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THERMAL PHYSICS 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 18
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Principle of calorimetry :

Heat lost = heat gained

For temperature change Q = msDT

For phase change Q = mL

THERMAL EXPANSION
Linear expansion l = l0(1 + aDT)
Areal expansion A = A0 (1 + DT)
Volume expansion V = V0(1 + DT)
[For isotropic solids : a :  :  = 1 : 2 : 3]
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Heat Transfer
• Conduction
Rate of heat flow
dQ dT Q KA ( T1 − T2 )
= −KA or =
dt dx t

• Radiation
Stefan's Boltzmann law :
Radiated energy emitted by a perfect black body per unit area/sec E= T4
For a general body E=erT4 [where 0  er  1]
dQ
• Rate of heat loss = RH = = e r A  T 4 − T04 
dt
dT e r A 4
• Rate of fall in temp. = RF = =  T − T04 
dt ms
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Newton's law of cooling:

when a body cools from 1 to 2 in time 't' in a surrounding of temperature 0 then
1 − 2  +  
= k  1 2 − 0 
t  2 

Kirchhoff's law :
The ratio of spectral emissive power to spectral absorptive power is same for all
surfaces at the same temperature and is equal to the emissive power of a perfectly
black body at that temperature.
e E E e
= =   = E  e  a 
a A 1 a

Wien's Displacement Law :

mT = b = 2.89 × 10–3 mK = Wien's constant
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.1(A) 10 gm of ice at –20°C is mixed with 10 gm of water at 50°C, then the temperature of
mixture is:-

–20°C ij 10 gm cQZ dks 50°C ij 10 gm ikuh ds lkFk fefJr fd;k x;k gS] rks feJ.k dk rki
gksxk :-
(1) –20°C (2) 15°C (3) 0°C (4) 50°C

Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
10 × 0.5 × 20 + 10 × 80 = 900 cal

(Heat required to melt complete ice)

10 × 1 × 50 = 500 cal

(Heat lost by water at 50° in reaching 0°C)

So complete ice will not melt

∴ temperature of mixture = 0°C

 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.1(B) Steam at 100°C is passed into 20 g of water at 10°C. When water acquires a temperature
of 80°C, the mass of water present will be : [Take specific heat of water = 1 cal g–1 °C–1
and latent heat of steam = 540 cal g–1]

100°C dh Hkki dks 10°C ds 20 gm ty esa feyk;k tkrk gSA tc ty dk rki 80°C rd c<+rk gS
rks ml le; ty dh ek=k gksxh [ikuh dh fof'k"V Å"ek = 1 cal g–1 °C–1 rFkk Hkki dh xqIr Å"ek
= 540 cal g–1]
(1) 24 g (2) 31.5 g (3) 42.5 g (4) 22.5 g

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
m1Lv + m1sΔθ = m2sΔθ

m × 540 + m × 1 × 20 = 20 × 1 × 70

m1 × 560 = 1400

m1  2.5 g

∴ Total mass of water = 20 + 2.5 = 22.5 g

 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.2(A) Assertion :- A beaker is completely filled with water at 4°C. It will overflow, both when
heated or cooled.
Reason :- There is expansion of water below as well as above 4°C.
(1) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is NOT the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(2) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(3) Assertion is false but Reason is true.
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion.
dFku :- ,d chdj 4°C ds ty ls iw.kZr% Hkjk gqvk gSA bls B.Mk djus ij vFkok xeZ djus ij]
nksuks gh n'kkvksa esa ikuh ckgj fudysxkA
dkj.k :- 4°C ls Åij vFkok uhps tkus ij ty dk çlkj ¼expansion½ gksrk gSA
(1) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuks lR; gS] ijUrq dkj.k] dFku dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2) dFku lR; gS ijUrq dkj.k vlR; gSA
(3) dFku vlR; gS ijUrq dkj.k lR; gSA
(4) dFku vkSj dkj.k nksuks lR; gS] vkSj dkj.k] dFku dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Water has maximum density at 4°C, on heating above 4°C or cooling below 4°C density
of water decreases and its volume increases. Therefore, water overflows in both the cases.
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.2(B) Cooking is difficult on hills because :-
(1) atmospheric pressure is higher (2) atmospheric pressure is lower

(3) boiling point of water is reduced (4) Both (2) and (3)

igkM+h {ks=ksa esa [kkuk cukuk dfBu gS] D;ksafd %&

(1) ok;qe.Myh; nkc vf/kd gksrk gS (2) ok;qe.Myh; nkc de gksrk gS

(3) ty dk DoFkukad de gks tkrk gSA (4) fodYi (2) o (3) nksuks

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
At high altitudes, atmospheric pressure is lower, reducing the boiling point of water as
compared to that at sea level. When boiling point of water is reduced, it has lesser heat at
boiling, it transfers lesser heat to raw food material, per unit time. So, it takes more time to
cook food. On the other hand, boiling point is increased inside a pressure cooker by
increasing the pressure. Hence, cooking is faster.
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.2(C) Two substances A and B of equal mass m are heated at uniform rate of 6 cal s-1 under
similar conditions. A graph between temperature and time for both is shown in figure.
H 
Ratio of heat absorbed  A  by them for only fusion is :-
 HB 
leku ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa] leku æO;eku m ds nks inkFkksZ A o B dks 6 cal s–1 dh nj ls xeZ fd;k
tkrk gSA nksuksa ds fy, rki&le; oØ dks fp= esa çnf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA dsoy xyu ds fy, muds
H 
}kjk vo'kksf"kr Å"ek dk vuqikr  A  gS
 HB 

9 4 8 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 9 5 8
Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
From given curve,

Melting point for A = 60°C

and melting point for B = 20°C

Time taken by A for fusion = (6 – 2) = 4 minute

Time taken by B for fusion = (6.5 – 4) = 2.5 minute

HA 6  4  60 8
Then, H = =
B 6  2.5  60 5
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.3(A) In the figure, the distribution of energy density of the radiation emitted by a black body at a
given temperature is shown. The possible temperature of the black body is : (b =3×10–3 m-K)

uhps fp= esa ,d fn;s x;s rki ij —".k fi.M }kjk mRlftZr fofdj.kksa ds ÅtkZ ?kuRo ds forj.k dks
fn[kk;k x;k gSA —".k fi.M dk lEHkkfor rki gS (b =3×10–3 m-K)

E

(1) 1500 K (2) 2000 K (3) 2500 K (4) 3000 K

Ans. 2
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
(
 m T = b where b = 3  10 –3 mK )
b 310−3
T= = = 2000K
 m 1.510−6
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.3(B) On observing light from three different stars P, Q and R, it was found that intensity of
violet color is maximum in the spectrum of P, the intensity of green colour is maximum in
the spectrum of R and the intensity of red colour is maximum in the spectrum of Q.
If TP, TQ and TR are the respective absolute temperatures of P, Q and R, then it can be
concluded from the above observation that :

rhu fofHkUu rkjksa (stars) P, Q rFkk R ds çdk'k ds v/;;u ls Kkr gqvk fd buds çdk'k ds LisDVªe esa
vf/kdre rhozrk Øe'k% P esa cSaxuh] R esa gjs rFkk Q esa yky jax ds çdk'k dh gSA ;fn P, Q rFkk R ds
ije rki Øe'k% TP, TQ rFkk TR gSa rks] mijksä çs{k.kksa ls ;g ifj.kke fudkyk tk ldrk gS fd:
(1) TP > TR > TQ (2) TP < TR < TQ (3) TP < TQ < TR (4) TP > TQ > TR

Ans. 1
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
1
From Wein's displacement law, λm ∝
T
Now from sequence ‘VIBGYOR’

(λm)P < (λm)R < (λm)Q

So TP > TR > TQ
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.3(C) A black body is at a temperature of 5760 K. The energy of radiation emitted by the body at
wavelength 250 nm is U1, at wavelength 500 nm is U2 and that at 1000 nm is U3. Wien's
constant, b = 2.88 × 106 nmK. Which of the following is correct?

dksbZ —f".kdk 5760 K rki ij gSA bl fi.M }kjk mRlftZr fofdj.kksa dh ÅtkZ] rjaxnS/;Z 250 nm
ij U1 rjaxnS/;Z 500 nm ij U2 rFkk rjaxnS/;Z 1000 nm ij U3 gSA ohu&fu;rkad]
b = 2.88 × 106 nmK gSA uhps fn;k x;k dkSu lk lac/k lgh gSa \

(1) U1 = 0 (2) U3 = 0 (3) U1 > U2 (4) U2 > U1

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
b
Maximum amount of emitted radiation corresponding to  m =
T
2.88  106 nmK
m = = 500 nm
5760K
From the graph U1  U 2  U 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.3(D) A ideal black body is first kept at 327°C and there after at 927°C. The ratio of radiant
energy emitted by the black body is :-

,d vkn'kZ —f".kdk 327°C rki ij gS vkSj mlds i'pkr~ ;g 927°C rki j[kh tkrh gSA —f".kdk
ls mRlftZr fofdj.k ÅtkZ dh vuqikr gS :-
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 1 : 8 (4) 1 : 16

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
T1 = 327 + 273 = 600 K

T2 = 927 + 273 = 1200 K

4
E1 T14  600  1
= =   =
E 2 T24  1200  16
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.4(A) A wall has two layer A and B each made of different material and both the layers have the
same thickness. The thermal conductivity of the material A is twice that of B. In steady
state, the temperature difference across the wall B is 36°C. The temperature difference
across the wall A is :

,d nhokj dh nks ijrksa A rFkk B çR;sd dks fHkUu&fHkUu inkFkZ ls cuk;k x;k gSA nksuksa ijrksa dh
eksVkbZ leku gSA inkFkZ A dh Å"eh; pkydrk] B dh rqyuk esa nksxquh gSA LFkk;h voLFkk esa nhokj
B ds fljksa ij rkikUrj 36°C gSA nhokj A ds fljksa ij rkikUrj gksxk%

(1) 6°C (2) 12°C (3) 18°C (4) 24°C

Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
dH dH
=
dt A dt B
KA  36 2KA
= DT
l l
DT = 18o C
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.4(B) Figure shows a copper rod joined to a steel rod. The rods have equal length and
equal cross-sectional area. The free end of the copper rod is kept at 0°C and that of the
steel rod is kept at 100°C. Find the temperature at the junction of the rods. (Conductivity
of copper = 390 W/m-°C and that of steel = 46 W/m-°C.)

n'kkZ;s x;s fp= esa rk¡cs dh NM+ dks LVhy dh NM+ ls tksM+k x;k gSA NM+kas dh yEckbZ leku gS vkSj
vuqçLFk dkV {ks=Qy Hkh leku gSaA rk¡cs ds eqä fljs dk rki 0°C gS rFkk LVhy ds eqä fljs dk
rki 100°C gS] rks NM+ksa dh laf/k dk rki Kkr dhft;sA ¼rk¡cs dh pkydrk ¾ 390 W/m-°C rFkk
LVhy dh pkydrk ¾ 46 W/m-°C-½

(1) 5.3°C (2) 10.6°C (3) 20.1°C (4) 15°C

Ans. 2
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
H1 = H 2
46A 390A
(100 − ) = ( − 0)
 = 10.6o C
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.4(C) Two rods A and B of different materials are welded together as shown in figure. Their
thermal conductivities are K1 and K2. The thermal conductivity of the composite rod will
be :-

fofHkUu inkFkksZ dh cuh nks NM+ksa A vkSj B dks] vkjs[k esa n'kkZ;s x;s vuqlkj vkil esa oSYM dj tksM+
fn;k x;k gSA bu NM+ksa dh Å"ek pkydrk Øe'k% K1 rFkk K2 gSaA rks] buls cuh la;qä NM+ dh
Å"ek pkydrk gksxh :–

3(K1 + K 2 ) K1 + K 2
(1) (2) K1 + K2 (3) 2 (K1 + K2) (4)
2 2

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
1 1 1
In parallel = +
R eq R1 R 2
K eq (2A) K1A K 2A
= +

K1 + K 2
K eq =
2
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.5(A) If a metallic sphere gets cooled from 62°C to 50°C in 10 minutes and in the next 10
minutes gets cooled to 42°C, then the temperature of the surroundings is :

,d /kkrq dk xksyk 62°C ls 50°C rd 10 feuV esa BaMk gksrk gS vkSj vxys 10 feuV esa 42°C rd
BaMk gksrk gS] rks okrkoj.k dk rkieku gS :
(1) 30°C (2) 36°C (3) 26°C (4) 20°C

Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
1 − 2  +  
= K  1 2 − 0 
t  2 
In the first 10 minute
62 − 50  62 + 50 
= K − 0 
10  2 
 1.2 = K[56 − 0 ] ...(i)
In next 10 minute
50 − 42  50 + 42 
= K − 0 
10  2 
 0.8 = K[46 − 0 ] ...(ii)
from equations ( i ) and ( ii )
1.2 (56 − 0 )
= 0 = 26o C
0.8 (46 − 0 )
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.5(B) Coefficient of linear expansion of brass and steel rods are a1 and a2. Lengths of brass and
steel rods are ℓ1 and ℓ2 respectively. If (ℓ2 – ℓ1) is maintained same at all temperatures,
which one of the following relations holds good ?

ihry ¼czkl½ vkSj LVhy dh NM+ksa ds vuqnS/kZ~; çlkj ds xq.kkad Øe'k% α1 rFkk α2 gSA ihry vkSj
LVhy dh NM+kas dh yEckbZ;ka Øe'k% ℓ1 vkSj ℓ2 gSaA ;fn (ℓ2 – ℓ1) dks lHkh rkiksa ds fy, leku
cuk;k tk;s] rc uhps fn, x, lac/kksa esa ls dkSu lk lR; gSa \
(1) α1ℓ2 = α2ℓ1 (2) α1ℓ22 = α2ℓ12 (3) α12ℓ2 = α22ℓ1 (4) α1ℓ1 = α2ℓ2

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
Change in length for both rods should be same

Δℓ1 = Δℓ2 ⇒ ℓ1α1ΔT = ℓ2α2ΔT ⇒ ℓ1α1 = ℓ2α2

 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.5(C) The density of water at 20°C is 0.998 gm/cm3 and at 40°C is 0.992 gm/cm3. The mean
coefficient of cubical expansion (in per °C) of water is :-

20°C ij ty dk ?kuRo 0.998 xzke@lseh3 rFkk 40°C ij 0.992 xzke@lseh3 gSA ty dk vkSlr
vk;ru çlkj xq.kkad ¼çfr °C esa½ :&
(1) 1 × 10–4 (2) 2 × 10–4 (3) 3 × 10–4 (4) 6 × 10–4

Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
d1
d2 =
1 +  (T2 − T1 )
0.998
0.992 =
1 +  (40 − 20)
  = 3  10−4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.5(D) On heating a liquid of coefficient of cubical expansion γ in a container having coefficient
of linear expansion γ/3, the level of liquid in the container will :-
(1) fall (2) rise

(3) remain unchanged (4) It is difficult to say

γ vk;ru çlkj xq.kkad okys æo dks ,d crZu esa Hkjk x;k gS ftldk js[kh; çlkj xq.kkad γ/3 gSA
bls xeZ djus ij crZu esa æo dk Lrj :-
(1) fxjrk gS (2) c<+rk gS

(3) vifjofrZr jgrk gS (4) dguk dfBu gS

Ans. 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
γapp = γl – γs

Here γs = 3as = 3(γ/3) = γ

and γl = γ

∴ γapp = 0

hence the liquid level remains unchanged.

 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.6 The rectangular surface of area 8cm × 4 cm of a black body at a temperature of 127°C
emits energy at the rate of E. If the length and breadth of the surface are each reduced to
half of the initial value and the temperature is raised to 327°C, the rate of emission of
energy will become.

,d d`f".kdk ftldk rkieku 127°C gS] dk 8 cm × 4 cm {ks=kQy dk vk;rkdkj i`"B E dh nj ls

ÅtkZ mRlftZr djrk gSA ;fn i`"B dh yEckbZ rFkk pkSM+kbZ nksuksa vkèkh dj nh tk;sa vkSj rkieku
c<+kdj 327°C dj fn;k tk;sa rks mRlftZr ÅtkZ dh nj gks tk;sxh &
3 81 9 81
(1) E (2) E (3) E (4) E
8 16 16 64

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
E  ( 400 )  8  4
4

=
E '  ( 600 )4  4  2
4
E 2
=  4
E'  3 
81
E= E
64
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.7 Two spheres of radii in the ratio 1 : 2 and densities in the ratio 2 : 1 and of same specific
heat, are heated to same temperature and left in the same surrounding. Their rate of fall in
temperature will be in the ratio :

nks xksys ftudh f=T;kvksa dks vuqikr 1 : 2 ,oa ?kuRoksa dk vuqikr 2 : 1 gSA mudh fof'k"V m"ek,¡
leku gS ,oa mUgsa leku rki rd xeZ djds leku okrkoj.k esa j[kk tkrk gSA rks rki esa ál dh nj
gksxhA
(1) 2 :1 (2) 1 : 1 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 1 : 4

Ans. 2
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
d 1 R F  r 1 2
RF =   1 = 22= = 1:1
dt r R F2 1r1 2  1
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.8 Two spherical bodies A (radius 6 cm) and B (radius 18 cm) are at temperature T1 and T2
respectively. The maximum intensity in the emission spectrum of A is at 500 nm and in
that of B is at 1500 nm. Considering them to be black bodies, what will be the ratio of the
rate of total energy radiated by A to that of B ?

nks xksyh; oLrq A ¼f=T;k 6 cm) rFkk B (f=T;k 18 cm) dk rki Øe'k% T1 rFkk T2 gSaA ÅtkZ
forj.k LiSDVªe esa A ds fy;s vfèkdre rhozrk 500 nm rFkk B ds fy, 1500 nm gSA bUgsa Ñf".kdk
ekurs gq, A rFkk B dh Å"ek àkl dh njksa dk vuqikr gksxk ?
(1) 9 (2) 6 (3) 12 (4) 3

Ans. 1
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
1
T

4 4 2 4
Q1 A1  T1  A1   2   r1    2 
=   =   =   
Q 2 A 2  T2  A 2  1   r2   1 
62 154 1
= 2  4 = 2  34 = 9
18 5 3
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.9 The power radiated by a black body is P and it radiates maximum energy around the
wavelength 0. If the temperature of the black body is now changed so that it radiates
maximum energy around wavelength 3/40, the power radiated by it will increase by a
factor of

,d Ñf".kdk ds }kjk mRlftZr 'kfDr P gS rFkk ;g 0 rjaxnSè;Z ij vfèkdre ÅtkZ fofdfjr djrh
gSA ;fn vc Ñf".kdk ds rki dks cny tk, rks vfèkdre fofdfjr ÅtkZ ds laxr rjaxnSè;Z 3/40
gSA mRlftZr ÅtkZ ds c<+us dk xq.kd gksxk :-
(1) 4/3 (2) 16/9 (3) 64/27 (4) 256/81

Ans. 4
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
 m T = constant ( From Wien 's Law )
 m1 T2
=
 m2 T1
T2  4 4
= 0 =  T2 = T1
T1 3  3 3
0
4
E = AT14
4 4
4  4 256
E' = AT24 = A  T1  = E    = E
3  3 81
E ' 256
=
E 81
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II
Q.10 Three discs A, B, and C having radii 2 m, 4 m and 6 m respectively are coated with carbon
black on their outer surfaces. The wavelengths corresponding to maximum intensity are
300 nm, 400 nm and 500 nm respectively. The power radiated by them are QA, QB and QC
respectively then
(1) QA is maximum (2) QB is maximum (3) QC is maximum (4) QA = QB = QC

rhu o`Ùkkdkj pdfr;k¡ A, B, o C ftudh f=T;k;sa Øe'k% 2m, 4m ,oa 6m gS] ds Åijh lrg ij
dkcZu CySd dk ysi p<+k gSA bu ij vkifrr fofdj.k dh egÙke rhozrk ds laxr rjaxnS/;Z Øe'k%
300 nm, 400 nm rFkk 500 nm gS ,oa buls fodfjr 'kfDr dk eku Øe'k% QA, QB rFkk QC gS rks

(1) QA egÙke (2) QB egÙke (3) QC egÙke (4) QA = QB = QC

Ans. 2
 THERMAL PHYSICS-II

Sol.
1
Q  AT 4 &  
T
A r2
So Q  4  4
 
22
QA 
300 4
42
QB 
400 4
62
QC 
500 4
QB  QC  QA