Astm A105-A105m 2010

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Endorsed by

Designation: A105/A105M – 10 Manufacturers Standardization Society


of the Valve and Fittings Industry
Used in USDOE-NE Standards

Standard Specification for


Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A105/A105M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system


1.1 This specification2 covers forged carbon steel piping shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
components for ambient- and higher-temperature service in from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and standard.
similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified by the NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has
purchaser or to dimensional standards such as the MSS, been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
ASME, and API specifications referenced in Section 2. Forg- diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.”
ings made to this specification are limited to a maximum
2. Referenced Documents
weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. Larger forgings may be ordered
to Specification A266/A266M. Tubesheets and hollow cylin- 2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in
drical forgings for pressure vessel shells are not included Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
within the scope of this specification. Although this specifica- apply to this specification:
tion covers some piping components machined from rolled bar 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
and seamless tubular products (see 4.2), it does not cover raw A266/A266M Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for
material produced in these product forms. Pressure Vessel Components
1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply of Steel Products
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order. A675/A675M Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-

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1.3 Specification A266/A266M covers other steel forgings Wrought, Special Quality, Mechanical Properties
and Specifications A675/A675M and A696 cover other steel A696 Specification for Steel Bars, Carbon, Hot-Wrought or
bars. Cold-Finished, Special Quality, for Pressure Piping Com-
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units ponents
and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
“M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be quirements
furnished to inch-pound units. A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for Piping
be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each Applications
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system 2.3 MSS Standards:
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values SP 44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges4
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the 2.4 ASME Standards:
standard. B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Flanged Fittings5
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the B16.9 Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings5
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each

3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting the ASTM website.
4
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
approved in 1926. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A105/A105M–09. hq.com.
5
DOI: 10.1520/A0105_A0105M-10. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
cation SA-105 in Section II of that Code. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.


Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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A105/A105M – 10
B16.10 Face-to-Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Fer- TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
rous Valves5 NOTE—For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specified carbon
B16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Weld, and Threaded5 maximum (0.35 %), an increase of 0.06 % manganese above the specified
B16.34 Valves-Flanged, Threaded and Welding End5 maximum (1.05 %) will be permitted up to a maximum of 1.35 %.
B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges5 Element Composition, %
2.5 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Carbon 0.35 max
Section IX Welding Qualifications5 Manganese 0.60–1.05
2.6 API Standards: Phosphorus 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.040 max
API-600 Flanged and Butt-Welding-End Steel Gate Valves6 Silicon 0.10–0.35
API-602 Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves for Copper 0.40 maxA
Refinery Use6 Nickel 0.40 maxA
Chromium 0.30 maxA,B
Molybdenum 0.12 maxA,B
3. Ordering Information Vanadium 0.08 max
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3.1 See Specification A961/A961M. A


The sum of copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium shall not
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 12.2). exceed 1.00 %.
B
The sum of chromium and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.32 %.
4. General Requirements
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to 6.2 Steels to which lead has been added shall not be used.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase 7. Mechanical Properties

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order. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specification 7.1 The material shall conform to the mechanical property
A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with this specifica- requirements prescribed in Table 2 and Table 3.
tion. In case of a conflict between the requirements of this 7.2 For normalized, normalized and tempered, or quenched
specification and Specification A961/A961M, this specification and tempered forgings, the central axis of the test specimen
shall prevail. shall correspond to the 1⁄4 T plane or deeper position, where T
4.2 Except as permitted by Section 6 in Specification is the maximum heat-treated thickness of the represented
A961/A961M, the finished product shall be a forging as forging. In addition, for quenched and tempered forgings, the
defined in the Terminology Section of Specification A788/ midlength of the test specimen shall be at least T from any
A788M. second heat-treated surface. When section thickness does not
permit this positioning, the test specimen shall be positioned as
5. Heat Treatment near as possible to the prescribed location.
5.1 Heat treatment is not a mandatory requirement of this 7.3 Tension Tests:
specification except for the following piping components: 7.3.1 One tension test shall be made for each heat of
5.1.1 Flanges above Class 300,7 as-forged components.
5.1.2 Flanges of special design where the design pressure at 7.3.2 One tension test shall be made from each heat-treating
the design temperature exceeds the pressure-temperature rat- charge. If more than one heat is included in such a charge, each
ings of Class 300, Group 1.1, heat shall be tested.
5.1.3 Flanges of special design where the design pressure or 7.3.2.1 When the heat-treating temperatures are the same
design temperature are not known, and the furnaces (either batch or continuous type), are con-
5.1.4 Piping components other than flanges which meet trolled within 625 °F [614 °C] and equipped with recording
both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS 4 and (2) above pyrometers so that complete records of heat treatment are
Class 300, and available, then one tension test from each heat is required
5.1.5 Piping components of Special Class8 other than
flanges which meet both of the following criteria: (1) over NPS TABLE 2 Mechanical RequirementsA
4 and (2) when the working pressure at the operating tempera- Tensile strength, min, psi [MPa] 70 000 [485]
ture exceeds the tabulated values for Special Class 300, Group Yield strength, min, psi [MPa]B 36 000 [250]
1.1. Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, %:
Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm] 30
5.2 Heat treatment, when required by 5.1 shall be annealing, and over in thickness, strip tests.
normalizing, or normalizing and tempering or quenching and When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length or 22
smaller proportionally sized specimen with the gage
tempering in accordance with Specification A961/A961M. length equal to 4D is used
For strip tests, a deduction for each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] 1.50C
6. Chemical Composition decrease in wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. [7.9 mm]
from the basic minimum elongation
6.1 The steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of the percentage points of Table 3
specified in Table 1. Reduction of area, min, %D 30
Hardness, HB, max 187
A
For small forgings, see 7.3.4.
6
Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash- B
Determined by either the 0.2 % offset method or the 0.5 % extension-under-
ington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org. load method.
7 C
For definition of Class 300, see ASME B16.5. See Table 3 for computed minimum values.
8 D
For definition of special class, see ASME B16.34. For round specimens only.

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A105/A105M – 10

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TABLE 3 Computed Minimum Values continuous run as defined in 7.3.2.1 to ensure that forgings are
Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 within the hardness limits given in Table 2. When only one
in. mm mm, min, % forging is produced, it shall be hardness tested in two locations

5 16 (0.312) 7.9 30.00 to ensure it is within the hardness limits given in Table 2.
9⁄32 (0.281) 7.1 28.50 7.4.3 Testing shall be in accordance with Test Methods and
1⁄ 4 (0.250) 6.4 27.00
7⁄32
Definitions A370. The purchaser may verify that the require-
(0.219) 5.6 25.50
3⁄16 (0.188) 4.8 24.00 ment has been met by testing at any location on the forging,
5⁄32 (0.156) 4.0 22.50 provided such testing does not render the forging useless.
1⁄ 8 (0.125) 3.2 21.00
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.4 19.50
1⁄16 (0.062) 1.6 18.00
8. Hydrostatic Tests
Note—The above table gives the computed minimum elongation values for
8.1 Such tests shall be conducted by the forging manufac-
each 1⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies turer only when Supplementary Requirement S57 in Specifi-
between two values shown above, the minimum elongation value is determined by cation A961/A961M is specified.
the following equation:
E 5 48T 1 15.00 9. Retreatment
where: 9.1 If the results of the mechanical tests do not conform to
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and the requirement specified, the manufacturer may heat treat or
T = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm]. reheat treat the forgings as applicable and repeat the test
specified in Section 7.

10. Repair by Welding


instead of one test from each heat in each heat-treatment 10.1 Repair of defects by the manufacturer is permissible
charge. The test specimen material shall be included with a for forgings made to dimensional standards such as those of
furnace charge. ASME or for other parts made for stock by the manufacturer.
7.3.3 Testing shall be performed in accordance with Test Prior approval of the purchaser is required to repair-weld
Methods and Definitions A370. The largest feasible round special forgings made to the purchaser’s requirements.
specimen as described in Test Methods and Definitions A370 10.2 Weld repairs shall be made by a process that does not
shall be used except when hollow cylindrically shaped parts are produce undesirably high levels of hydrogen in the welded
machined from seamless tubulars. The gage length for mea- areas.
suring elongation shall be four times the diameter of the test 10.3 All forgings repaired by welding shall be post-weld
section. When hollow cylindrically shaped parts are machined heat treated between 1100 °F [593 °C] and the lower transfor-
from seamless tubular materials, strip tests may be used. mation temperature for a minimum of 1⁄2 h/in. [1⁄2 h/25.4 mm]
7.3.4 Forgings too small to permit obtaining a subsize of maximum section thickness, or alternatively annealed,
specimen of 0.250 in. [6.35 mm] diameter or larger (see Test normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered. If the
Methods and Definitions A370) parallel to the dimension of forging was not previously heat treated, the original tempering
maximum working, and produced in equipment unsuitable for temperature was exceeded, or the forging was fully heat treated
the production of a separately forged test bar such as an in the post weld cycle, then the forging shall be tested in
automatic or semi-automatic press, may be accepted on the accordance with Section 7 on completion of the cycle.
basis of hardness only. One percent of the forgings per lot (see 10.4 The mechanical properties of the procedure-
Note 2), or ten forgings, whichever is the lesser number, shall qualification weldment shall, when tested in accordance with
be selected at random, prepared, and tested using the standard Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Brinell test in Test Methods and Definitions A370. The conform with the requirements listed in Table 2 for the thermal
locations of the indentations shall be at the option of the condition of repair-welded forgings.
manufacturer but shall be selected to be representative of the
forging as a whole. One indentation per forging shall be 11. Rejection and Rehearing
required but additional indentations may be made to establish
11.1 Each forging that develops injurious defects during
the representative hardness. The hardness of all forgings so
shop working or application shall be rejected and the manu-
tested shall be 137 to 187 HB inclusive.
facturer notified.
NOTE 2—A lot is defined as the product from a mill heat or if heat
treated, the product of a mill heat per furnace charge. 12. Certification
7.4 Hardness Tests: 12.1 Identification Marking—For forgings made to speci-
7.4.1 Two hardness tests shall be made for each heat of fied dimensions, when agreed upon by the purchaser, and for
as-forged components. When more than one forging is pro- forgings made to dimensional standards, application of identi-
duced from each heat, a minimum of two forgings shall be fication marks as required in Specification A961/A961M shall
tested with one reading from each forging. When only one be the certification that the forgings have been furnished in
forging is produced, it shall be tested in two locations. accordance with the requirements of this specification. The
7.4.2 Except when only one forging is produced, a mini- specification designation included on test reports shall include
mum of two forgings shall be hardness tested per batch or year date and revision letter, if any.
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12.2 Test Reports—When test reports are required, the 13.3 When test reports are required for larger products, the
manufacturer shall also provide the following, where appli- markings shall consist of the manufacturer’s symbol or name,
cable: this specification number, and such other markings as neces-
12.2.1 Type heat treatment, Section 5, sary to identify the part with the test report (13.1 and 13.2 shall
12.2.2 Tensile property results, Section 7 (Table 2), report apply). The specification number marked on the forgings need
the yield strength and ultimate strength, in ksi [MPa], elonga- not include specification year date and revision letter.
tion and reduction in area, in percent; and, if longitudinal strip 13.4 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in
tension specimens are used, report the width of the gage length, Specification A961/A961M and 13.3, bar coding is acceptable
12.2.3 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 1). Re- as a supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
ported results shall be to the same number of significant figures specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
as the limits specified in Table 1 for that element. The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
12.2.4 Hardness results, Section 7 (Table 2), a minimum of supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
two readings, and industry standards for bar coding. If used on small parts, the
12.2.5 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
order. tag.
13. Product Marking
14. Keywords
13.1 If the forgings have been quenched and tempered, the
letters “QT” shall be stamped on the forgings following this 14.1 pipe fittings, steel; piping applications; pressure con-
specification number. taining parts; steel flanges; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves;
13.2 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with the temperature service applications, elevated; temperature service
letter “W” following this specification number. applications, high

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order.

S1. Hardness S3. Marking Small Forgings


S1.1 The purchaser may check the hardness of any or all S3.1 For small products where the space for marking is less
forgings supplied at any location on the forging and the than 1 in. [25 mm] in any direction, test reports are mandatory
hardness shall be 137 to 187 HB. All forgings not within the and marking may be restricted to only such symbols or codes
specified hardness range shall be rejected. as are necessary to identify the parts with test reports.
S2. Heat Treatment S3.2 When the configuration or size does not permit mark-
S2.1 All forgings shall be heat treated as specified by the ing directly on the forging, the marking method shall be a
purchaser. matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
S2.2 When forgings not requiring heat treatment by 5.1 are chaser.
supplied heat treated by purchaser request, the basis for
determining conformance with Table 2 and Table 3 shall be S4. Carbon Equivalent
hardness testing per 7.4 and either (1) tensile testing of heat S4.1 The maximum carbon equivalent, based on heat analy-
treated forgings per 7.2, or (2) tensile tests from as-forged sis, shall be 0.47 for forgings with a maximum section
forgings or separately forged test blanks, as agreed upon thickness of 2 in. or less, and 0.48 for forgings with a
between the supplier and purchaser.
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maximum section thickness of greater than 2 in.
S2.3 When test reports are required, and tensile test results
were obtained from as-forged forgings or as-forged test blanks, S4.2 Determine the carbon equivalent (CE) as follows:
it shall be so indicated on the test report. CE 5 C 1 Mn/6 1 ~Cr 1 Mo 1 V!/5 1 ~Ni 1 Cu!/15
S2.4 In addition to the marking required by Section 13, this
specification shall be followed by the letter: A for annealed, N S4.3 A lower maximum carbon equivalent may be agreed
for normalized, NT for normalized and tempered, or QT for upon between the supplier and the purchaser.
quenched and tempered, as appropriate.

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A105/A105M – 10
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

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Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–09, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2010)

(1) Revised 12.2.3 on chemistry reporting.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A105/A105M–05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved July 1, 2009)

(1) Revised 7.4 to clarify hardness testing requirements. (2) Revised 12.2.4 to clarify the number of hardness results
required to be reported.

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