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DATA STRUCTURES AND

ALGORITHM
(DATALGO)

Lesson 2:
Expressions and Declaring & Intializing Variables

Lecturer:
Ms. Jochelle P. Plazo

ACCESS COMPUTER COLLEGE

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TOPIC

1. Expressions
2. Declaring & Initializing Variables
3. Allocating Memory
4. Assigment Statement
5. Input and Output Statement
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Topic 1: Expressions

• If all operands are integers

- Expression is called an integral expression
- Yields an integral result
- Example: 2 + 3 * 5

• If all operands are floating-point

- Expressions is called a floating point
expressions
- Yields a floating point result
- Example: 12.8 * 17.5 – 34.50
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Topic 1: Mixed Expressions
• Mixed Expressions:
- Has operands of different data types
- Contains integers and floating point

Examples:
2 + 3.5
6 / 4 + 3.9
5.4 * 2 – 13.6 + 18 / 2
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Topic 2: Declaring & Initializing Variables

• Variables can be initialized when

declared:
int first =13, second = 10;
char ch=‘ ‘;
double x = 12.6;
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Topic 3: Allocating Memory with Constants and Variables

• Variable: memory location whose content may

change during execution
• The syntax to declare a named constant is:
dataType identifier, identifier, . . . . ;

Example:
Consider the following statements:

double amountDue;
int counter;
char ch;
int x,y;
String name;
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Topic 3: Allocating Memory with Constants and Variables

• Named constant: memory locating whose content

can’t change during execution
• The syntax to declare a named constant is :
const dataType identifier = value;
• In C++, const is a reserved word.

Example:
Consider the following C++ statements:
const double CONVERSION = 2.54;
const int NO_OF_STUDENTS = 2.0;
const char BLANK = ‘ ‘;
const double PAY_RATE = 15.75;
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Topic 4: Assignment Statement
Example 1:
int num1,num2;
• The assignment statement takes the double sale;
char first;
form: string str;
variable = expression; num1 =4;
num2 =4*5-11;
sale – 0.02 * 1000;
first = ‘D’;
• Expression is evaluated and its value is str = “ It is a sunny
assigned to the variable on the left side day.”;

• In C++, = is called assignment operator Example 2:

num1 = 18;
num1 = num1 + 27;
num2 = num1;
num3 = num2 / 5;
num3 = num3 / 4;
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Topic 4: Saving and Using the Value of an Expression

• To save the value of an expression:

Declare a variable of the appropriate data
type
Assign the value of the expressions to the
variable that was declared
• Whenever the value of the expressions is
needed, use the variable holding the
value
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Topic 5: Input (Read) Statement

✔ cin is used with >> to gather input

cin >> variable >> variable
• The Stream extraction operation is
>>cin >>miles;
- Causes computer to get a value of type
double
- Places it in the variable miles
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Topic 5: Increment & Decrement Operators
• Increment operator: Increment variable by 1
Pre-increment: ++variable
Post-increment: variable++
• Decrement operator: decrement variable by 1
Pre-decrement: --variable
Post-decrement: variable--
• What is the difference between the following?
x = 5; x = 5;
y= ++x y = x++
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Topic 2: Output cout<<29/4<<endl;
cout<<“Hello there.”<<endl;
• The syntax of cout and << is:
cout<<12<<endl;
cout<< expression or manipulator << expression or
manipulator ….; Output:
7
Calles an output statement Hello there
12
• The stream insertion operator is <<
• Expression evaluated and its value is printed at the cout << “Hello there.”;
current cursor position on the screen cout << “My name is James.”;
• A manipulator is used to format the output
Output:
Example: endl causes insertion point to move to Hello there. My name is James.
beginning of nextline
cout << “Hello there.\n”;
• The new line character is ‘\n’ cout << “My name is James.”;
- May appear anywhere in the string
Output:
Hello there.
My name is James.
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Topic 1:Reserved Codes

\n newline
\t Tab
\b Backspace
\r Return
\\ Backslash
\’ Single Quotation
\” Double Quotation
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Topic 6: Preprocessor Directives

• Syntax to include a header file:

#include <headerFileName>

Example:
#include <iostream>
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Topic 6: Preprocessor Directives
• To use the string type, you
• Syntax to include a header file: need to access its definition
#include <headerFileName> from the header file string
#include <string>
Example:
#include <iostream>
• C++ program has two parts
• Cin and cout are declared in the header file - Preprocessor directives
iostream, but within stdnamespace. - The Program

#include <iostream>
Using namespace std;
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Topic 6: Creating a C++ Program
• A C++ program is a collection of functions, one
of which is the function main
int main()

• The statements enclosed between the curly

braces ({ and }) form the body of the function
- Declaration statements
- Executable statements
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Topic 6: Try this Activity
Copy and try this sample on your own computers.
#include <iostream> //Line 1
using namespace std; //Line 2
const int NUMBER=12; //Line 3
Int main() //Line 4
{ //Line 5
int firstnum; //Line 6
int secondNum; //Line 7
firstNum=18; //Line 8
cout<<“Line 9: firstNum=“<<firstNum<<endl; //Line 9 Sample Run:
cout<<Line 10: Enter an integer: “; //Line 10
Line 9: firstNum = 18
cin>>secondNum; //Line 11
Line 10: Enter an integer: 15
cout<<endl; //Line 12
cout<<Line 13: secondNum=“<<secondNum<<endl; //Line 13
firstNum=firstNum+NUMBER+2 * secondNum; //Line 14 Line 13: secondNum = 15
cout<<Line 15: The new value of “<< “firstNum=”<<firstNum<<endl; //Line 15 Line 15: The new value of firstNum=60
Return 0; //Line 16
} //Line 17
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Reference
• www.slideshare.net/vigneras/data-structures-and-algo
rithms
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Next Session

1. Documentation
2. Arguments and Parameters
3. Function
4. Function Prototypes

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