Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.

2015 Carlos Alberto

1. (𝑎) 𝑈𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑙𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎, 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖çã𝑜
(𝑡 − 2)2 + 1
𝑠(𝑡) = ln [ ].
5

𝑖. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎 à 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖çã𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙.

(0 − 2)2 + 1 4+1
𝐴 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖çã𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 é 𝑠(0) = ln [ ] = ln [ ] = ln 1 = 0
5 5
𝑄𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑠(𝑡) = 0 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡 ≠ 0. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜,

(𝑡 − 2)2 + 1 (𝑡 − 2)2 + 1
𝑠(𝑡) = 0 ⟹ ln [ ]=0⇒ = 𝑒 0 = 1 ⇒ (𝑡 − 2)2 + 1 = 5
5 5

(𝑡 − 2)2 = 4 ∴ (𝑡 − 2) = ±2 ∴ 𝑡 = 0 𝑜𝑢 𝑡 = 4.

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑚 𝑡 = 4 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎 à 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖çã𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙.

𝑖𝑖. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑟á𝑠 𝑜𝑢 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎
𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑖ã𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟á 𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡â𝑛𝑒𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑜.

5 1 2(𝑡 − 2)
𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑠 ′ (𝑡) = . . 2(𝑡 − 2) =
(𝑡 − 2)2 + 1 5 (𝑡 − 2)2 + 1

𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙) 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

(0) − − − − − − − (2) + + + + + + + + + 𝑣(𝑡)

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑣(𝑡) < 0 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑟á𝑠, 𝑜𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎, 𝑒𝑚 𝑡 ∈ (0,2).
𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜, 𝑣(𝑡) > 0 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚
𝑡 ∈ (2, +∞). 𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑡 = 2 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡í𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 − 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑚
𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡â𝑛𝑒𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑜 (𝑣(𝑡) = 0).

(𝑏)𝐴 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑦 = senh[senh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ] 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙? 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑜

𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑎, 𝑑ê 𝑠𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎çã𝑜.

𝑦 ′ = [𝑒 𝑥 . cosh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ]. cosh[senh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ]
𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 [cosh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 1] cosh[senh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ]

𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 ′ = 0. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜,

𝑒𝑥 = 0
𝑦′ = 0 ⟹ { cosh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 1 = 0 ;
𝑥) 𝑥]
cosh[senh(𝑒 − 𝑒 = 0

∗ 𝑂𝑏𝑠1 : 𝑒 𝑥 > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ. 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎çã𝑜 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢çã𝑜.

∗ 𝑂𝑏𝑠2 : cosh(𝑒 𝑥 ) > 1, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜, cosh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 1 > 0, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ. 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎
𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎çã𝑜 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢çã𝑜.
∗ 𝑂𝑏𝑠2 : cosh[senh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ] > 1, ∀𝑥 ∈ ℝ. 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎çã𝑜 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢çã𝑜.

𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑥 ∈ ℝ 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑦 ′ = 0 𝑒, 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒

Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

𝑦 = senh[senh(𝑒 𝑥 ) − 𝑒 𝑥 ] 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙.

2. (𝑎) 𝑈𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 10𝑚 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖 𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 1𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙, 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑡é 2𝑚 𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙
𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎. 𝑆𝑒 𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑎 à 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 0,4 𝑚3 ⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 , 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒
𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑛í𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑎 á𝑔𝑢𝑎, 𝑛𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒 é 𝑑𝑒 0,5𝑚
𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎.

1
𝑉 = 𝐴𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑙 × 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 = ℎ. 𝑏. 10 = 5ℎ𝑏
2

𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖â𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑎 à 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑎, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

10 𝑏
= ∴ 𝑏 = 10ℎ ⟹ 𝑉 = 50ℎ2
1 ℎ

𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑖𝑎,

𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑉 𝑑ℎ
= .
𝑑𝑡 𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ
0,4 = 100ℎ.
𝑑𝑡
𝑑ℎ 1
=
𝑑𝑡 250ℎ

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎 á𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑐𝑜𝑚 0,5𝑚 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

𝑑ℎ 1
| = 𝑚⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0,008 𝑚⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝑡 ℎ=0,5𝑚 125

𝐴 𝑡𝑎𝑥𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑛í𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑑𝑎 á𝑔𝑢𝑎 é 𝑑𝑒 0,008 𝑚⁄𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡á
0,5𝑚 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎.

sen 𝑥 , 𝑠𝑒 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋⁄2
(𝑏) 𝑆𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2 . 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(𝜋).
− 𝑥 + 2, 𝜋⁄2 < 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
𝜋
𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐 ∈ (0, 𝜋), 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0?
Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

2
𝑓(0) = sen 0 = 0 ; 𝑓(𝜋) = − 𝜋 + 2 = −2 + 2 = 0. ; 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(𝜋) = 0.
𝜋

𝑆𝑒 𝑓 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡í𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑛𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 𝑓𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜 [0, 𝜋] 𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑚 (0, 𝜋),

𝑒 𝑓(0) = 𝑓(𝜋), 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑢𝑚 𝑐 ∈ (0, 𝜋) 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒
𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0.

cos 𝑥 , 𝑠𝑒 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋⁄2

′ (𝑥)
𝑓 ={ 2
− , 𝑠𝑒 𝜋⁄2 < 𝑥 < 𝜋
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 2 𝜋
∗ 𝑂𝑏𝑠: 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⟹ cos 𝑥 = 0 ∴ 𝑥 =. 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑓+′ ( ) = − 𝑒 𝑓−′ ( ) = 0.
2 2 𝜋 2
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚, 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑛𝑡ã𝑜 𝑓 𝑛ã𝑜 é
𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 𝜋⁄2.

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑐 ∈ (0, 𝜋) 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 𝑒 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑧 𝑜 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎
𝑑𝑒 𝑅𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒, 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑓 𝑛ã𝑜 é 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣á𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑚 (0, 𝜋).

1
3. (𝑎) 𝐸𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎 𝑦 = −2 cos 𝑥 − sen(2𝑥) , 𝑐𝑜𝑚
4
0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋, 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 é 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 é 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎.

𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑜𝑢 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜,

𝑜𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎, 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒.

1
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = −2 cos 𝑥 − sen(2𝑥)
4
′ (𝑥)
1
𝑓 = 2 sen 𝑥 − cos(2𝑥)
2
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 2 cos 𝑥 + sen(2𝑥)

𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) = −2 sen 𝑥 + 2 cos(2𝑥) ; cos(2𝑥) = 1 − 2 sen2 𝑥 ;

𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) = −4 sen2 𝑥 − 2 sen 𝑥 + 2

∆= 4 + 32 = 36

2±6 1
sen 𝑥 = ∴ sen 𝑥1 = −1 𝑜𝑢 sen 𝑥2 =
−8 2
3𝜋
∗ sen 𝑥1 = −1 ∴ 𝑥1 = ;
2
1 𝜋 5𝜋
∗ sen 𝑥2 = ∴ 𝑥2 = 𝑒 𝑥2 =
2 6 6

𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓 ′′′ (𝑥) 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑐í𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚é𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑥𝑜, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒

𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) é 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 (0, 𝜋⁄6) ∪ (5𝜋⁄6 , 2𝜋) 𝑒

𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) é 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 (𝜋⁄6 , 5𝜋⁄6)

3𝜋
𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 = é 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜, 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑡á 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎
2
′′ (𝑥).
𝑛𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝐸𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒
𝜋 5𝜋
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜
6 6
𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙.

𝜋 5𝜋
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 é 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 é
6 6
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎.

(𝑏) 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑎𝑧 à𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖çõ𝑒𝑠: 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) < 0,

𝑓 ′ (0) = 2 𝑒 𝑓(0) = 1. 𝑀𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑒𝑚 [−1,1].

𝑆𝑒𝑗𝑎 ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 2𝑥 − 1. 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ(𝑥) ≤ 0 𝑒𝑚 [−1,1]

ℎ(−1) = 𝑓(−1) + 1 𝑒 ℎ(1) = 𝑓(1) − 3.

′ (𝑥) ′ (𝑥)
ℎ =𝑓 −2
ℎ′′ (𝑥) = 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) < 0

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 ℎ′′ (𝑥) < 0 𝑒𝑚 (−1,1) 𝑒𝑛𝑡ã𝑜, ℎ′ (𝑥) é 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 (−1,1). 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜,
ℎ′ (0) = 𝑓 ′ (0) − 2 = 2 − 2 = 0. 𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 ℎ′ (𝑥) é 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑡ã𝑜, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 > 0,
ℎ′ (𝑥) < 0 𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 < 0, ℎ′ (𝑥) > 0. 𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜, 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 ℎ(𝑥) é
𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 (−1,0) 𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 (0,1), 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 = 0 é 𝑢𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜
𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙, 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎.

ℎ(0) = 𝑓(0) − 2.0 − 1 = 1 − 0 − 1 = 0.

Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 ℎ(0) = 0 é 𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 ℎ(𝑥), 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠, 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒
𝑑𝑒 ℎ′ (𝑥) 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 ℎ(−1) < ℎ(0) 𝑒 ℎ(0) > ℎ(1), 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑜
𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜 𝑓𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑜 [−1,1], ℎ(𝑥) ≤ ℎ(0) ⟹ ℎ(𝑥) ≤ 0. 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜,

𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 2𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑚 [−1,1]

4. (𝑎) 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠, 𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑒 𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 (𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒

𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠) 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 1⁄3 + 𝑥 4⁄3 . 𝐷(𝑓) = ℝ

𝑈𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓 é 𝑢𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑢

𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 𝑜𝑢 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒.

1 43 1 + 4𝑥
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3 + √𝑥 = 3 2 𝐷(𝑓′) = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑥 ≠ 0}
3√𝑥 2 3 3 √𝑥

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0 ⇒ 1 + 4𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = − 𝑒 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) ∄ 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 = 0.
4
1
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑥 = − 𝑒 𝑥 = 0 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓, 𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑠 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠
4
𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓(𝑥).

1 33 1
𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠: (0,0) 𝑒 (− , − √ )
4 4 4
𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

1
− − − − − − (− ) + + + (0) + + + + + + + + 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
4

1 33 1
𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎, 𝑓 (− ) = − √ é 𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒
4 4 4
𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑚 é 𝑑𝑒 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑚 𝑑𝑒
𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙.

𝑥 𝜋
(𝑏) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒 lim𝜋 [ − ] ; 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎çã𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 "∞ − ∞"
𝑥→ cotg 𝑥 2. cos 𝑥
2

𝑥 𝜋 2𝑥. cos 𝑥 − 𝜋 cotg 𝑥 0

lim𝜋 [ − ] = lim𝜋 [ ] ; 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎çã𝑜 𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑜 " "
𝑥→ cotg 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥 𝑥→ 2 cos 𝑥 . cotg 𝑥 0
2 2

∗ cos 𝑥 = cotg 𝑥 . sen 𝑥

2𝑥. cos 𝑥 − 𝜋 cotg 𝑥 2𝑥. cotg 𝑥 sen 𝑥 − 𝜋 cotg 𝑥 2𝑥. sen 𝑥 − 𝜋

lim𝜋 [ ] = lim𝜋 [ ] = lim𝜋 [ ];
𝑥→ 2 cos 𝑥 . cotg 𝑥 𝑥→ 2 cos 𝑥 . cotg 𝑥 𝑥→ 2 cos 𝑥
2 2 2

𝐴𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐿′ 𝐻ô𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠:

Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

2𝑥. sen 𝑥 − 𝜋 2 sen 𝑥 + 2𝑥. cos 𝑥

lim𝜋 [ ] = lim𝜋 [ ] = lim𝜋[−1 + 𝑥. cotg 𝑥] =
𝑥→ 2 cos 𝑥 𝑥→ −2. sen 𝑥 𝑥→
2 2 2

lim −1 + lim𝜋 𝑥. cotg 𝑥 = −1 + 0 = −1.

𝜋
𝑥→ 𝑥→
2 2

𝑥 𝜋
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, lim𝜋 [ − ] = −1.
𝑥→ cotg 𝑥 2 cos 𝑥
2

8
5. (𝑎)𝑆𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 1 − 𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓(2) = 5. 𝐷𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠
𝑥3
ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑠, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑓, 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚.

4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + + 𝐶 ; 𝑓(2) = 5 = 2 + 1 + 𝐶 ∴ 𝐶 = 2
𝑥2

4 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + + 2 = ; 𝐷(𝑓) = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑥 ≠ 0}
𝑥2 𝑥2

𝐴𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠:

𝐷𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠:
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = ±∞ 𝑜𝑢 lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = ±∞
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

𝑃𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖çã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑛𝑜 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠

𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓 é 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡í𝑛𝑢𝑎. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜, 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒
𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = 0 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎.
4
↑
⏞
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ = +∞
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 ⏟2
𝑥
↓
0+
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = 0 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).

𝐴𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑠:

𝐷𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 𝐿 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑢 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿 𝑜𝑢

𝑥→+∞
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿.
𝑥→−∞

4
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2 + 2 )
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = lim 𝑥 = lim (𝑥 + 2 + 4) = +∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
4
𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 4 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 2 + 2 )
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim = lim 𝑥 = lim (𝑥 + 2 + 4) = −∞
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 2 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥
Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑛ã𝑜 ℎá 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).

𝐴𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑂𝑏𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑠:

𝐷𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑎 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜

𝑓(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒, 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑒, lim [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)] = 0
𝑥→±∞
4 4
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2) + ; 𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 2) =
𝑥2 𝑥2
4
lim [𝑓(𝑥) − (𝑥 + 2)] = lim =0
𝑥→±∞ 𝑥→±∞ 𝑥 2

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑏𝑙í𝑞𝑢𝑎 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).

𝐴𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓(𝑥): 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑥 = 0 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2.

𝑥
(𝑏) 𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑐𝑒 𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟
−4 𝑥2
−𝑂𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜;
−𝑂𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠;
−𝐴𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠, 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑚;
−𝑂𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 é 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎 𝑜𝑢 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑖𝑥𝑜;
−𝑂𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥ã𝑜.

1) 𝐷(𝑓) = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ; 𝑥 ≠ −2 𝑒 𝑥 ≠ 2};

2) 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒çõ𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑖𝑥𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠: (0,0)

−𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥2 + 4 2𝑥(𝑥 2 + 12)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = = − ; 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 − 4)2 (𝑥 2 − 4)2 (𝑥 2 − 4)3

3) 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜;

− − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − (−𝑥 2 − 4)
+ + + + (−2) + + + + + (2) + + + + + (𝑥 2 − 4)2
− − − − (−2) − − − − − (2) − − − − − 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)

𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓 é 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜.

4) 𝑂𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠;

𝑂𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑟í𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎

𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜.
𝑈𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓 é 𝑢𝑚 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑐 𝑛𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓 𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑢
𝑓 ′ (𝑐) = 0 𝑜𝑢 𝑓 ′ (𝑐) ∄.

𝐴𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = −2 𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = 2, 𝑚𝑎𝑠

Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑛ú𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜. 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑛ã𝑜 ℎá 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠

𝑑𝑒 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝑓(𝑥).

5)𝐴𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠:

∗ 𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠:

𝐷𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠

𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠:
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = ±∞ 𝑜𝑢 lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = ±∞
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜,

𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑥 = −2 𝑒 𝑥 = 2 𝑠ã𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑠.
−2
↑
𝑥 ⏞𝑥
lim + 𝑓(𝑥) = lim + = lim + = +∞
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→−2 ⏟ (𝑥 − 2) ⏟
(𝑥 + 2)
↓ ↓
−4 0+
−2
↑
𝑥 ⏞𝑥
lim − 𝑓(𝑥) = lim − = lim − = −∞
𝑥→−2 𝑥→−2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→−2 ⏟ (𝑥 − 2) ⏟
(𝑥 + 2)
↓ ↓
−4 0−
𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = −2 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).
2
↑
𝑥 ⏞𝑥
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ = lim = +∞
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→2+ ⏟
(𝑥 − 2) ⏟
(𝑥 + 2)
↓ ↓
0+ 4
2
↑
𝑥 ⏞𝑥
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = lim− = lim = −∞
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥 2 − 4 𝑥→2− (𝑥
⏟ − 2) (𝑥
⏟ + 2)
↓ ↓
0− 4

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑥 = 2 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).

∗ 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙:

𝐷𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 𝐿 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑢 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿

𝑥→+∞
𝑜𝑢 lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→+∞

1 1 1
𝑥 𝑥 2 (𝑥 ) lim 𝑥
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2 = lim = lim 𝑥 = 𝑥→+∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 − 4 𝑥→+∞ 2 4 𝑥→+∞ 4 4
𝑥 (1 − 2 ) 1− 2 lim 1 − lim 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞
Reavaliação da 2ª média de Cálculo 1 28.11.2015 Carlos Alberto

0
= =0
1−0

1 1 1
𝑥 𝑥 2 (𝑥) lim
𝑥 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim 2 = lim = lim =
𝑥→−∞ 𝑥→−∞ 𝑥 − 4 𝑥→−∞ 2 4 𝑥→−∞ 4 4
𝑥 (1 − 2 ) 1− 2 lim 1 − lim 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞
0
= =0
1−0

𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 0 é 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠í𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓(𝑥).

6) 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥ã𝑜:

2𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 12)
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 − 4)3
− − − − − − −(0) + + + + + + + + (2𝑥)
++++++++++++++++ (𝑥 2 + 12)
+ + +(−2) − − − − − (2) + + + + + (𝑥 2 − 4)3
− − −(−2) + +(0) − −(2) + + + + 𝑓 ′′ (𝑥)

𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑎𝑛á𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒

𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖 𝐶. 𝑉. 𝐶 𝑒𝑚 (−2,0) ∪ (2, +∞) ; 𝐶. 𝑉. 𝐶 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐶𝑖𝑚𝑎

𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖 𝐶. 𝑉. 𝐵 𝑒𝑚 (−∞, −2) ∪ (0,2) ; 𝐶. 𝑉. 𝐵 − 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐵𝑎𝑖𝑥𝑜

∗ 𝐸𝑚 𝑥 = 0 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑛ç𝑎 𝑛𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒çã𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑒, 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, (0,0) é 𝑢𝑚

𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥ã𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛çã𝑜 𝑓. 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑥 = −2 𝑒 𝑥 = 2 𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑛ç𝑎 𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒çã𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒, 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑛ã𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓. 𝐿𝑜𝑔𝑜, (0,0) é
𝑜 ú𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥ã𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑓.

7) 𝐸𝑠𝑏𝑜ç𝑜 𝑔𝑟á𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜: