13 Genetis

M HaH0 (Mendelian Inheritance)

ot Blending lnheritence' È g À.

* (Gene) a 3TH HPR Theory of Blending Inheritance' s¥i Hefi.

het a Experiments in Plant Hy bridization' aÀ gaNÍA à

HfIaEYTd 'Annual Proceedings of Natural History Society in 1866

3GT.:
 377UT3IYI

Inheritance)

aa (Genetics) : aHII, 3A4afAl At

1.
fafayAI (Heredity,
agatraa(Heredetory) : Th|a Inheritance & Variation) 4f
2.
afaut (Variation) :
3.
4. TUTH(Character)

a
5. e (Trait) :

6 iii(Allele) : JI

1. aigrerei (Homozygous)

gUdd. 341. :34Ì IA faRTSIIH - Tt

0. gHt qUIi a I t qui (Dominant
Characters & Recessive Character) : R HE TUYatt

R AAI Ati sll (small letter) tadd.

Sq. :

31.:Tt -3
TT -I
 . f ve'

TTe TUrr (Dominant)

10.
(Rec es ive)
A-tegu a ategu (phenotype &

T T
TTTITT
HSTA afre AeH (Mendel's Laws of Inheritance) :
Tt|Tt
Dominant
Character Trait X Recessive
Trait
Flower color

OPurple X
White

(Hybridization) s fdH ida UTT TUH

344dSeed colo Yellow X
Green
3ASTAT0T, Ta TH0-3HT0 TULi qeUra 344AIA.Seed shape Round X
Wrinkled

(Sperm) 3TfUT ftaai 30s4sft (Dvum) 74R aT Pod color Green Yellow
3q1. yEGIi c5 4stt = 44 + XY

22 + X
Pod shape Inflated X Constricted
22 + Y

Axial Terminal
position
1|22 + X
A YIHH HCHt 4aB.
yrUI - 2| 22 + YT T YIHG
HOTTI Hasi.
3941a fafay TugH IHset
GeUri Y1alrStem length Tall
K

qaATA TUuit qatabrll Dwarf

(Monohybrid Cross)
104
}dS: st.

Parentai
Gereration
31140T

yd X 3TH
T t fhl t tt F1 Generatiorn
(EUT HRaa)
Genotype
Phenotype
Gaetes

F2 Generation

Genotype TTTttt 1:21

PhenotyIpe Tall :Dwarf 31
zet fu-1 (F,-Generation) Egà tà. TT
(Ta) fat)

3T4 EUTId.
frn 1: Tyatfre (Law of
Dominance)
ces (Factors) A3HATA.
fafra (Dissimilar Factor) 3A4AHI
Note AsA Itel e (Factor) YZ THTe T6a ATrái geAK Tyr TA.
:
y gi 6(Gene) 41 ACAA.
frua 2: farti frun (Law of
Segregation)

F,GH5

1 2 3
a. co 1 q 3Ua 31 GHt f9§ (F) TI RZA.
C.

d. tYc6i 2 a 4 VeHA 3II qHt fYÀI (F,) tt TaR SA.

i.e.
Monohybrid Phenotypic ratio : 3 Tall:1 Dwarf

141TTH AÊ (tt)3 .ie.TT:It: tt =1:2:1

105
 For UPsC& PSC
a4 queHt yafar 3aydt (Dihybrid Cross) :
RR= Round seed
Rr = Round seed
IT = WIrinkied seed
Yy =YY=YelYelllooww sesases
yy =
Green seed
Note f
: Ifauies Gor g T aIKT AT.

RRYY
Iryy

(RY)
1 fha 2 4
a. 1a 3 yha 31t at RrYy YK aIscT. b. 1 a4 V7 HI t RrYy TT aIs.
C. 2 4 3 yeha 3Te t RrYy YK aST. d. 2 4 y6a 31C RrYy AK alsT.
atti a, b, c, d F, fY gUIGI ST.

RrYy x RrYy

RY,Ry, ry, ry Ry, Ry, ry, ry Dihybrid phenotypicratio

= 9 Round Yellow:3 Round Green
Green = 9:3:3:1 :3Wrinkled Yellow:1Wrinkled

Seed Shape
Seed Color
Dihybrid genotypicratio R= round) r= wrinkled Y = yellow y = green
RRYY =1 RRYy =2 RrYY = 2
Cross Fertilization
RrYy =4 RRyy =l Rryy =2 Fusion of gametes from
Parental Generation
different individuals of
rrYY=1 rrYy = 2 ITyy = 1 the same species
X F1 Generation
Round
Yellow Wrinkled Round
Green Yellow
(RRYY) (rryy) (RrYy)
Self Fertilization
f. Fusion of gametes from the same
individual
F2 Generation
Round Yellow
(RrYy)
(Law of Independent Assortment) RY Ry rY ry
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY
RrYy
Phenotyplc Ratio
Ry RRYy RRyy| RrYy Rryy Round/Yeilow: 9
Round
Yellow Wrinkled/Yeilow: 3
(RrYy)
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY Round/Green: 3
rrYy
Wrinkied/Green: 1
RrYy
ry Rryy rrYy rryy
106

urforgrrs
 (Non mendellion Inheritance) .f

1. i sya
Hqof (Incomplete
dominance)
ui f4 (law of
i. TT dominance) I~0I Generation

Red
RR White

THrd (Incomplete dominance) Generation

3qI : z0N VÍa
G9 (4 O' Clock Plant) (Antirrhinum sp.) AtfU
furáreftH

2. Ha- Y (co-dominance)

a.

RED
RR WHITE
RR

1^, +1", i

ROAN
RR

Genotype Phenotype
3HHtt TR E0 YTa (Dominance) IGddd a AB TGE uju_(orli) Type A

allelism' 344 -EUIG. Type B

3RA YH 'multiple allelism' giuIÊrTI
ArI qGTGISTE
ii
Type o
3. vftsitzii (pleiotropy)
4

Type AB

4. AcAr TurA (Polygenic Characters)

107
 Dominant (iene) a
(Recessive C
Characer
Genc) 3 guratd.

AnlshCa

ABC

, fir se.
HHfi raan m E I fH ATR (Pair of 3 ABo
ABCAABCOstBCoAABBCC AB AaBUCe AsERer
Genes) f4a he ATATA. rHI Aa, Bb, Cc 3ft Ard Abo
AACoAAbbCs ARBICEAABIAAAbbocAAbbCeABte

AnBrCoAbCCsnBiCOAsbbeaAabbCc|catbiCC
AnBBCOAnBBCcIc AnB8o Aafboc

15

3q|.: i) AA BB CC (Hda yHt) ’ Hqut 15|

i) aa bb cc (Heda 3THTf) ’ Hyuj yi
ii) Aa Bb Cc (34 yHr)
(Albíno)

gayitatra Urgira feGia (Chromosomal Theory of

Inheritance)

fuaia :

qmcs frff (gamete formation) ad

3A4AIHI TUrYari TdafI fam aà (Segregate & s

108
qUT{a (Chromosome)
(Eukaryotic cell) "ga DNA, fL4 (tr *f14

0.2 À 2 H4h14fa 344à.

gureait HAI (Number of chromosome)

TUHETt uHT (Structure of Chromosome) :

) afe yft (Somatic Cell) : Y[Td jUTYA 23 G HATA, 1ia 4t# ftA 1

i) Hyft/eF dyt (Germ Cell) : YAA Ugu 23 Tu HUAIA. 1- t, sf1 (<ianrests )

3e1.: yqifta yhu ft (Sperm) 3Tf farinsftr Asrsfi (Ovum)
23

lqaId FgUH Hf UHa (Sex Chromosome) TaufATt.

O fes qUrga (Sex Chromosome)

3a.:
yHAA (Zygote)
22+X + 22+X-’ 44+XX
(X-Sperm)
22+Y + 22+X’ 44+XY
(Y-Sperm)

lles, aHTaI f TUTHa HHàT 34HYIHO U0HI ETHteTH TUrHA (1lomologous Chromosomes) (#i1
FRU HG) ZUJAIA. i.e. XX.
FR Ha :
1. qf1, l¥i

109
 apoid
n perrm
dploid
female
bees
fertilzabon
diplold
female
bee
eggs
xY Us diploid
fermale
bee
lertilzation
no haplold
male
bees
zw meiosis
ZW
XX
XX HHGIG.
Mult-locus
polygonc
zw HH(2n=32 32
ZZ
XY
XX
HG|T gus
zz
gU
T! XY
zz
t
si_salà
3744.
(Meiosis)
Single-locus
polygenko XX
XW
wY
ai aN.
yTqufty type
o+ Hei
haplo-diploid
3T4d1G faHTGH 4q
Female
heterogametic
3UYTHISt
yterft
bT! ZW
fil
juHa) nurgt
-
heterogemetic XX
Gd (n=16 Bee)
HoAI
A
Male F1
XY
ataurft Honey
Something
Interesting
: HyHsf
HHIi^s
YI
viridis (Male
fe
MSC
rsta
Pe
HaY4àalard.
Bonellia 4UHTft
2.
4T4T9Íf
TÍA JR z0H
1.
110
 3413A.
(22+XY)
yg
3HT3T.
(22+XX) 111
y
fih
39T
fr23
24
319f
Y
X,u5
t
X
: y Genes)
gUIT.
(Sex-Linked
experiments) Sl,y Inheritence):
3f0
3HIG.
yulT
SAI
Morgan's :
Blindness)
YGdI
TUHAlA (Sex-linked :(X-1inked)
Disorder)
(Genetic
22
0
(Thomas UgUT
22 ajut
(Colour
yaH
UFUT 344atrchdlf-GS
T
a
g i)
fAAcfT-H
:
34T
1TTA
314 fAi
HHt X-quA-T0S
a)
yu Mei§yut
X-linked
TXA.THf
ä-s
3gifr
i)
1)
 iv)HR RGt (Mascular Dystrophy) : ¿I AEH Hda f4a tdi. HaI 34TGTYUI

b) Y-urga-s T(Y-linked disorders) :

2) 3 aaR (Mendelian disorders) :
) (Thalassemia) :
faHreisH H yR 4S1d. faTCIT A& B sa B 3A4AIA.

3) Turga faat (Chromosomal disorders) :

i) 344 i_IH :

ii) zÂfAsH (Turner Syndrome) :

a EUTuasi Hi X UGA. Ylg fem Tyrya 4HHT gUATA. Le. 44+ X0 (4).

i) faaeCA fASTH (Klinfelter's Syndrome) :

d Uj 47 Ua (44 + XXY) 344GTd.

(Hormones) $ f A.
TUAT HI HH (Hypoploidy):

TUAi AHGA (Hyperploidy):

3a1: 414t qffa 46 tai 47 TUa A4.
112 urforgs
ras : st.

(SP Minus Syndrome) TAK aut (Partial

of short arm of
deletion
chromosome 5)
aro-fa-yaíf farH
TUrHateqft (4P Syndrome)
3ejaea Wd (1lq terminal
delation disorder)