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Lecture 11

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13 views

Lecture 11

Uploaded by

Iktiaz Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LECTURE - 11

DATA RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT

James A. O'Brien, and George Marakas


Management Information Systems
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 2

Data Resource Management


Data Resource Management (or Data Administration) is
an organizational function working in the areas of
information systems and computer science that plans,
organizes, describes and controls data resources.

•Data resource management is a managerial activity


• Uses data management, data warehousing,
and other IS technologies
• Manages data resources to meet the information
needs of business stakeholders
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 3

Data Resource Management


• Data Stewards: A data steward is a person responsible
for the management and fitness of data elements - both
the content and metadata.

• A data steward is a job role that involves planning,


implementing and managing the sourcing, use and
maintenance of data assets in an organization. Data
stewards enable an organization to take control and
govern all the types and forms of data and their
associated libraries or repositories.
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 4

Distributed Databases
• Distributed databases are copies or parts of databases stored on servers at
multiple locations
• Improves database performance at worksites
• Advantages
• Protection of valuable data
• Data can be distributed into smaller databases
• Each location has control of its local data
• All locations can access any data, any where
• Disadvantages
• Maintaining data accuracy
• Replication
• Look at each distributed database and find changes
• Apply changes to each distributed database
• Very complex
• Duplication
• One database is master
• Duplicate the master after hours, in all locations
• Easier to accomplish
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 5

Operational Databases (ODB)


• An operational database is a database that is used to
manage and store data in real time. ODB containing
up-to-date, modifiable data, in contrast to a decision
support database.
• Also called subject area databases (SADB), transaction
databases, and production databases
• Database examples: customer, human resource,
inventory, SCM etc.
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 6

External Databases
• Databases available for a fee from commercial
online services, or free from the Web
• Example: hypermedia databases, statistical
databases, bibliographic and full text databases
• Search engines like Google or Yahoo are
external databases
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 7

Data Warehouses
• Organizations are required to keep all relevant data for several years for analyzing
and comparing the current year data with that of the past years which also makes
it easier to determine key trends taking place. All this data from previous years are
stored in a database warehouse.

• Since the data stored has gone through all kinds of screening, editing and
integration, it does not need any further editing or alteration.

• Central source of data that has been cleaned, transformed, and cataloged.

• Data is used for data mining, analytical processing, analysis, research, decision
support

• Data warehouses may be divided into data marts


• Subsets of data that focus on specific aspects of a company (department or
business process)
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 8

Data Marts
• A data mart is a simple form of a data warehouse that is
focused on a single subject (or functional area), such as
Sales or Finance or Marketing.

Data Warehouse Vs. Data Mart


Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 9

Applications and Data Marts


Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 10

Data Mining
• Data mining is the process of finding anomalies, patterns
and correlations within large data sets to predict
outcomes. Using a broad range of techniques, we can use
this information to increase revenues, cut costs, improve
customer relationships, reduce risks and more.

• What Data Mining can do?


• Market segmentation - Identify the common characteristics of
customers who buy the same products from the company.
• Customer churn - Predict which customers are likely to leave
the company and go to a competitor.
• Fraud detection - Identify which transactions are most likely to
be fraudulent.
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 11

What Data Mining can do?


• Direct marketing - Identify which prospects should be included in a
mailing list to obtain the highest response rate.

• Interactive marketing - Predict what each individual accessing a


Web site is most likely interested in seeing.

• Market basket analysis - Understand what products or services are


commonly purchased together; e.g., beer and diapers.

• Trend analysis - Reveal the difference between a typical customer


this month and last.
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 12

Traditional File Processing


• Data are organized, stored, and processed in
independent files
• Each business application designed to use
specialized data files containing specific
types of data records
• Problems
• Data redundancy
• Lack of data integration
• Data dependence (files, storage devices,
software)
• Lack of data integrity or standardization
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 13

Database Management Approach


• In order to remove all limitations of the File Based Approach, a new
approach was required that must be more effective known as
Database approach.
• The foundation of modern methods of managing organizational data
• Consolidates data records formerly in separate files into databases
• Data can be accessed by many different application programs
• A database management system (DBMS) is the software interface
between users and databases
A database management system (DBMS) is a software that: Acts
as an interface between application programs and the data files.
Separates the logical view of the database (how the data is
perceived by end users) and the physical view (how the data is
actually organized on storage media).
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 14

Database Management System


• Database Development
• Defining and organizing the content,
relationships, and structure of the data needed
to build a database
• Database Application Development
• Using DBMS to create prototypes of queries,
forms, reports, Web pages
• Database Maintenance
• Using transaction processing systems and other
tools to add, delete, update, and correct data
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 15

DBMS Major Functions


Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 16

Database Interrogation
• Database Interrogation: Capability of a DBMS to report information from
the database in response to End-Users’ request.
• Query Language: Allows easy, immediate access to ad hoc requests.
• SQL Queries
• Query form is SELECT…FROM…WHERE…
Chapter 5 Data Resource ManagementChapter 5 17

Questions
• Define Data Resource Management with its activities.3
• What is Data stewards and what capabilities a Data Stewards should
have? 3
• Define Distributed Databases with advantages and disadvantages.4
• Explain Data warehouse, Data mining and Mata Marts with example.
3
• How do you differentiate between Data Warehouse and Data Mart? 3
• Make a list of what Data Mining can do? 4
• Graphically represent the relation between Data Marts and their
applications. 3

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