments & Materials

Source: SG Education SG ADS2M8 Adjustable Set Square.

https://www.amazon.co.uk/SG-Education-ADS2M8-
Adjustable-Square/dp/B0756RFHWW

Source: Kent Set Square. Cavalier Art Supply.

https://www.cavalierart.com.au/product/ken
t-set-squares/
Instruments & Materials

Source: Otocawe 30cm 1:100~1:500 Triangular Metric Scale Ruler Engineer Tool 12.6'' Multicolor.
https://shopee.ph/Otocawe-30cm-1-100~1-500-Triangular-Metric-Scale-Ruler-Engineer-
Tool-12.6%27%27-Multicolor-i.96685751.1683047727
Instruments & Materials
4. COMPASS AND RELATED DRAWING INSTRUMENTS – Compass is
use for small and intermediate circles and arcs. Extension Arm
is use for very large circles. Adaptor or ink attachment.

5. TECHNICAL PENS – design with tubular point within which is a

fine wire that controls the ink in flow. Use it with clog free water
proof drawing ink that will not fade if exposed to light.
Commonly used are 0.1, 0.3, 0.5

6. PENCILS – writing implement or art medium usually constructed

of a narrow graphite solid pigment core inside a protective
casing. It is made up of graphite mixed with clay binder. Pencil
and ink are most versatile media to artist and designer.
Instruments & Materials

Source: Rotring Compass Set 6 Piece. Retrieved from

https://huntoffice.co.uk/rotring-compass-set-6-piece-
with-extension-bar-plus-ruling-pen-and-extra-bow-
compass-ref-s0676560-452591.html
 Instruments & Materials

Source: French Curve Set, C-Thru® (3 pc).

https://www.goldstartool.com/french-curve-set-
cthru-3-pc.htm
Source: Staedler Mars Flexible Curve Ruler .
https://www.jetpens.com/Staedtler-Mars-
Flexible-Curve-Ruler-Graduated-30-
cm/pd/16924
Instruments & Materials

Source: rOtring S0699370 Isograph Technical Drawing Pens, Set, 3-Pen College Set.
https://gibraltar.desertcart.com/products/6085867-rotring-isograph-
technical-drawing-pens-set-3-pen-college-set-20-50-mm
Instruments & Materials
Pencil can be hard, medium, or soft.

“B” stands for softness and “H” stands for hardness.

9H is the hardest (smallest diameter) and 6B is the softest (largest
diameter)

HB is use for lettering and sharp defined line.

F, H are multipurpose in use and for architectural layout
B to 6B are use in freehand sketching

HARD MEDIUM SOFT

9H to 2H H, F, HB 2B to 6B
Instruments & Materials

Source: Staedtler Mars Plastic Erasers

https://www.amazon.com/Staedtler-526-50-Plastic-
Erasers/dp/B004HIW02M

Source: Staedtler Mars Lumograph Graphite

Drawing and Sketching Pencils 100 G12
12pcs/box or Set of 16 Degrees. Source: Staedtler Mars Erasing Shield
https://www.aliexpress.com/i/3237381 https://www.jerrysartarama.com/erasing-shield
4192.html
Instruments & Materials
Ways of making detail in pencil:

1. The way you sharpen it.

There are different types of pencil point.
a. Conical Point (simplest and uniform)
b. Chisel Point ,Blunt (broad)
c. Elliptical Point (special purposes)

2. The way you hold it.

There are various ways of holding a pencil.
a. typical position
b. for free work
c. extremely free work and inverted position
d. braced position (for detailing)
Instruments & Materials

Source: Four ways to hold a pencil to draw

https://makingamark.blogspot.com/2018/07/four-ways-to-hold-pencil-
to-draw.html
Instruments & Materials
Mechanical Pencil is of two types:

1. Clutch Pencil or Mechanical Holder

(2mm in diameter)
2. Fine Leader Holder – push button
lead is 0.3 to 0.9mm but 0.5mm is
popular, need not to be sharpen.

Source: STAEDTLER 780C CLUTCH MECHANICAL Source: STAEDTLER MARS MICRO

PENCIL LEAD HOLDER. Retrieved from MECHANICAL PENCIL
https://www.yellowbee.my/webshaper/store/vie https://www.thepencompany.com/pro
wprod.asp?pkproductitem=477&pkproduct= duct/staedtler-mars-micro-mechanical-pencil/
Instruments & Materials
7. ERASER – soft vinyl or plastic eraser that are pliable and smudge
free yields the best results. Examples are Staedtler mars, Magic
rub, Helix

8. CUTTER OR SHARPENER – blades that are use to sharpen the

pencils. Various types are available for specific use such as Olfa
knife (cutting), X-acto knife (detailing), Utility knife (heavy
materials).

9. PENCIL POINTER – use to produce a pointed lead of a pencil.

10. ERASING SHIELD – thin metal cover that protects drawn lines
while erasing unwanted lines.

11.MASKING TAPE – it holds the drawing paper in place to avoid

deviating from proper position.
Instruments & Materials

Source: Faber Castell Twin Hole Sharpener

http://www.pencils4artists.co.uk/faber-castell-
twin-hole-sharpener-18-57-10-c2x17472944

Source: Sandpaper Sharpener - 2 Pieces Sketch

Sandpaper Pencil Sharpener Lead Pointer
https://www.aliexpress.com/item/3288612215
5.html

Source: Alvin Drafting Duster

https://www.enasco.com/p/9705811A
Instruments & Materials
12.RAGS / DRAFTING DUSTER – use to clean the surface of the
paper after erasures.

13.FRENCH CURVE – are irregular curves that have no constant

radii. Flexible curve is use to draw almost any curve in contour
lines by shaping and bending it.

14.DRAWING PAPER – There are two classifications of paper.

Machine-made paper that is use in exercises of lines and
drawings. Handmade or Mould-made papers hat is use for
rendered drawings.
a. Drawing paper (drafting)
b. Sketch pad (freehand and rendering)
c. Tracing paper (design) – especially treated papers. Linen,
polyester, film transparent or semi-transparent in nature. They
allow the lines underneath to be clearly seen and so copied or
traced when placed over original drawing.
Instruments & Materials

Source: CANSON SKETCH PAD Source: Top 10 Best Watercolor Paper – Reviews and Top Picks
https://theoilpaintstore.com/341- https://seasaltandpepper.com/best-watercolor-paper/
canson-sketch-pad

Source: Gateway Tracing Paper Source: Bainbridge Illustration Board

https://ibitsphil.com/product/gateway- https://www.amazon.com/Bainbridge-
tracing-paper/ Illustration-Board-No-each/dp/B004BNEW9C
Instruments & Materials
d. Illustration board (drawing presentations) – comes in 1/16 or
1 / 3 2 i n c h e s t h i c k n e s s s u i t a b l e f o r b o t h f i n i s h d ra w i n g
presentation and fine presentation models. Other types includes
chipboards and foam core board that are excellent for model
making

15.PROTRACTOR – use to measure angles. It can either be circular

or semicircular.
Instruments & Materials

Source: Sparco-Professional-Protractor. Retrieved from Source: Budget Architectural Template . Retrieved from
https://www.officesupplyhut.com/Products/Sp https://www.draftex.com.au/product/budget-
arco-Professional-Protractor---Plastic---Clear--- architectural-templates
1-Each__SPR01490.aspx
Priority:
1. T-square (36”) or Board w/ Straight Edge
2. Triangles (30-60 degrees & 45 degrees) (12”)
3. Pencils (HB and F), sharpener & eraser
4. Metric scale
5. Drawing paper (18”x12” Sketch Pad for pencil and ink)

to follow:

6. Technical Pens (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) or (0.2, 0.4, 0.6) & ink
7. Compass with ink adaptor