DYNAMO

Abstract: greenhouse gas emissions, and rising fuel

This paper introduces a novel low-speed prices, non-motorized modes of transportation
generator utilizing permanent magnets, like bicycles are gaining importance worldwide
designed specifically for harnessing power from (Majumdar et al., 2014).
bicycle movement. It's well-suited for powering
bicycle front and rear lights, as well as other
electronic devices. The dynamo comprises a This dynamo, when coupled with a bicycle,
facilitates the illumination of the front and rear
hub axle, a rotatable hub housing mounted
lights and even
around the axle with bearings, a planetary drive
to amplify the rotational speed of the permanent
the charging of a mobile phone if the cyclist
magnet, and a power generation mechanism pedals at a sufficient speed. It's particularly
with coils attached to the hub axle, connected to suitable for rural areas where electricity is
the output connector. By enabling the magnet to scarce, offering a maintenance-free and
rotate faster than the bicycle wheel, this hub autonomous energy source. Given the limited
dynamo ensures high power output even at volume available within a bicycle hub and the
typical bicycle speeds. optimal energy source provided by bicycle
movement, a multipolar magnet and armature
were deemed the most efficient means of
harvesting energy for powering bicycle
I. INTRODUCTION electronic devices.
Hub generators have been a popular choice
since the 1950s, initially seen in bottle and In recent years, significant research efforts have
stationary bicycle dynamos. Traditional bottle focused on developing devices that harness
generators, which run on the tire tread or rim, energy from various environmental applications
suffer from frictional losses at the and convert it into electrical energy (A. R.
wheel/generator interface, leading to increased Mech et al., 2012). This paper specifically
heat at the tire/generator interface and targets bicycles, emphasizing a multi-pole
unreliability in wet weather (Khandewal et al., dynamo design utilizing a stack formed by
2014). While bicycle hub generators offer a plate-shaped members made of pressed
more reliable solution for powering front and electrical steel sheets (Takahiro Endo et al.,
rear lights, it's only in recent years that efficient 2003). The dynamo incorporates a multi-stack
generator hubs capable of producing around armature with coils fixed to a hub axle and a
2.4W of power at moderate bicycle speeds have magnet casing capable of rotating at higher
become available (N. Brito et al., 2006). speeds than the bicycle wheel, thus maximizing
energy generation.
The device presented in this paper surpasses the
power output of these dynamos, enabling the
generation of environmentally friendly electric
power while promoting physical fitness through II. LITERATURE SURVEY
pedalling (M. N. Haji et al., 2010). With
growing concerns about global warming,
 To conduct this project, a comprehensive PALAK DEASI :{ 2016}
literature review was undertaken, Based on the findings of this project, it is
drawing from various sources such as determined that the proposed vehicle design is
journals, books, articles, and other highly adaptable for a wide range of users,
relevant materials. Through this including individuals with physical disabilities.
extensive survey, the primary objective By employing various mechanisms and
emerged: to propel the bicycle using technological combinations, the wheeled
renewable energy sources like solar vehicle can be propelled efficiently, offering
power, dynamos, and wall chargers to significant advantages over conventional
charge a battery using electrical energy.
tricycles. This innovation particularly benefits
physically disabled individuals, enabling them
The central goal of this study is to power to operate the vehicle with greater ease. The
the bicycle using dynamo-generated conclusion underscores the suitability of lever-
electricity. The proposed approach powered tricycles for both handicapped and
involves mounting a pair of dynamos on able-bodied individuals, highlighting the
the rear wheel, which, without requiring comfort and practicality of mechanical
pedalling, charges a battery by propulsion.
generating electricity. This electricity is
then stored in the battery, which
subsequently powers a hub motor
attached to the front axle, enabling the
bicycle to move along the road.
1. Design Concept and Principle of
Operation
HAMEED MAJEEDSABER :{ 2014}
1.1 Design Concept of hub-dynamo:
Hameed Majeed Saber (2014) conducted a
study at the Sam Higginbottom Institute of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences (SHIATS)
in Allahabad, India, aimed at evaluating the
feasibility of installing solar panels on the
rooftops of various buildings within the
institute. A survey was conducted within
SHIATS to gather latitude and longitude
coordinates for each building considered in the
analysis. High-resolution imagery from Google
Earth was utilized to digitally map the rooftops
of the buildings. Spatially distributed solar
radiation maps were then generated for the
study area, and data were extracted for each
building. The potential for installing solar
panels on SHIATS buildings was assessed by
analyzing the total solar radiation accumulated
on each building. The buildings were ranked
based on the amount of solar radiation they
received.

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 Depicts the design concept of the hub-dynamo
proposed in this research. The detailed 3D
model of the hub dynamo was created using 1.2 Principal Operation of Hub
Creo 2.0 software, adhering to Indian bicycle dynamo:
standards. The hub dynamo is affixed to the To The operational principle of the hub
distal ends of the right and left forks of a dynamo is as follows: As the bicycle
bicycle's front wheel. It comprises a hub shaft moves forward, the front wheel, or the
designed for mounting at the bottom end of the hub casing, rotates relative to the hub
front fork, a hub shell configured to rotate axle. This rotation drives the planetary
around the hub shaft, and a rotating member, drive, which in turn rotates the
serving as a driven body, positioned radially permanent multi-pole magnet around the
inward within the hub shell and capable of coil. When the vertical outer portions of
rotation around the hub shaft. Additionally, a the plate-shaped pieces forming the first
planetary gear transmission is integrated to stack arm receive N-pole magnetic flux
transmit the rotation of the hub shell to the from the multi-pole permanent magnet,
driven body. A power-generating mechanism is the radially outer portion of the plate-
situated between the driven body and the hub shaped pieces forming the second stack
shaft, with both ends of the hub shaft firmly receives S-pole magnetic flux.
attached to the front fork. The large-diameter Conversely, when the radially outer
portion of the hub shaft forms a sun gear within portion of the plate-shaped pieces
forming the stack receives S-pole
the planetary gear transmission.
magnetic flux from the permanent
magnet, the radially outer portion of the
The hub shell is constructed as a substantially
plate-shaped pieces forming the second
cylindrical member, consisting of two pieces stack receives N-pole magnetic flux.
and supported for rotation on the hub shaft at
both ends by bearing assemblies. The casing
features a pair of hub flanges, each equipped As a result of the rotation of the
with multiple mounting holes arranged at equal permanent magnet around the radially
outer portions of the plate-shaped pieces
intervals along the circumferences of the
forming the first and second stack, the
respective hub flanges, facilitating the
hub dynamo alternates between two
mounting of the ends of the wheel spokes.
states: one where the first stack
comprises the N-pole and the second
stack comprises the S-pole, and vice
versa. This alternating magnetic flux
induces current flow inside the coil,
generating electrical power. The
generated power is then transferred
through the wire to the connector, which
connects all electrical devices of the
bicycle.

2. Advantages

.Renewable energy source.

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 • Reduces the use of fossil fuels. transportation solutions, necessitated by the
• Technological development need to identify new avenues for transport.
• Reduces air and noise pollution The integration of dynamo and solar energy
• Low maintenance cost into bicycles offers a significant
• This can be used even in the absence of enhancement in energy production. Not only
sun light is this approach energy-efficient, but it also
• It has an alternate source of power renders the bike more affordable and
generation accessible to a broader demographic.
Suitable for short distances and individuals
of all ages, these bikes can be utilized year-
3.POWER PRODUCTION round.

One of the paramount advantages of these

 Most bikes dynamo produce 3 watt,
bikes is their avoidance of fossil fuel
most modern hub dynamo are regulated
to produces 3 watts at 6 volts, although consumption, thus contributing to
some will drive up to 6 watts at 12 substantial savings in foreign currencies.
volts. Furthermore, they operate without emitting
 But in our case the dynamo produced pollutants, making them environmentally
about 1.75 to 1.90 watts at 12 volts. friendly and noise-free. Utilizing on-board
 Actually, there is 6 watts of power solar panels and dynamos serves as a
generation with 12 volts. practical strategy for mitigating
environmental pollution.

In cases of emergencies, the bikes can be

conveniently charged using an AC adapter.
4.CONCLUSION Additionally, their low operating cost per
As the demand for petrol and diesel kilometer can be further reduced with the
continues to deplete natural resources, it incorporation of solar panels. With fewer
becomes imperative to explore alternative components, these bikes are easy to
modes of transportation, such as electric, disassemble into smaller parts, resulting in
solar, and dynamo bikes. These innovations reduced maintenance requirements.
represent a shift towards sustainable

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