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Exp 8 A

This document describes an experiment to study the operating characteristics of static inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) overcurrent relays. It provides background on overcurrent relays and how their inverse time characteristics allow for coordination between relays on a radial feeder. The experiment procedure involves setting the relay at different time multiplier settings and plug settings, applying fault currents, and recording the relay operating times.

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12 views2 pages

Exp 8 A

This document describes an experiment to study the operating characteristics of static inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) overcurrent relays. It provides background on overcurrent relays and how their inverse time characteristics allow for coordination between relays on a radial feeder. The experiment procedure involves setting the relay at different time multiplier settings and plug settings, applying fault currents, and recording the relay operating times.

Uploaded by

sadmansaquib12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Engineering Department

NIT Silchar
Power System Lab Manual

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
TITLE: Study of static over current relay characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To study the operating characteristics of static IDMT overcurrent relay.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: <Give Apparatus specification>

THEORY: In an over current relay, when normal current flows through the current coil, the
magnetic effect generated by the coil is not sufficient to move the moving element of the relay, as
the restraining force is greater than deflecting force. But when the current through the coil
increased, the magnetic effect increases, and after certain level of current, the deflecting force
generated by the magnetic effect of the coil, crosses the restraining force, as a result, the moving
element starts moving to change the contact position in the relay.

In the radial feeder configuration, supply from one end only, discrimination of faults can be
achieved by incorporating time delays at each relay point. This enables the relay closest to the fault
to trip, isolating the fault circuit without affecting the other non-faulty circuits. A disadvantage of
this system is that for faults near the source, the fault current can be much greater than at the
opposite end of the feeder due to the impedance. For a fault at point F in Fig.1, the circuit breaker
at point C opens before those at point A and B, leaving most of the feeder operational. The relays
have a time grading of 0.5s (to allow for relay and circuit breaker operation plus error allowance),
illustrating discrimination by time grading only.

Low impedance = High impedance =


High fault current Less fault current

A B C
~
1.5 s 1.0 s 0.5 s
AC

Radial Feeder

The disadvantage can be overcome by employing relays with an inverse current / time
characteristic – i.e. the time delays are reduced for higher currents. These relays are known as
IDMT relays (Inverse Definite Minimum Time). A minimum time of operation is incorporated to
ensure co-ordination between the relays when the fault level does not vary along the feeder.

Ideal inverse time characteristics can not be achieved, in an over current relay. As the current in
the system increases, the secondary current of the current transformer is increased proportionally.
The secondary current is fed to the relay current coil. But when the CT becomes saturated, there
would not be further proportional increase of CT secondary current with increased system current.
Electrical Engineering Department
NIT Silchar
Power System Lab Manual

As the relay current is not increased further, there would not be any further reduction in time of
operation in the relay. This time is referred as minimum time of operation. Hence, the characteristic
is inverse in the initial part, which tends to a definite minimum operating time as the current
becomes very high. That is why the relay is referred as inverse definite minimum time over current
relay or simply IDMT relay.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Connect the relay as mentioned by the manufacturer.[AC-I out→10A; DC fixed Volt.
Out→110V; Timer ckt→Stop]
Step 2: Set the relay at a particular operating point i.e TMS and Plug setting.
Step 3: Switch on V-I control by Direct ON.
Step 4: Apply current of required value of fault current by using the VI control.
Step 5: Activate the timer (from NO to NC).
Step 6: Vary the TMS and note the relay operation time from the timer.
Step 7: Vary the fault current and repeat the step 6.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
TMS(Second)
Fault Current
PSM 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Current setting
T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P

QUESTIONS:
1. Define Pickup current.
2. What do you mean by PSM and TMS of a relay?
3. What is the difference between relay and fuse?
4. Why IDMT relays are widely used for over current protection?
5. What do you mean by reach point of a relay?
6. What are the advantages of static relay over electromagnetic relay?
7. What is fault clearance time?
8. Define and explain the relay operating time.
9. Explain the working principle of an IDMT relay?

CONCLUSION:

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