1

1 Breathing involves the movement of the ribs and the diaphragm.

Describe the process of inspiration.

..................................................................................................................................................
During the process of inspiration, the diaphragm, and the lungs take a huge role
..................................................................................................................................................
in breathing in. Firstly, the external intercoastal muscles contract and the
internal intercostals muscles relax, raising the ribs upwards and outwards. At the
..................................................................................................................................................
same time the diaphragm contracts and flattens moving downwards. Moreover,
both of these actions increases the volume inside the thorax,
which decreases the pressure inside the thorax. Since atmospheric pressure is
..................................................................................................................................................
high, air moves into the lungs and they inflate.
..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

2 The diagram shows the human gas exchange system.

Identify the parts of the gas exchange system labelled X, Y and Z in the diagram.
Larynx
X ...............................................................................................................................................
Trachea
Y................................................................................................................................................
Bronchi
Z ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
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3 Complete the sentences by writing the appropriate word or phrase in the spaces provided.

During physical activity the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood increases. The

respiration
reason for this is an increase in the rate of ............................................... that occurs in the
mitocondria
............................................... in muscle cells.

The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is detected by the

brain
............................................... , which increases the rate and depth of breathing so that

released
carbon dioxide can be ............................................... from the body. This is important
toxic/waste
because carbon dioxide is a ............................................... substance and can cause

harm if it accumulates. [5]

[Total: 5]
 3

4 Scientists investigated the effect of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the air on the rate
and depth of breathing. The people who took part in the investigation were healthy volunteers.

The people breathed atmospheric air containing 0.04% carbon dioxide for five minutes. They then
breathed air containing 2% carbon dioxide for five minutes and then returned to breathing
atmospheric air for a further five minutes.

The results are shown in the graph.

0.04% CO2 2% CO2 0.04% CO2

70

60

50

40

percentage 30
change in rate
and depth of
breathing 20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

–10

–20
time / minutes
key:
rate of breathing
depth of breathing
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Describe the effects of changing the carbon dioxide concentration of the air on the rate and depth
of breathing, as shown in the graph.
The rate and depth of breathing increases when the carbon dioxide concentration is
..................................................................................................................................................
increased from
0.04 to 2 percent. Moreover, there is a huge change for the rate of respiration rather
..................................................................................................................................................
than the depth, which had less
change in comparison to the rate. Furthermore, the rate and the depth of breathing
..................................................................................................................................................
further decreases
when the carbon dioxide concentration returned to its original percent, 0.04. This
shows that more the carbon dioxide concentration, the more
..................................................................................................................................................
the rate and depth of breathing.
..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [4]

[Total: 4]

5 The table shows four functions of the human gas exchange system.

Complete the table by identifying the part of the human gas exchange system that carries out each
function.

function part of the human gas exchange system

contracts to decrease air pressure in the diaphragm

allows air to flow between the larynx and

contracts to lower the ribs in forced

site of gas exchange alveoli

[4]

[Total: 4]