Subject Week No.

Computer Site Ins. INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE

Trend, Network and critical
Inc. (ISG) 1-2
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Understanding Elements and Characteristics of Trends

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this ISG, I will learn to:
1. Define a trend;
2. Explain the process on how to spot a trend;
3. Point out the elements that make up a trend;
4. Identify emerging patterns;
5. See, discover, and differentiate relationships between causes and consequences;
6. Present the derived ideas through a 100-word essay or other graphic representation.

INTRODUCTION
Making sense of trends and time frames is an often confusing task. At any one time, in any given time frame,
multiple trends can be at play. There are long term secular trends, shorter term primary trends, still shorter term
secondary trends and yet shorter still near and short term trends. Adding to the confusion of trends is the time
frame. What may be easy to spot in one time frame may not be so easy to spot in another. This article will help to
make some sense out of trend and time frame for binary traders. This is an important aspect of trading and one that
I highly recommend everyone master regardless of their chosen strategy. The old saying, “the trend is your friend,
trade with your friend” is as true today as the day it was first spoken. Likewise, the saying “a rising tide lifts all boats”
is equally apt.

A trend is defined as a general direction is which something is moving or developing. In the case of trading financial
assets a trend is a measurable direction in prices, usually up or down. Trends can and do exist in every time frame
and understanding how they work is one key to avoiding frustration. Imagine this, the tide is rolling in and each wave
that comes onto the shore is a little higher than the next. All of a sudden one wave pulls way way back, looking as if
the tide may have turned. Is it more likely that the next wave will meet or exceed the previous high water mark or
less? This is the essence of trend analysis, determining the direction of the market tide and the probability that the
next wave will be higher or lower than the next.

DISCUSSION

UNDERSTANDING ELEMENTS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TRENDS

a pattern of gradual change in a condition, output, or process, or an average or general tendency of a series of data
points to move in a certain direction over time, represented by a line or curve on a graph.

Page 1 of 42
DIFFERENTIATING A TREND FROM FADS
A desirable trend characterized with lots of enthusiasm and energy over a short period of time. Fads
are often seen with common consumer items, especially around a holiday season. Products that
have fallen into this category include beanie babies in the 1990s, and gaming system in the 2000s.
They can also be seen in other areas, such as investing. For example, leveraged buy-outs (lbos) were
used frequently in the 1980s for companies looking for acquire rivals, suppliers, and other related
entities. In the late 1990s though, lbos became less popular.

The primary difference between a trend and a fad is that trends have the potential to be long-term
influencers on the market. in addition, trends often involve altered classics. For example, specific
colors can be declared “trendy.” for 2014, the colors orange and blue garnered a lot of attention.
however, orange and blue are classic colors; in other words, a classic piece has been declared a
“trend.” trends can be much more difficult to track, but the best rule of thumb when considering
whether a piece is a classic or a trend, is to ask yourself: “will i still love this in five years?” if the
answer is a resounding “yes,” then chances are that the piece is either a classic or an updated
classic, both of which will age beautifully.

Trend is general direction in which something is developing or changing. Network an arrangement of intersecting
horizontal and vertical lines. Critical Thinking is the objective analysis and evaluation of an issue in order to form a
judgment.

Trend -is a behavior or new way of doing things and it has a big impact on our society. It is a sequential pattern of
change in a condition, output, or process, or an average or general tendency of a series of data points to move in a
certain direction over time, represented by a line or curve on a graph.

A trend is defined in Technical Analysis as the direction of the market and can be of three types: uptrend, downtrend
and sideways trend. If the direction of the market is upward, the market is said to be in an uptrend; if it is downward,
it is in a downtrend and if you can classify it neither upward nor downward or rather fluctuating between two levels,
then the market is said to be in a sideways trend.
Trends -It is effective, has more than a year existence, has a high popularity and long term popularity, socially
constructed, recurrent phenomenon sustained over time and has a high market demand.
Examples of trends

1. Facebook
 It is one of the most common social network website where you can share information about yourself and
communicate with other people.
 It is a popular social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and
video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues.
Page 2 of 42
  Facebook is available in 37 different languages, and it includes public features.
2. Twitter
 It lets you see what is happening around the world, from breaking news and entertainment, sports and
politics to big events and every day interests.
 It is a free social networking micro blogging service that allows registered users to broadcast short posts
called tweets .
 Twitter members can broadcast tweets and follow other user's tweets by using multiple platforms and
devices.

IDENTIFYING TRENDS
A trend is a general direction that a certain financial market is taking. Trend analysis is a section of technical analysis
that explains trends and helps traders define direction.
The most common way to identify trends is using trendlines, which connect a series of highs or lows.
Uptrend: If you can connect a series of chart low points sloping upward, you have an uptrend. An uptrend is always
characterized by higher highs and higher lows.

Downtrend: If you can connect a series of chart high points sloping downward, you have a downtrend. A downtrend
is always characterized by lower highs and lower lows.

Although the above figures show line charts for simplicity, trendlines are usually drawn on candlestick charts. The
very first thing to know about drawing trend lines is that you need at least two points in the market to start a trend
line. Once the second swing high or low has been identified, you can draw your trend line.
Most trend lines you come across will have some overlap from the high or low of a candle, but what’s important is
getting the most touches possible without cutting through the body of a candle (called a violation).

Page 3 of 42
WHY IS TREND IMPORTANT?
It is important to identify and understand trends so that you can trade with rather than against them. Always
remember “Trend is your Friend”. Trading in the direction of the Trend maximizes your chance of success.
Traders can identify the trend using various forms of technical analysis, including both trendlines and technical
indicators. However, using a trendline is the strongest form of confirming that a trend exists. Knowing the trend also
helps to avoid false buy/sell signals (or whipsaws), as some indicators like oscillators behave better in sideways
trends and others like trending indicators behave better in trending markets. Hence, it can lead to a much better
success rate!

HOW IS TREND USED?

A break of the trend line usually signals a trend reversal. Hence, we can say that when an uptrend line is broken (i.e.
stock closes below the uptrend line), the prior uptrend has ended (can also be used as a Sell signal depending on the
strength of the trendline) and vice versa when a downtrend is broken (i.e stock closes above the downtrend line), it
means that the prior downtrend has ended (can also be used as a Buy signal depending on the strength of the
trendline).
One popular trading strategy is waiting for the price to touch the trendline and trade it. So, let’s say we are in an
uptrend. Once the price makes a higher low and touches the lower trendline, traders will be buying. The same
happens in a downtrend. Once the price makes a lower high, traders will be trading the trend line and selling.
Traders trading the range are buying when price touches support and selling when it touches resistance.
A trendline can help estimate the future price trajectory, and also warn you when a trend may be reversing.
Remember that trends occur on multiple time-frames. For example, the price may be moving in an overall
downtrend on the daily chart, but an uptrend on the 15-minute chart. By looking at both longer-term and shorter-
term trends, you can gain greater insight into the likely future price movements of the asset.
Drawing a trendline can be a cumbersome process, and can need years of experience to get it right, so to make
things more easier for our traders we have introduced a new feature called Auto Trendline powered by AI), which
not only does it automatically, but also colors the trend lines based on strength (blue for strong, red for not so
strong).

THE PROCESS OF IDENTIFYING A TREND

Understanding the trend is the most important aspect for a trader to make money in financial markets. While using
tools of technical analysis like candlestick patterns and indicators, a prior knowledge of the basic trend of the market
is vital to improve odds of success in trading. Let’s get started and first understand what is a trend.

1. Trend analysis
2. Trend spotting
3. Trend spotter
4. Projecting trends

Trend analysis -is the widespread practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern, or trend, in the
information.

Trend spotting -is the identification of new trends or attempting to see the future.

Trend spotter -is a person who notices and reports on new fashions, ideas, or activities that are becoming popular.
Projecting trends- Assumes the future will be a logical extension of the past.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TRENDS AND FADS

FADS -It has a short term existence, emerges quickly and fades quickly, and short lived recurring.

TRENDS -It is effective, has more than a year existence, has a high popularity and long term popularity, socially
Page 4 of 42
constructed, recurrent phenomenon sustained over time and has a high market demand.

Trends have a much longer lifespan than fads. In fact, they can continue to be fashionable for years and even
decades. The primary difference between a trend and a fad is that trends have the potential to be long-term
influences on the market.

Elements of trends
•Duration of time -The lifespan of products or ideas that become trends do not disappear quickly. Trends have long
staying power and enjoy a long period of popularity.

• Acceptability -Trends are popularly accepted by many industries and people.

• Cultural Basis -A trend is rooted on the people's cultural traditions, beliefs, and values. A trend persists and
continues because people have seen it as part of a society's culture.

• Transitory increase or decrease -A trend shows a transitory increase or decrease of a particular idea, event or
phenomenon.

•Driver, Enabler, Blocker -Agents in trend

FIVE (5) TYPES OF TREND

•Microtrend -These are the little things that happen all around us. Trends that are so common we get used to it.
•Macrotrend -These are the trends that can endure for surprisingly a long time. It's also the trends that affect the
society.
•Megatrend -These are the trends that can stay healthy for decades or lasts for 10 years.
•Gigatrend -It is a megatrend that goes on for half a century or more. These are the trends that are so general, they
affect most areas of human life.
•Nanotrend -These are the trends that are yet to be expected. It can be an alternative trends that exists in trends.

The 4'S Model?

•Set up -It is a part of the 4s model that questions what, when, where of the trend. It is the process of finding up the
whole trend.
•Widescanning -Observation of numerous field, areas and quick documentation of all the things that might generate
partial answers.
•Deepscanning -Ethnographic understanding of some specific trending area and thoroughly documenting it.
•Scenario -This is the part where you make your idea tangible, tests your idea and revisions if necessary.
•Scrutinize -It's the 4s model part where you examine your product or idea.

Patterns vs. Trends: An Overview

The identification of patterns and trends are techniques used by analysts studying the supply and demand of an
asset traded on an open market. A trend is the general direction of a price over a period of time. A pattern is a set of
data that follows a recognizable form, which analysts then attempt to find in the current data.

Trends
In technical analysis, trends are identified by trendlines or price action that highlight when the price is making higher
swing highs and higher swing lows for an uptrend, or lower swing lows and lower swing highs for a downtrend. The
three basic types of trends are up, down, and sideways.

An uptrend is marked by an overall increase in price. Nothing moves straight up for long, so there will always be
oscillations, but the overall direction needs to be higher.

A downtrend occurs when the price of an asset moves lower over a period of time. While the price may move
Page 5 of 42
intermittently higher or lower, downtrends are characterized by lower peaks and lower troughs over time.

Trends may be discovered in the short, medium, and long term. Generally, investors take positions in assets that will
be profitable as long as the current trend continues. Taking positions that profit only if a trend reverses is riskier.
Analysts use trendlines and channels, which are essentially boundaries for price fluctuations, in an attempt to spot
and define trends. Upward trends are characterized by an asset price hitting a series of higher highs and higher lows,
while downward trends are marked by lower highs and lower lows. Most traders trade in the direction of the trend.
Traders who go opposite the trend are called contrarian investors.

EMERGING PATTERNS
Patterns in science are a little different. Data doesn't have to follow a trend, always going
up or down over time. A pattern is a when data repeats in a predictable way.

Patterns are the distinctive formations created by the movements of security prices on a chart and are the
foundation of technical analysis.

A pattern is identified by a line that connects common price points, such as closing prices or highs or lows, during a
specific period of time.

Emerging patterns are sets of items whose frequency changes significantly from one dataset to another. They are
useful as a means of discovering distinctions inherently present amongst a collection datasets and have been shown
to be a powerful method for constructing accurate classifiers.

In technical analysis, transitions between rising and falling trends are often signaled by price patterns. By definition, a
price pattern is a recognizable configuration of price movement that is identified using a series of trendlines and/or
curves.

When a price pattern signals a change in trend direction, it is known as a reversal pattern; a continuation pattern
occurs when the trend continues in its existing direction following a brief pause.

Technical analysts have long used price patterns to examine current movements and forecast future market
movements.

Trendlines in Technical Analysis

Since price patterns are identified using a series of lines and/or curves, it is helpful to understand trendlines and
know how to draw them. Trendlines help technical analysts spot areas of support and resistance on a price chart.
Trendlines are straight lines drawn on a chart by connecting a series of descending peaks (highs) or ascending
troughs (lows).
A trendline that is angled up, or an up trendline, occurs where prices are experiencing higher highs and higher lows.
The up trendline is drawn by connecting the ascending lows. Conversely, a trendline that is angled down, called a
down trendline, occurs where prices are experiencing lower highs and lower lows.

Trendlines will vary in appearance depending on what part of the price bar is used to "connect the dots." While
there are different schools of thought regarding which part of the price bar should be used, the body of the candle
bar—and not the thin wicks above and below the candle body—often represents where the majority of price action
has occurred and therefore may provide a more accurate point on which to draw the trendline, especially on
intraday charts where "outliers" (data points that fall well outside the "normal" range) may exist.

On daily charts, chartists often use closing prices, rather than highs or lows, to draw trendlines since the closing
prices represent the traders and investors willing to hold a position overnight or over a weekend or market holiday.
Trendlines with three or more points are generally more valid than those based on only two points.

Uptrends occur where prices are making higher highs and higher lows. Up trendlines connect at least two of the lows

Page 6 of 42
and show support levels below price.

Downtrends occur where prices are making lower highs and lower lows. Down trendlines connect at least two of the
highs and indicate resistance levels above the price.

Consolidation, or a sideways market, occurs where price is oscillating between an upper and lower range, between
two parallel and often horizontal trendlines.

Continuation patterns
A price pattern that denotes a temporary interruption of an existing trend is known as a continuation pattern.

A continuation pattern can be thought of as a pause during a prevailing trend—a time during which the bulls catch
their breath during an uptrend, or when the bears relax for a moment during a downtrend. While a price pattern is
forming, there is no way to tell if the trend will continue or reverse. As such, careful attention must be placed on the
trendlines used to draw the price pattern and whether price breaks above or below the continuation zone.1
Technical analysts typically recommend assuming a trend will continue until it is confirmed that it has reversed.

In general, the longer the price pattern takes to develop, and the larger the price movement within the pattern, the
more significant the move once price breaks above or below the area of continuation.

If price continues on its trend, the price pattern is known as a continuation pattern. Common continuation patterns
include:

Pennants, constructed using two converging trendlines

Flags, drawn with two parallel trendlines
Wedges, constructed with two converging trendlines, where both are angled either up or down

Reversal patterns
A price pattern that signals a change in the prevailing trend is known as a reversal pattern. These patterns signify
periods where either the bulls or the bears have run out of steam. The established trend will pause and then head in
a new direction as new energy emerges from the other side (bull or bear).

For example, an uptrend supported by enthusiasm from the bulls can pause, signifying even pressure from both the
bulls and bears, then eventually giving way to the bears. This results in a change in trend to the downside.

Reversals that occur at market tops are known as distribution patterns, where the trading instrument becomes more
enthusiastically sold than bought. Conversely, reversals that occur at market bottoms are known as accumulation
patterns, where the trading instrument becomes more actively bought than sold. As with continuation patterns, the
longer the pattern takes to develop and the larger the price movement within the pattern, the larger the expected
move once price breaks out.
When price reverses after a pause, the price pattern is known as a reversal pattern. Examples of common reversal
patterns include:

Head and Shoulders, signaling two smaller price movements surrounding one larger movement
Double Tops, representing a short-term swing high, followed by a subsequent failed attempt to break above the
same resistance level
Double Bottoms, showing a short-term swing low, followed by another failed attempt to break below the same
support level.

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF A TREND

Reasons why our society creates Social Media Accounts:
Why we use it ?
 allows us to be connected with our friends, peers and celebrities.
 school-projects, sharing, communicate with each other

Page 7 of 42
Why Business use them?
 promote their products and services
 easily update their customers with new information
 sales, promotions, new products

Positive effects from the Social Media Trend

 ability to interact with different types of people
 to keep updated with events, happening around the world
 easily share and spread information across the world

Negative Effects from the Social Media Trend

 cyber-bullying is increasing because it can occur easily.
 it is easier to hide your identity from others

Reasons why Trends affects the Society

 affects everything we do - what we buy, think and our action
 affects us physically, socially and psychologically

Psychological effects Society

 changes the way why you buy things
 you buy it because it is “ in” or because it is popular
 buy something because because you want them
 majority of us will follow it almost everyone has the same idea, product etc.
 we’re afraid to stand alone so we follow trends

Physical effects on Society

 dress, look differently to “ fit in” with the crowd
 change of attitudes and behaviour The Effects from Trends Towards Media / Business Industry
 influences the products and advertisements they use and produce
 use trends to their advantage
 tries to make their product a trend “ trend-setter ”\
 to gain revenue and more attention

"Don't be into trends. Don't make fashion own you, but you decide what you are “
Gianni Versace

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS
Directions: Use plain short bond paper
True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.

______1. With the use of internet, children are getting addicted to online games.
______2. The integration of technological development in contemporary era, children are not engaging in various
physical activities and becoming considerably less.
______3. The trends in the field of aesthetics, particularly in teenager’s fashion is one of the major cause of
discrimination.
______4. Distant learning is s new trend in the field of education where students nowadays can learn and interact
with some of the global teachers.
______5. In the field of social networking sites, technology creates serious mental problems.

Page 8 of 42
Essay:
1. Sum up the lesson learned by composing a 100 word essay on trends

2. Explain the statement “To predict the future we have to learn from the past” -Diana V. Caprico using a cloud
map.

Processing Question:
1. What do you think is the meaning of the given thought?
2. What can you say about the statement?

STUDENT’S INSIGHT

REFERENCES
 https://www.facebook.com/100997175028173/posts/subject-trendsnetworks-and-critical-thinking-in-the-21st-
century-culture-part-1q/101692671625290/
 https://bryantbauntnct.wordpress.com/2017/02/20/trends-networks-and-critical-thinking-tnct/
 https://www.slideshare.net/CenthiameBelonio/elements-and-characteristics-of-trend
 https://investarindia.com/blog/how-to-identify-trend-and-why-it-is-important-for-profitable-trading/
 https://www.binaryoptions.net/introduction-to-trends-and-time-frames/
 https://www.investopedia.com/articles/technical/112601.asp
 https://www.mydailyalerts.com/positive-negative-effects-technology-lives
 https://depedshs.blogspot.com/2017/06/trends-networks-and-critical-thinking.html

Teacher’s Remark  Complete  Incomplete  Redo  For Consultation

Page 9 of 42
 Subject Week No.
Computer Site Ins. ACTIVITY SHEET Trend, Network and critical
Inc. 1-2
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Understanding Elements and Characteristics of Trends

DIRECTIONS
A. Look for article/s that shows relevance of each causes and consequences of a trend in terms of the following:
Paste those articles in short bond paper. Be able to explain the connection to the trends.

TASKS
A.
1.technology
2. education
3. social media
4. fashion
5. medicine

Collage Making:

Make a collage of the different emerging patterns. Explain the collage in short plain bond paper.

RUBRIC

Page 10 of 42
 Subject Week No.
Computer Site Ins. INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE
Trend, Network and critical
Inc. (ISG) 3-4
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Understanding Local Networks

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this ISG, I will learn to:
1. Define strategic analysis and intuitive thinking;
2. Explain strategic analysis and intuitive thinking;
3. Use intuitive thinking in everyday life situation.

INTRODUCTION

Markets move in trends. This phenomenon is one of the major organizing principles of market behavior and one of
the tenets of the Dow Theory. Some well-known axioms have been coined over the decades regarding market
trends, such as “The trend is your friend” and “Don't fight the trend.” Numerous trading and investment strategies
have been developed around the fact that markets move in trends. Most traders find it easier to profit when a
market is trending than while it is in a period of prolonged consolidation.

DISCUSSION

UNDERSTANDING LOCAL NETWORKS

This introduces us to the idea and importance of a network for us human beings. A gathering of individuals we
interface consistently family, companions, neigbors, intructors and managers. Network is a group of people whom
we interact daily.

Networks are analyzed in terms of: (Kilduff and Tsal, 2003, pp.30ff)
•Density-is the number of things—which could be people, animals, plants, or objects—in a certain area.
•Hierarchy- a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to
status or authority.
•Complexity- the state or quality of being intricate or complicated.
•Interdependence- the dependence of two or more people or things on each other.
•Embeddedness- the quality of being firmly and deeply ingrained or fixed in place.

Page 11 of 42
WHAT IS MEANT BY STRATEGIC ANALYSIS?
Strategic Analysis is the process of researching and analyzing the environment an organization operates in, as well as
the organization itself in order to inform the strategy formulation process. The environment of an organization is
comprised by two components - the internal environment and the external environment. Both internal and external
environments should be scrutinized in order to identify factors that influence organizations and aid decision making.
If you're not sure where or how to begin, there's no need to panic. This guide will take you through how to conduct a
strategic analysis with your team, and walk you through the best strategic analysis tools & frameworks you can use
to aid you through the process.

WHERE DOES A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS FIT IN THE STRATEGY MANAGEMENT CYCLE?

The Strategic Management Cycle is basically a back and forth between strategic planning and implementation. You
plan your strategy, and then you implement it. Once implemented or after a certain time period, you will go back to
planning and redefining your strategy and then move to the implementation phase once again.

The infographic above does a good job of giving a very high-level understanding of the elements involved in the
strategic management process. However, to understand how strategic analysis fits into the process, we need to
break this down even further. The Strategic Planning Phase is made up of Strategic Analysis and Strategy
Formulation, and should be completed in this order.

The analysis phase sets 'the stage' for formulation, as mentioned previously, the strategic analysis you complete will
inform the activities you undertake in strategic formulation. Now that we have a better idea of how a strategic
analysis fits into the bigger picture, we can move to dissecting how to actually conduct one.

HOW DO YOU CONDUCT A STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

Conducting a strategic analysis will vary, depending on the strategy level at which you're completing the strategic
analysis for. For example, the team involved in undertaking a strategic analysis in order to create a strategic plan for
a corporation with multiple businesses will have different focuses in the analysis compared with the manager of a
team within a department of an organization. So, instead of trying to give you an exact list of things to cover and
steps to blindly follow, it's more useful to equip you with the concepts of what should be covered in a strategic
analysis. That way, no matter what strategy level you're involved with, you'll understand how to complete a strategic
analysis. With that being said, let's have a look at the core concepts that should be involved in every strategy
analysis:

●Understand the strategy level you're completing the analysis for

●Complete an Internal Analysis
●Complete an External Analysis
Page 12 of 42
●Share Key Findings

The content of the internal and external analysis is what will vary depending on your strategy level. Throughout this
guide, we will give examples of what should be covered at each strategy level. Let's now take a look at each step
we've listed above in a bit more detail...

1. Understanding the Strategy Level you're completing the Analysis for

Strategy comes in different levels depending on where you are in an organization and what size your organization is.
You may be creating strategy to guide the direction of an entire organization with multiple business or you may be
creating strategy for your marketing team. As such, the process will differ for each as there are different objectives
and needs for each. The three strategy levels include:

©Corporate Strategy
©Business Strategy
©Functional Strategy

If you're not sure which strategy level you're completing your strategy analysis for, you can check out a post we
wrote a while back explaining each of the strategy levels. Once you're clear on your strategy level, jump back here to
keep going.

2. Internal Analysis
An internal analysis looks inwards at the organization and assesses the elements that make up the internal
environment. Performing an internal analysis allows you to identify the strengths and weaknesses of your
organization. This knowledge combined with that of the external analysis will aid the strategic decision making of
management while carrying out the strategy formulation process. Let's take a look at the steps involved in
completing an internal analysis:

Assessment of tools to use

Research and collect information
Analyze information
Communicate key findings

The first step of an internal analysis should be deciding on the tool or framework you will use to conduct the
analysis. There are many tools you can use to assist you during an internal analysis, and we delve into that a bit later
in the article, but to give you an idea for now, Gap Analysis, Strategy Evaluation, and VRIO are all great tools that can
be used to gain a clear picture of your internal environment. Once you've selected the tool you will use (hint - you
can use more than one), you will need to start researching and collecting data. The tool you use should give you
some structure around what information and data you should be looking at.

After the data research and collection stage, you'll need to start analyzing the data and information you've gathered
- how will the data and information you've gathered have an impact on your business or potential impact on your
business? Looking at different scenarios will help you pull out possible impacts. Finally, you should be
communicating your findings to the rest of the team involved in the analysis.

As mentioned earlier, an internal analysis will highlight an organization's strengths and weaknesses in the areas of
their competencies, resources, and competitive advantage. Once complete, the organization should have a clear idea
of where they're excelling, where they're doing OK and where current deficits and gaps lie. The analysis will arm
management with the knowledge to exploit their strengths and opportunities. It also allows management to develop
strategies to mitigate any threats and compensate for identified weaknesses.

Beginning strategy formulation after this analysis will ensure your strategic plan has been formulated to take
advantage of strengths and opportunities, and offset or improve weaknesses & threats. Your organization can then

Page 13 of 42
be confident that you're funneling your resources, time, and focus effectively and efficiently.

3. External Analysis
An external analysis looks at the environment an organization operates in and how those factors currently impact or
could impact the organization. A key difference between the factors external to an organization and the internal
factors, is that the organization generally has little to no control over external components. Organizations must
simply scan and react to the environment. On the other hand, the organization generally holds complete control
over internal factors, and can make changes to influence these internal factors. External factors of the organization
includes things such as the industry the organization competes in, the political and legal landscape the organization
operates in and the rules they have to play by, and the communities they operate in.

The steps for conducting an external analysis are much the same as an internal analysis:
Assessment of tools to use
Research and collect information
Analyse information
Communicate key findings

You'll want to use a tool such as PESTLE or Porter's 5 Forces to help you add some structure to your analysis. We look
at the tools in a little more detail further down this post!

4. Share Key Findings

Once you've gone through the process of researching and analyzing the different elements of your internal and
external surroundings and pulled out key findings, it's important to communicate these findings with your strategy
or management team. Likely, you didn't complete the entire analysis on your own, perhaps you managed the project
of a particular internal analysis, such as the gap analysis, while another team member scanned the external
environment and another completed a value chain analysis. Each team member has a particular piece of
information, but no one has the entire picture.
Setting up a specific location where everyone can access the data should be your first step, but it shouldn't stop
there - a strategy meeting should be held to go through all the key findings everyone has found and ensure all are on
the same page regarding the organization's environment.

WHAT ARE THE STRATEGIC ANALYSIS TOOLS

There are a wealth of strategic analysis tools at your disposal, and in this part we'll show you 8 of the best strategic
analysis tools for your organization. The Strategic Analysis tools include:

1. Gap Analysis
2. VRIO Analysis
3. Four Corners Analysis
4. Value Chain Analysis
5. SWOT Analysis
6. Strategy Evaluation
7. Porter's 5 Forces
8. PESTEL Analysis

A quick note before we keep going - analytical tools rely on historical data and prior situations to infer future
assumptions. With this in mind, caution should always be used when making assumptions based on your strategic
analysis findings.

Gap Analysis
The Gap Analysis is a great internal analysis tool that's helps you identify the gaps in your organization that are
impeding progress towards your objectives and vision. The analysis gives you a process for comparing your
organizations current state to it's desired future state, in order to draw out the current gaps which you can then

Page 14 of 42
create a series of actions for that will bridge the identified gap.
The gap analysis approach to strategic planning is one of the best ways to start thinking about your goals in a
structured and meaningful way. If you're interested in employing this tool, check out the article we recently wrote
which walks you through the entire process and gives you a free template to use.

VRIO Analysis
The VRIO Analysis is an internal analysis tool for identifying organizational resources that may have potential to
create sustainable competitive advantages for the organization. This analysis framework gives you a process for
identifying and categorizing the resources in your organization based on whether they hold certain traits outlined in
the framework. The framework then encourages you to begin thinking about how you can move those resources to
the 'next step' to ultimately develop those resources into competitive advantages.

Four Corners Analysis

Another internal analysis tool is the Four Corners Analysis which focuses on core competencies of the organization,
however what differentiates this tool from the others is its focus on the long term, rather than short. To clarify, most
of the other tools are evaluating the current state of an entity yet, the four corners analysis asses the company’s
future strategy which is more precise because it makes the corporation one step ahead of its competitors. By using
the four corners, you will know your competitors’ motivation and consequently their current strategies that are
powered by their capabilities. This analysis will aid you in formulating the company’s trend or predictive course of
action.

Value Chain Analysis

Similar to VRIO, the Value Chain Analysis is a great tool to identify and help establish competitive advantage for the
organization. The analysis achieves this through examining the range of activities in the business, to gain an
understanding of the value each activity brings to the final product or service.
The concept of the analysis is that each activity should directly or indirectly add value to the final product/service
and if you are operating efficiently should you be able to sell for more than the total cost of adding that value.
Hubspot have put together a pretty solid guide to Value Chain Analysis, so if you want to conduct one for your
organization or even just learn a little more about it, this is the article to check out.

SWOT
A SWOT analysis is a simple yet effective way of conducting a strategic analysis. It covers both the internal and
external perspectives for business.
When using SWOT, one thing to keep in mind is the importance of using specific and verifiable statements,
otherwise when it comes to actually applying that information found in the strategic analysis to inform strategic
decisions, it risks people relying on vague information.

Strategy evaluation
Generally, every company will have a previous strategy that needs to be taken into consideration during a strategic
analysis. Unless you're a brand new start-up, there will be some form of strategy in the company, whether explicit or
implicit. This is where a strategy evaluation comes into play. Previous strategy shouldn't be disregarded or
abandoned, even if you feel like it wasn't the right direction or course of action, it's still important to analyse why a
certain direction or course of action was decided upon.
A Strategic Evaluation should look into the strategy previously or currently implemented throughout the
organization and should identify what went well, what didn't go so well, what should not have been there, and what
could be improved upon. This is a very basic description of what's involved in a strategic analysis because we've
already written a detailed guide on how to conduct a Strategy Evaluation.

Porter's 5 Forces
Supplementing an internal analysis should always be an analysis of the external environment and Porter's 5 Forces is
a great tool to help you achieve your external scan. Porter's 5 forces will help you get a picture of the current market
your organization is playing in by answering questions such as - why does my industry look the way it does today?

Page 15 of 42
What forces beyond competition shape my industry? Where can I find a position amongst my competitors that is
profitable and difficult to replicate?
With the answer to the above questions, you'll be able to start drafting a strategy to ensure your organization can
find a profitable position in the industry. Check out our Porter's 5 Forces Guide to help you find your strategy focus.

PESTEL Analysis
As mentioned above, external analysis tools are critical to your strategic analysis, as the environment your
organization operates in will heavily impact your organizations success. PESTEL analysis is one of the best external
analysis tools you can use due to its broad nature. The name PESTEL is an acronym for the elements that make up
the framework which include the following:
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Environmental
Legal

Basically, the premise of the analysis is to scan each of the elements above, to understand the current status and
how they can potentially impact your industry and organization - giving extra focus to certain elements that may
have a larger ranging impact on your organization. PESTEL will then give you a birds eye view of the entire
environment.

These 8 tools are our top picks for giving you a helping hand through your strategic analysis, however they're by no
means the whole spectrum. There are many other frameworks and tools out there they could be useful and provide
value to your process, so don't let this list be your be all and end all.

WHAT DOES INTUITIVE THINKING MEAN?

Intuitive thinking is a feeling (a sense) that doesn't use rational processes such as facts and data. Good intuition
comes from years of knowledge and experience that allows you to understand how people and the world works.
Many situations are intuitive.

Intuitive thinking has contrasting qualities: it is unfocused, nonlinear, contains “no time,” sees many
things at once, views the big picture, contains perspective, is heart centered, oriented in space and
time, and tends to the real or concrete. Intuition comes into its own where analytical thinking is
inadequate: under time pressure, where conditions are dynamic, where the differentiation between
observer and observed is unclear. it works best where the observer has experience in the particular
situation, is difficult to teach in the classroom, eschews seeking the ‘best’ option in favor of the
‘workable,’ and is prepared to act on feelings or hunches where explanations are either not required
or there is no time for them. Intuition is experience translated by expertise to produce rapid action.

The study of intuition, the ability to directly and immediately perceive a fact without resorting to the traditional act
of reasoning through supportive evidence, is as old as human civilization itself. Yet, it remains one of the most
misunderstood concepts around.

Many people associate intuition with the caricature of the fairground fortune teller, sitting at her table adorned with
mysterious trinkets. Cackling, she lays out a vague, unverifiable tale of the future. Subsequently, pocketing the
gullible victim’s money. However, the negative connotation associated with the word intuition is a misnomer.
Most families have tales of that one aunt or uncle with an uncanny ability foretell a tragedy. But, these stories are
often shared with a solid dose of skepticism. Almost as if there had to be an explanation other than pure intuition.
On the other hand, philosophers, psychologists, and scientists have studied this seemingly magical human ability for
centuries, and their findings show that intuition is both very real and far more commonly experienced than most
people think.
Page 16 of 42
The Greek philosopher Plato convincingly argued that our very concept of the truth, that ineffable feeling when we
simply know in the pit of our stomachs that something is right, stems from intuition and that it forms the basis of all
knowledge.

Perception via the Unconscious

This concept has been developed and examined by philosophers throughout the ages and was taken up
enthusiastically by the early proponents of psychology. Carl Jung defined intuition as “perception via the
unconscious”. That is to say, using sense-perception only as a starting point, to bring forth ideas, images,
possibilities, ways out of a blocked situation, by a process that is mostly unconscious.

But, it is in the field of quantum theory and modern psychological study that intuition found it’s natural home and
some of its greatest proponents. Gerd Gigerenzer is a director at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
He claims that the trick is not to amass information but to intuitively discard it. In other words, to know intuitively
what one doesn’t need to know.

Gigerenzer claims that only by ignoring the toil of pros-and-cons lists can we ‘hone the cognitive, emotional, and
social repertoire we’ve evolved over the millennia.’ In a New York Times interview, Gigerenzer stated “My research
indicates that gut feelings are based on simple rules of thumb, what we psychologists term “heuristics.” These take
advantage of certain capacities of the brain that have come down to us through time, experience and evolution. Gut
instincts often rely on simple cues in the environment. In most situations, when people use their instincts, they are
heeding these cues and ignoring other unnecessary information.”

Gigerenzer states that, in Western society, in particular, we have been conditioned to believe that intuitive thinking
is somehow wrong and inferior to the accepted rational method of painstakingly gathering and weighing the
evidence. While the latter method obviously has its place, intuitive thinking is absolutely vital in situations where
quick decisions are needed. When a person uses the instinctual rule of thumb “go with your first best feeling and
ignore everything else,” it can permit them to outperform the most complex calculations.

He also showed how people working in stock markets used intuition when deciding their stock strategies. They often
rationalized their decisions after the fact, as bias against intuitive decision making seems particularly strong in this
field.

So it stands to reason that developing one’s ability to make intuitive decisions is of the utmost importance. It starts
with embracing the fact that intuition is not a myth, but a scientific fact, and then recognizing the benefits of using
‘the highest form of intelligence’.

A program like the one offered by Synctuition, which combines meditation, aural and neurological stimulation and
self-discovery while using cutting edge modern technology, has been proven to assist in the development of intuitive
thinking.

“It is through science that we prove, but through intuition that we discover.” – Henri Poincare

“Intuition enlightens and so links up with pure thought. They together become an intelligence which is not simply of
the brain, which does not calculate, but feels and thinks.” – Piet Mondrian

“There is no logical way to the discovery of these elemental laws. There is only the way of intuition, which is helped
by a feeling for the order lying behind the appearance.” – Albert Einstein

FOUR-STEP PROCESS
1. understanding: the thorough understanding the organisation’s mission, vision, values,andgoals;
2.analysing: the analysis of the organization’s facility needs;

Page 17 of 42
3. planning: the development of strategies that meet long-term needs of the organization;
4. acting: the implementation of planned strategies. As SFP merges with strategic policy
objectives of each particular sector or organization, alignment among stakeholders is critical for
successful partnerships. in this regard, there is a transcendence away from a one directional
purchaser-supplier association to a more integrated and cooperative relationship.

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS Use plain short bond paper
Journal writing:
A. Answer the following question.
1. What important learning have I learned this week?
2. How can I apply these learnings to my everyday life?

B. True/ False:
Identify if the statement is true or False. If False, replace it with correct answer. Copy and answer.
______1. Strategic Analytical thinking involves a logical and step-by-step process of decision-making.
______2. Being emotional is a characteristic of a strategic-analytical person.
______3. Strategic Analysis requires an individual’s capacity for abstract thinking.

STUDENT’S INSIGHT

REFERENCES
 https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/strategic-analysis
 https://www.facebook.com/100997175028173/posts/subject-trendsnetworks-and-critical-thinking-in-the-
21st-
 https://www.executestrategy.net/blog/strategic-analysis
 https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/profiting-from-market/9781118727003/OEBPS/
9781118727003_epub_ch_01.htm
 https://synctuition.com/blog/science-supporting-intuitive-thinking/

Teacher’s Remark  Complete  Incomplete  Redo  For Consultation

Subject Week No.

Computer Site Ins. ACTIVITY SHEET Trend, Network and critical
Inc. 3-4
thinking in the 21st century

Page 18 of 42
 Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Understanding local networks

DIRECTIONS
A. Create a short skit through a video on a particular problem in the unit and use Strategic analysis in
solving the problem.

TASKS
A.
1. Economic
2. Socio-cultural
3. Kinship Ties/Family
REMINDER: Submit the video through messenger

B. Discuss in an essay type the strategic analytical and Intuitive thinking. Which is more beneficial? And Why?

C. Explain whether you consider yourself strategic analytical or intuitive thinker.

Reminder: Use plain short bond paper for B and C activity.

RUBRIC

Page 19 of 42
 Subject Week No.
Computer Site Ins. INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE
Trend, Network and critical
Inc. (ISG) 5-6
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Global Networks

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this ISG, I will learn to:
1. Give examples of various activities in one’s daily life that show the concrete effects of globalization;
2. Explain the comprehensive effects of globalization;
3. write a reflection paper on the effects of labor migration to community.

INTRODUCTION
A new global network for high-resolution Hα full disk observations of the Sun has been established at Big Bear Solar

Observatory (BBSO), Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory (KSO) in Austria, and Yunnan Astronomical Observatory (YNAO)

in China (Steinegger et al., 2000). Each of the three stations have ~2048 × 2048 pixel CCD cameras to monitor the

Sun with a image scale of 1” and a cadence of at least one image per minute. In the case of rapid solar activity

change, this cadence can be increased to several images per minute. BBSO has a long tradition in obtaining synoptic

full-disk observations of the Sun in Hα (Denker et al., 1999). The same applies to KSO, where high-cadence full-disk

Hα data have been obtained for more than 25 years (Otruba et al., 1999).

Page 20 of 42
DISCUSSION

GLOBAL NETWORKS

Global Networks
Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital,
technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and
increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

Globalization – is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products,
ideas, and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation (such as the steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine,
and container ships) and in telecommunications infrastructure (including the rise of the telegraph and its modern
offspring, the Internet and mobile phones) have been major factors in globalization, generating further
interdependence of economic and cultural activities. Though many scholars place the origins of globalization in
modern times, others trace its history long before the European Age of Discovery and voyages to the New World,

An Official Definition of Globalization by the World Health Organization (WHO)

According to WHO, globalization can be defined as ” the increased interconnectedness and interdependence of
peoples and countries. It is generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the opening of international
borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and
policies at national and international levels that facilitate or promote such flows.”
What Is Globalization in the Economy?
According to the Committee for Development Policy (a subsidiary body of the United Nations), from an economic
point of view, globalization can be defined as:
“(…) the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-border trade of
commodities and services, the flow of international capital and the wide and rapid spread of technologies. It reflects
the continuing expansion and mutual integration of market frontiers (…) and the rapid growing significance of
information in all types of productive activities and marketization are the two major driving forces for economic
globalization.”
What Is Globalization in Geography?
In geography, globalization is defined as the set of processes (economic, social, cultural, technological, institutional)
that contribute to the relationship between societies and individuals around the world. It is a progressive process by
which exchanges and flows between different parts of the world are intensified.
How Do We Make Globalization More Just?
The ability of countries to rise above narrow self-interest has brought unprecedented economic wealth and plenty of
applicable scientific progress. However, for different reasons, not everyone has been benefiting the same from
globalization and technological change: wealth is unfairly distributed and economic growth came at huge
environmental costs. How can countries rise above narrow self-interest and act together or designing fairer societies
and a healthier planet? How do we make globalization more just?

According to Christine Lagarde, former President of the International Monetary Fund, “debates about trade and
access to foreign goods are as old as society itself ” and history tells us that closing borders or protectionism policies
are not the way to go, as many countries doing it have failed.
Lagarde defends we should pursue globalization policies that extend the benefits of openness and integration while
alleviating their side effects. How to make globalization more just is a very complex question that involves
redesigning economic systems. But how? That’s the question.
Globalization is deeply connected with economic systems and markets, which, on their turn, impact and are
impacted by social issues, cultural factors that are hard to overcome, regional specificities, timings of action and
collaborative networks. All of this requires, on one hand, global consensus and cooperation, and on the other,
country-specific solutions, apart from a good definition of the adjective “just”
Examples of Globalization (Concept Map)

Because of trade developments and financial exchanges, we often think of globalization as an economic and financial
phenomenon. Nonetheless, it includes a much wider field than just flowing of goods, services or capital. Often
Page 21 of 42
referred to as the globalization concept map, some examples of globalization are:

Economic globalization: is the development of trade systems within transnational actors such as corporations or
NGOs;

Financial globalization: can be linked with the rise of a global financial system with international financial exchanges
and monetary exchanges. Stock markets, for instance, are a great example of the financially connected global world
since when one stock market has a decline, it affects other markets negatively as well as the economy as a whole.

Cultural globalization: refers to the interpenetration of cultures which, as a consequence, means nations adopt
principles, beliefs, and costumes of other nations, losing their unique culture to a unique, globalized supra-culture;
Political globalization: the development and growing influence of international organizations such as
the UN or WHO means governmental action takes place at an international level. There are other bodies operating a
global level such as NGOs like Doctors without borders or Oxfam;

Sociological globalization: information moves almost in real-time, together with the interconnection and
interdependence of events and their consequences. People move all the time too, mixing and integrating different
societies;

Technological globalization: the phenomenon by which millions of people are interconnected thanks to the power
of the digital world via platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Skype or Youtube.
Geographic globalization: is the new organization and hierarchy of different regions of the world that is constantly
changing. Moreover, with transportation and flying made so easy and affordable, apart from a few countries with
demanding visas, it is possible to travel the world without barely any restrictions;

Ecological globalization: accounts for the idea of considering planet Earth as a single global entity – a common good
all societies should protect since the weather affects everyone and we are all protected by the same atmosphere. To
this regard, it is often said that the poorest countries that have been polluting the least will suffer the most from
climate change.

The Benefits of Globalization

Globalization has benefits that cover many different areas.

 It reciprocally developed economies all over the world and increased cultural exchanges.
 It also allowed financial exchanges between companies, changing the paradigm of work.
 Many people are nowadays citizens of the world.
 The origin of goods became secondary and geographic distance is no longer a barrier for many services to
happen.

The Engine of Globalization – An Economic Example

The most visible impacts of globalization are definitely the ones affecting the economic world. Globalization has led
to a sharp increase in trade and economic exchanges, but also to a multiplication of financial exchanges.
In the 1970s world economies opened up and the development of free trade policies accelerated the globalization
phenomenon. Between 1950 and 2010, world exports increased 33-fold. This significantly contributed to increasing
the interactions between different regions of the world.

This acceleration of economic exchanges has led to strong global economic growth. It fostered as well a rapid global
industrial development that allowed the rapid development of many of the technologies and commodities we have
available nowadays.
Knowledge became easily shared and international cooperation among the brightest minds speeded things up.
According to some analysts, globalization has also contributed to improving global economic conditions, creating
much economic wealth (thas was, nevertheless, unequally distributed – more information ahead).

Page 22 of 42
Globalization Benefits – A Financial Example

At the same time, finance also became globalized. From the 1980s, driven by neo-liberal policies, the world of
finance gradually opened. Many states, particularly the US under Ronald Reagan and the UK under Margaret
Thatcher introduced the famous “3D Policy”: Disintermediation, Decommissioning, Deregulation.
The idea was to simplify finance regulations, eliminate mediators and break down the barriers between the world’s
financial centers. And the goal was to make it easier to exchange capital between the world’s financial players. This
financial globalization has contributed to the rise of a global financial market in which contracts and capital
exchanges have multiplied.

Globalization – A Cultural Example

Together with economic and financial globalization, there has obviously also been cultural globalization. Indeed, the
multiplication of economic and financial exchanges has been followed by an increase in human exchanges such as
migration, expatriation or traveling. These human exchanges have contributed to the development of cultural
exchanges. This means that different customs and habits shared among local communities have been shared among
communities that (used to) have different procedures and even different beliefs.
Good examples of cultural globalization are, for instance, the trading of commodities such as coffee or
avocados. Coffee is said to be originally from Ethiopia and consumed in the Arabid region. Nonetheless, due to
commercial trades after the 11th century, it is nowadays known as a globally consumed commodity. Avocados, for
instance, grown mostly under the tropical temperatures of Mexico, the Dominican Republic or Peru. They started by
being produced in small quantities to supply the local populations but today guacamole or avocado toasts are
common in meals all over the world.
At the same time, books, movies, and music are now instantaneously available all around the world thanks to the
development of the digital world and the power of the internet. These are perhaps the greatest contributors to the
speed at which cultural exchanges and globalization are happening. There are also other examples of globalization
regarding traditions like Black Friday in the US, the Brazilian Carnival or the Indian Holi Festival. They all were
originally created following their countries’ local traditions and beliefs but as the world got to know them, they are
now common traditions in other countries too.

Labor is the amount of physical, mental, and social effort used to produce goods and services in an economy. It
supplies the expertise, manpower, and service needed to turn raw materials into finished products and services.

In return, laborers receive a wage to buy the goods and services they don't produce themselves. Those without
desired skills or abilities often don't even get paid a living wage. Many countries have a minimum wage to make sure
their workers earn enough to cover the costs of living.

Labor is one of the four factors of production that drive supply. The other three are:

1. Land. This is short for the natural resources or raw materials in an economy.
2. Capital. This is an abbreviation of the capital goods, such as machinery, equipment, and chemicals that are
used in production.

Page 23 of 42
 3. Entrepreneurship. This is the drive to profit from innovation.1

In a market economy, companies use these components of supply to meet consumer demand.

The economy runs most efficiently when all members are working at a job that uses their best skills. It also helps
when they are paid according to the value of the work produced. The ongoing drive to find the best match between
skills, jobs, and pay keeps the supply of labor very dynamic. For this reason, there's always some level of natural
unemployment.2 For example, frictional unemployment allows workers the freedom to quit a job in search of a
better one.3

How Labor Is Measured

Labor is measured by the labor force or labor pool.4 To be considered part of the labor force, you must be available,
willing to work, and have looked for work recently. The size of the labor force depends not only on the number of
adults but also how likely they feel they can get a job. It is the number of people in a country who are employed plus
the unemployed.5

Not everyone who is jobless is automatically counted as unemployed. Many are jobless by choice and aren't looking
for work. Examples include stay-at-home moms, retired seniors, and students. Others have given up looking for
work. These are discouraged workers.

The real unemployment rate measures everyone who would like a full-time job.6 It includes the discouraged
workers. It also includes those who are working part-time only because they can't get a full-time job. It's called the
real unemployment rate because it gives a broader measure unemployment.

The labor force is used to help determine the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate formula is the number of
unemployed divided by the labor force. It tells you how many people in the labor force are jobless but are actively
looking for work.

The labor pool shrinks during and after a recession. Even though many would like a job, they aren't looking for work.
They aren't counted in the labor force.

The labor force participation rate is the labor force divided by the civilian non-institutionalized population. It tells you
how many people are available and looking for work.

The amount of goods and services that the labor force creates is called productivity. If a certain amount of labor and
a fixed amount of capital creates a lot, that's high productivity. The higher the productivity, the greater the profit.
High productivity gives the worker, company, industry, or country a competitive advantage.

Types of Labor
Labor can be categorized in many different ways. First is the skill level.7 The most basic is unskilled labor that does
not require training. Although it's usually manual labor such as farm workers, it can also be service work, such as
janitorial.

The next is semi-skilled labor that requires some education or training. An example is manufacturing jobs.

Labor is also categorized by the nature of the relationship with the employer. 8 Most workers are wage employees.9
This means they are supervised by a boss. They also receive a set weekly or bi-weekly wage as well as benefits.

Contract labor is when a contract specifies the work to be produced. It’s up to the worker to define how it gets
done.1 0 The amount paid is either commission or a set fee for the work. Benefits are not paid.

A third type is slave labor. This is illegal. That's when the worker is forced to work for little more than room and
board. Child labor is another form of slave labor. Children don't really have the ability to make a free choice as to

Page 24 of 42
whether they will work.

Migration

Since the earliest times, humanity has been on the move. Some people move in search of work or economic
opportunities, to join family, or to study. Others move to escape conflict, persecution, terrorism, or human rights
violations. Still others move in response to the adverse effects of climate change, natural disasters, or other
environmental factors.

Today, more people than ever live in a country other than the one in which they were born. In 2019, the number of
migrants globally reached an estimated 272 million, 51 million more than in 2010. International migrants comprise
3.5 per cent of the global population. Compared to 2.8 per cent in 2000 and 2.3 per cent in 1980, the proportion of
international migrants in the world population has also risen.

While many individuals migrate out of choice, many others migrate out of necessity. The number of globally forcibly
displaced people topped 70 million for the first time in UNHCR's almost 70 year history at the end of 2018. This
number includes almost 26 million refugees, 3.5 million asylum seekers, and over 41 million internally displaced
persons.

GLOBAL MIGRATION
a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially in order to find work: Most global migration is
from developing countries to developed ones. global migration patterns.

(Types of Migration)

Internal migration.
This refers to a change of residence within national boundaries, such as between states, provinces, cities, or
municipalities. An internal migrant is someone who moves to a different administrative territory.

International migration.
This refers to change of residence over national boundaries. An international migrant is someone who moves to a
different country.
Who is a migrant?
The UN Migration Agency (IOM) defines a migrant as any person who is moving or has moved across an international
border or within a State away from his/her habitual place of residence, regardless of (1) the person’s legal status; (2)
whether the movement is voluntary or involuntary; (3) what the causes for the movement are; or (4) what the length
of the stay is.

Migrants and the SDGs

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes for the first time the contribution of migration to
sustainable development. 11 out of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contain targets and indicators
relevant to migration or mobility. The Agenda's core principle is to "leave no one behind," not even migrants.
The SDGs’ central reference to migration is made in target 10.7: to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible
migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration
policies. Other targets directly related to migration mention trafficking, remittances, international student mobility
and more. Moreover, migration is indirectly relevant to many more cross-cutting targets.

Page 25 of 42
The International Organization for Migration (IOM)
Established in 1951, IOM is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration. IOM works to
ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration
issues, to assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems and to provide humanitarian assistance to
migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people. In 2016, IOM entered into an agreement with
the United Nations (A/70/976), becoming one of its specialized agencies.
To promote diversity and inclusion of migrants in society, IOM has developed the platform ‘i am a migrant,’ which
features first-hand accounts from individuals, providing insights into the experiences of migrants of all backgrounds
and throughout their migratory journeys.

Data on migration
In 2019, the number of international migrants worldwide – people residing in a country other than their country of
birth – reached 272 million (from 258 million in 2017). Female migrants constituted 48 per cent of this international
migrant stock. There are an estimated 38 million migrant children, three out of four international migrants are of
working age, meaning between 20 and 64 years old. 164 million are migrant workers. Approximately 31% of the
international migrants worldwide reside in Asia, 30% in Europe, 26% in the Americas, 10% in Africa and 3% in
Oceania [Source: Global Migration Data Portal].

It can be a challenge to make sense of available migration data, as this is often scattered across different
organisations and agencies, and not easily comparable. IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre runs the Global
Migration Data Portal, which serves as a unique access point to timely, comprehensive migration statistics and
reliable information about migration data globally. The site presents migration data from diverse sources and aims to
help policy makers, national statistical officers, journalists and the general public interested in migration to navigate
the increasingly complex landscape of migration data.

Global Action
Large-scale movements of refugees and migrants affect all UN Member States and they require closer cooperation
and responsibility-sharing. In 2016, the UN General Assembly convened a high-level plenary meeting on addressing
large movements of refugees and migrants. The UN Secretary-General prepared the report 'In Safety and Dignity:
Addressing Large Movements of Refugees and Migrants' (A/70/59) with recommendations on the issue.

UN member states adopted a set of commitments, known as the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants
(A/RES/71/1), in which the recognize the need for a comprehensive approach to migration. The New York
Declaration acknowledges the positive contribution of migrants to sustainable and inclusive development, and
commits to protecting the safety, dignity and human rights and fundamental freedoms of all migrants, regardless of
their migratory status.

In March 2017, the UN Secretary-General appointed Louise Arbour of Canada as his Special Representative for
International Migration to lead the follow-up to the migration-related aspects of the High-Level Summit.

As a result of the New York Declaration, UN Member States agreed to work together to develop the Global Compact
for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, adopted at an intergovernmental conference on international migration in
December 2018 in Morocco. The GCM covers diverse issues such as strengthening labour rights for migrant workers,
improving migration data as a basis for evidence-based policies, saving lives and establishing international efforts on
Page 26 of 42
missing migrants, and many others. The implementation of the GCM will represent progress in governing migration
in a way that increases its benefits for individuals, communities and countries, and reduces its risks for all.

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS:

A. Write Yes if the statement shows effect of globalization and No if not.

___1. Internet Surfing
___2. Extracting money from the ATM
___3. Playing Piko
___4. Walking to school
___5. Recording a Role Play using cellphone.

B. Through a drawing, show the interconnection of people and nation.

Reminder: Use plain short bond paper

STUDENT’S INSIGHT

REFERENCES
 https://www.thebalance.com/labor-definition-types-and-how-it-affects-the-economy-3305859
 https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-globalization-definition-benefits-effects-examples/
 https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/migration/index.html

Teacher’s Remark  Complete  Incomplete  Redo  For Consultation

Page 27 of 42
 Subject Week No.
Computer Site Ins. ACTIVITY SHEET Trend, Network and critical
Inc. 5-6
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Global Networks

DIRECTIONS

TASKS
A. Choose at least two (2) countries and research about their status. Present a newscast simulation reporting
about the progress of the countries you have selected focusing on the positive effects of globalization.

Reminder: Submit the simulation through messenger

B. Concept Map
Make a concept map showing the comprehensive effects of globalization; economic, social, and political.

Reminder: Use plain short bond paper

RUBRIC

Page 28 of 42
 Week
Subject
No.
INDEPENDENT STUDY GUIDE
Computer Site Ins. Inc.
(ISG) Trend, Network and critical
7-8
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Planetary networks: Climate change

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this ISG, I will learn to:
1. Identify the causes and effects of climate change
2. Explain the effects of consumption and production patterns that contribute to the problem of climate
change;
3. Explain and illustrate personal contributions that can actually solve the problem of climate change;
4. Make a stand and how the consequences of one’s action affect the lives of others and the environment.
5. Present editorial cartoon showing activities that exemplify care for the environment.

INTRODUCTION
The planetary network is a network that provides light, love and care for our planet as a global citizen. Planetary
Network helps in transforming the physical climate of the planet, reorientating humanity to good attitudes and
values towards Mother Earth.

Global Warming is also called as Climate Change. It is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to
effect of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels or from deforestation, which
trap heat that would otherwise escape from Earth.

Global climate change has already had observable effects on the environment. Glaciers have shrunk, ice on rivers
and lakes is breaking up earlier, plant and animal ranges have shifted and trees are flowering sooner.

Effects that scientists had predicted in the past would result from global climate change are now occurring: loss of
sea ice, accelerated sea level rise and longer, more intense heat waves.

DISCUSSION
Planetary networks: Climate Change
What is climate change?

The term climate refers to the general weather conditions of a place over many years. In the United States, for
example, Maine’s climate is cold and snowy in winter while South Florida’s is tropical year-round. Climate change is a
significant variation of average weather conditions—say, conditions becoming warmer, wetter, or drier—over

Page 29 of 42
several decades or more. It’s that longer-term trend that differentiates climate change from natural weather
variability. And while “climate change” and “global warming” are often used interchangeably, global warming—the
recent rise in the global average temperature near the earth’s surface—is just one aspect of climate change.
How is climate change measured over time?

Earth-orbiting satellites, remote meteorological stations, and ocean buoys are used to monitor present-day weather
and climate, but it’s paleoclimatology data from natural sources like ice cores, tree rings, corals, and ocean and lake
sediments that have enabled scientists to extend the earth’s climatic records back millions of years. These records
provide a comprehensive look at the long-term changes in the earth’s atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and
cryosphere (frozen water systems). Scientists then feed this data into sophisticated climate models that predict
future climate trends—with impressive accuracy.

What causes climate change?

The mechanics of the earth’s climate system are simple. When energy from the sun is reflected off the earth and
back into space (mostly by clouds and ice), or when the earth’s atmosphere releases energy, the planet cools. When
the earth absorbs the sun’s energy, or when atmospheric gases prevent heat released by the earth from radiating
into space (the greenhouse effect), the planet warms. A variety of factors, both natural and human, can influence the
earth’s climate system.

Natural causes of climate change

As we all know, the earth has gone through warm and cool phases in the past, and long before humans were around.
Forces that contribute to climate change include the sun’s intensity, volcanic eruptions, and changes in naturally
occurring greenhouse gas concentrations. But records indicate that today’s climatic warming—particularly the
warming since the mid-20th century—is occurring much faster than ever before and can’t be explained by natural
causes alone. According to NASA, “These natural causes are still in play today, but their influence is too small or they
occur too slowly to explain the rapid warming seen in recent decades.”

Anthropogenic causes of climate change

Humans—more specifically, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions we generate—are the leading cause of the earth’s
rapidly changing climate. Greenhouse gases play an important role in keeping the planet warm enough to inhabit.
But the amount of these gases in our atmosphere has skyrocketed in recent decades. According to the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides
“have increased to levels unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years.” Indeed, the atmosphere’s share of
carbon dioxide—the planet’s chief climate change contributor—has risen by 40 percent since preindustrial times.

A waterfront factory pumping out clouds of smoke

The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas for electricity, heat, and transportation is the primary source of
human-generated emissions. A second major source is deforestation, which releases sequestered carbon into the
air. It’s estimated that logging, clear-cutting, fires, and other forms of forest degradation contribute up to 20 percent
of global carbon emissions. Other human activities that generate air pollution include fertilizer use (a primary source
of nitrous oxide emissions), livestock production (cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats are major methane emitters), and
certain industrial processes that release fluorinated gases. Activities like agriculture and road construction can
change the reflectivity of the earth’s surface, leading to local warming or cooling, too.
Though our planet’s forests and oceans absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and
other processes, these natural carbon sinks can’t keep up with our rising emissions. The resulting buildup of
Page 30 of 42
greenhouse gases is causing alarmingly fast warming worldwide. It’s estimated that the earth’s average temperature
rose by about 1 degree Fahrenheit during the 20th century. If that doesn’t sound like much, consider this: When the
last ice age ended and the northeastern United States was covered by more than 3,000 feet of ice, average
temperatures were just 5 to 9 degrees cooler than they are now.
The effects of global climate change

According to the World Economic Forum’s 2016 Global Risks Report, the failure to mitigate and adapt to climate
change will be “the most impactful risk” facing communities worldwide in the coming decade—ahead even of
weapons of mass destruction and water crises. Blame its cascading effects: As climate change transforms global
ecosystems, it affects everything from the places we live to the water we drink to the air we breathe.

Extreme weather

A view of the Seine river flood in Paris near Bir-Hakeim bridge, which reached a 30-year high in June 2016
Shutterstock
As the earth’s atmosphere heats up, it collects, retains, and drops more water, changing weather patterns and
making wet areas wetter and dry areas drier. Higher temperatures worsen and increase the frequency of many types
of disasters, including storms, floods, heat waves, and droughts. These events can have devastating and costly
consequences, jeopardizing access to clean drinking water, fueling out-of-control wildfires, damaging property,
creating hazardous-material spills, polluting the air, and leading to loss of life.

Dirty air

Smog in Turin, Italy

Mike Dotta/Shutterstock
Air pollution and climate change are inextricably linked, with one exacerbating the other. When the earth’s
temperatures rise, not only does our air gets dirtier—with smog and soot levels going up—but there are also more
allergenic air pollutants such as circulating mold (thanks to damp conditions from extreme weather and more floods)
and pollen (due to longer, stronger pollen seasons).

Health risks

Page 31 of 42
The Aedes mosquito can spread serious diseases such as dengue fever, yellow fever, and the Zika virus.
U.S. Air Force/Master Sgt. Brian Ferguson
According to the World Health Organization, “climate change is expected to cause approximately 250,000 additional
deaths per year” between 2030 and 2050. As global temperatures rise, so do the number of fatalities and
illnesses from heat stress, heatstroke, and cardiovascular and kidney disease. As air pollution worsens, so does
respiratory health—particularly for the 300 million people living with asthma worldwide; there’s more airborne
pollen and mold to torment hay fever and allergy sufferers, too. Extreme weather events, such as severe storms and
flooding, can lead to injury, drinking water contamination, and storm damage that may compromise basic
infrastructure or lead to community displacement. Indeed, historical models suggest the likelihood of being
displaced by a disaster is now 60 percent higher than it was four decades ago—and the largest increases in
displacement are driven by weather- and climate-related events. (It’s worth noting that displacement comes with its
own health threats, such as increases in urban crowding, trauma, social unrest, lack of clean water, and transmission
of infectious diseases.) A warmer, wetter world is also a boon for insect-borne diseases such as dengue fever, West
Nile virus, and Lyme disease

Rising seas

Aerial of the Marshall Islands landscape, which are feeling the effects of rising sea levels
Erin Magee, DFAT
The Arctic is heating twice as fast as any other place on the planet. As its ice sheets melt into the seas, our oceans
are on track to rise one to four feet higher by 2100, threatening coastal ecosystems and low-lying areas. Island
nations face particular risk, as do some of the world’s largest cities, including New York, Miami, Mumbai, and
Sydney.

Warmer, more acidic oceans

Page 32 of 42
Fish and corals near Limestone Island, Indonesia
iStock
The earth’s oceans absorb between one-quarter and one-third of our fossil fuel emissions and are now 30
percent more acidic than they were in preindustrial times. This acidification poses a serious threat to underwater
life, particularly creatures with calcified shells or skeletons like oysters, clams, and coral. It can have a devastating
impact on shellfisheries, as well as the fish, birds, and mammals that depend on shellfish for sustenance. Rising
ocean temperatures are also altering the range and population of underwater species and contributing to coral
bleaching events capable of killing entire reefs—ecosystems that support more than 25 percent of all marine life.
.Imperiled ecosystems

Two polar bears on a small ice floe

iStock
Climate change is increasing pressure on wildlife to adapt to changing habitats—and fast. Many species are seeking
out cooler climates and higher altitudes, altering seasonal behaviors, and adjusting traditional migration patterns.
These shifts can fundamentally transform entire ecosystems and the intricate webs of life that depend on them. As a
result, according to a 2014 IPCC climate change report, many species now face “increased extinction risk due to
climate change.” And one 2015 study showed that mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, and other vertebrate species are
disappearing 114 times faster than they should be, a phenomenon that has been linked to climate change, pollution,
and deforestation—all interconnected threats. On the flip side, milder winters and longer summers have enabled
some species to thrive, including tree-killing insects that are endangering entire forests.

Climate change facts

Despite what climate deniers and fossil fuel lackeys claim—for instance, that the science on global warming is “far
from settled”—there’s nothing to debate; climate change is a reality. In its most recent report, the IPCC—the
foremost international scientific body for the assessment of climate change—states, “Warming of the climate system
is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.
The atmosphere and ocean have warmed, the amounts of snow and ice have diminished, and sea level has risen.”
Our last decade—2000 to 2009—was hotter than any other decade in at least the past 1,300 years. Analyses indicate
that 2016 was the hottest year on record. The previous record year was 2015. Before that, 2014.
The responsibility to reverse this worrying trend lies with us. At least 97 percent of actively publishing climate
scientists endorse the consensus position that humans are the lead drivers of climate change. As the IPCC states with
its highest degree of confidence, “It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average
surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in GHG concentrations and other
anthropogenic forcings together.”

Change will continue through this century and beyond

Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond.
Global climate is projected to continue to change over this century and beyond. The magnitude of climate change
beyond the next few decades depends primarily on the amount of heat-trapping gases emitted globally, and how
sensitive the Earth’s climate is to those emissions.

Temperatures will continue to rise

Because human-induced warming is superimposed on a naturally varying climate, the temperature rise has not been,

Page 33 of 42
and will not be, uniform or smooth across the country or over time.
Because human-induced warming is superimposed on a naturally varying climate, the temperature rise has not been,
and will not be, uniform or smooth across the country or over time.

Frost-free season (and growing season) will lengthen.

The length of the frost-free season (and the corresponding growing season) has been increasing nationally since the
1980s, with the largest increases occurring in the western United States, affecting ecosystems and agriculture

The length of the frost-free season (and the corresponding growing season) has been increasing nationally since the
1980s, with the largest increases occurring in the western United States, affecting ecosystems and agriculture.
Across the United States, the growing season is projected to continue to lengthen.

In a future in which heat-trapping gas emissions continue to grow, increases of a month or more in the lengths of the
frost-free and growing seasons are projected across most of the U.S. by the end of the century, with slightly smaller
increases in the northern Great Plains. The largest increases in the frost-free season (more than eight weeks) are
projected for the western U.S., particularly in high elevation and coastal areas. The increases will be considerably
smaller if heat-trapping gas emissions are reduced.

Changes in precipitation patterns

Average U.S. precipitation has increased since 1900, but some areas have had increases greater than the national
average, and some areas have had decreases
Average U.S. precipitation has increased since 1900, but some areas have had increases greater than the national
average, and some areas have had decreases. More winter and spring precipitation is projected for the northern
United States, and less for the Southwest, over this century.

Projections of future climate over the U.S. suggest that the recent trend towards increased heavy precipitation
events will continue. This trend is projected to occur even in regions where total precipitation is expected to
decrease, such as the Southwest.

More droughts and heat waves

Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) everywhere
are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less intense everywhere.

Droughts in the Southwest and heat waves (periods of abnormally hot weather lasting days to weeks) everywhere
are projected to become more intense, and cold waves less intense everywhere.

Summer temperatures are projected to continue rising, and a reduction of soil moisture, which exacerbates heat
waves, is projected for much of the western and central U.S. in summer. By the end of this century, what have been
once-in-20-year extreme heat days (one-day events) are projected to occur every two or three years over most of
the nation.

Hurricanes will become stronger and more intense

The intensity, frequency and duration of North Atlantic hurricanes, as well as the frequency of the strongest
(Category 4 and 5) hurricanes, have all increased since the early 1980s

The intensity, frequency and duration of North Atlantic hurricanes, as well as the frequency of the strongest
(Category 4 and 5) hurricanes, have all increased since the early 1980s. The relative contributions of human and
natural causes to these increases are still uncertain. Hurricane-associated storm intensity and rainfall rates are
projected to increase as the climate continues to warm.

Sea level will rise 1-4 feet by 2100

Page 34 of 42
Global sea level has risen by about 8 inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880. It is projected to rise
another 1 to 4 feet by 2100.

Global sea level has risen by about 8 inches since reliable record keeping began in 1880. It is projected to rise
another 1 to 4 feet by 2100. This is the result of added water from melting land ice and the expansion of seawater as
it warms.

In the next several decades, storm surges and high tides could combine with sea level rise and land subsidence to
further increase flooding in many of these regions. Sea level rise will not stop in 2100 because the oceans take a very
long time to respond to warmer conditions at the Earth’s surface. Ocean waters will therefore continue to warm and
sea level will continue to rise for many centuries at rates equal to or higher than that of the current century.

Arctic likely to become ice-free

The Arctic Ocean is expected to become essentially ice free in summer before mid-century.
The Arctic Ocean is expected to become essentially ice free in summer before mid-century.
Climate change solutions

We can mitigate global climate change and help stem its detrimental impacts, but doing so will require tackling its
root cause: pollution from burning fossil fuels.

Paris climate agreement

At the 2015 Paris Climate Change Conference, nearly every nation on earth committed to actions aimed at shifting
away from dirty fossil fuels and toward cleaner, smarter energy options in order to limit global temperature rise this
century to 2 degrees Celsius—or 1.5 degrees Celsius, if possible.
For its part, the United States—the second-largest contributor to global emissions, after China—pledged to cut its
output by 26 percent to 28 percent (relative to 2005 levels) by 2025. Making good on that pledge, however, will
require the country to fully implement the Clean Power Plan, which establishes the first national limits on carbon
pollution from power plants. We must also move forward with the Obama administration’s Climate Action Plan,
which includes steps to promote renewable energy sources, increase fuel economy standards, prioritize energy
efficiency, and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases beyond carbon, such as methane.
Fast-forward to today, and President Trump has threatened to abandon the Paris climate agreement and to
eliminate “harmful and unnecessary policies such as the Climate Action Plan.” Indeed, his America First Energy
Plan not only promises to shackle the United States to climate-polluting fossil fuels but also ignores the
ongoing clean energy revolution, which is creating millions of jobs and saving billions of dollars through investments
in solar, wind, and other renewable energy resources.
Pulling out of the Paris climate agreement and reneging on our climate commitments will scuttle the United States’
global lead on climate change and put our environment, prosperity, and national security at risk. It will also fly in the
face of the 71 percent of Americans, including 57 percent of Republicans, who support U.S. participation in the
accord. “Americans know that if we retreat from the Paris agreement, we’re retreating from our fundamental
obligation to leave our children a livable planet,” says NRDC President Rhea Suh. We must fight to keep a seat at the
table, and to ensure the Trump administration doesn’t water down the climate commitments to which we agreed.

Climate action at home

Tackling global climate change is a Herculean task, one that depends on international consensus and the efforts of
communities, companies, and individuals alike. To that end, California, Illinois, Iowa, and other states are
championing clean energy industries, such as solar and wind; cities like Philadelphia and New York are taking action
to mitigate climate change and bolster climate resilience; and in November 2016, hundreds of American
companies voiced their support for low-emissions policies and the Paris climate agreement. There are myriad ways
that you can help, too. Picking up the phone to call Congress about environmental policies that matter, supporting
renewable energy projects, and prioritizing fuel and energy efficiency will not only curb individual carbon emissions
but bolster clean alternatives to dirty fossil fuels. We must all step up—and now.

Food and Climate Change

Page 35 of 42
The environmental challenge we are undergoing, and its human roots, concern and affect us all.. –Pope Francis
The term “weather” refers to how the atmosphere behaves in a specific area over a short period of time, usually
hours or days. “Climate” refers to general weather patterns over a broad area for a long period of time. Both
weather and climate account for qualities like temperature, precipitation, and humidity.
The global climate is warming at an unprecedented rate.1 An overwhelming body of evidence suggests global
temperatures will continue to rise, and that human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and
agriculture are the dominant cause.1,2 These activities release greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, that trap the sun’s heat and warm the atmosphere—hence the name
“greenhouse.” Natural processes also produce GHG emissions; however, these have generally been counterbalanced
by the capacity of trees, soil, oceans, and other sinks (storehouses) to sequester (capture and store) emissions. 3

Climate change is among the greatest threats of our generation—and of generations to come—to public health,
ecosystems, and the economy. The projected impacts of climate change, many of which are already occurring,
include:
 More frequent and intense hurricanes, floods, heat waves, and other extreme weather events
 Increased heat-related deaths
 Food and water shortages
 Forced migration from rising sea levels and natural disasters
 Increased damages from flooding and wildfires

Spreading insect-borne and water-borne diseases4

Scientists and world leaders have called for immediate and dramatic action to reduce GHG emissions, enhance
emissions sinks,2 and prepare for the impacts that are expected to occur.5 The food system is one of the areas where
urgent interventions are needed most.

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURE

Agriculture has always been at the mercy of unpredictable weather, but a rapidly changing climate is making
agriculture an even more vulnerable enterprise. In some regions, warmer temperatures may increase crop yields.
The overall impact of climate change on agriculture, however, is expected to be negative—reducing food supplies
and raising food prices.7 Many regions already suffering from high rates of hunger and food insecurity, including
parts of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, are predicted to experience the greatest declines in food production. 7–
9
Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are also expected to lower levels of zinc, iron, and other
important nutrients in crops.10
With changes in rainfall patterns, farmers face dual threats from flooding and drought. Both extremes can destroy
crops. Flooding washes away fertile topsoil that farmers depend on for productivity, while droughts dry it out,
making it more easily blown or washed away. Higher temperatures increase crops’ water needs, making them even
more vulnerable during dry periods.7
Certain species of weeds, insects, and other pests benefit from higher temperatures and elevated CO 2, increasing
their potential to damage crops and creating financial hardship for farmers. Shifting climates also mean that
agricultural pests can expand to new areas where farmers hadn’t previously dealt with them. 11

Page 36 of 42
With higher temperatures, most of the world’s glaciers have begun to recede—affecting farmers who depend on
glacial melt water for irrigation.1,5 Rising sea levels, meanwhile, heighten flood dangers for coastal farms, and
increase saltwater intrusion into coastal freshwater aquifers—making those water sources too salty for irrigation.12
Climate change is also expected to impact ecosystems and the services they provide to agriculture, such as
pollination and pest control by natural predators. Many wild plant species used in domestic plant breeding,
meanwhile, are threatened by extinction.13

FOOD SYSTEM CONTRIBUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Food system activities, including producing food, transporting it, and storing wasted food in landfills, produce
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that contribute to climate change. Of these sources, livestock production is the
largest, accounting for an estimated 14.5 percent of global GHG emissions from human activities. 6 Meat from
ruminant animals, such as cattle and goats, are particularly emissions-intensive.15
World leaders have agreed that in order to avoid the most catastrophic climate change scenarios, average global
temperature rise must not exceed 2° Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Even if this goal is met, many climate
impacts, such as sea level rise, will likely still continue for centuries.4
Imagine a scenario in 2050 where societies have transitioned away from coal and natural gas to wind, solar, and
other renewable energy sources. In this scenario, public policy and infrastructure investments have made walking,
cycling, and public transit the most accessible and popular forms of transportation. Air travel is used only as a last
resort. In what is otherwise a best-case scenario, if global trends in meat and dairy intake continue, our chances of
staying below the 2° Celsius threshold will still be extremely slim.16 This is why urgent and dramatic reductions in
meat and dairy consumption, alongside reductions in GHG emissions from energy use, transportation, and other
sources, are crucial to avoiding catastrophic climate change. The responsibility for eating lower on the food chain
falls most heavily on countries like the U.S. with the highest per capita consumption of meat and dairy. Changing
diets on an international scale will require more than just educating consumers – national policies will need to shift
in ways that support more plant-centric diets.

SEVEN (7) EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE YOU’RE ALREADY SEEING

Climate change isn’t something that’s happening in 10 or 20 years. It’s happening now. Here are seven effects of
climate change you’ve already seen.

It’s coming for your wine, your coffee beans, and your veggies… as well as for your health and safety.

Here are seven effects of climate change you’ve already seen.

1) LONGER, MORE INTENSE ALLERGY SEASONS.

If you’ve been feeling seasonal allergies for the first time, or more intensely in recent years, it’s not just you.

Warming temperatures in some areas, like the northern United States, are extending the periods when plants
release pollen. This affects not only people who already have allergies, but those who don’t.

This means that people who have pollen allergies might experience more intense symptoms, and people who don’t
normally have allergies might begin to experience them. Fun.

Page 37 of 42
And if greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase through the end of this century, the oak pollen season, in
particular, could extend by up to eight days in some areas.
This pollen, which can induce allergic asthma, could increase the number of associated hospital emergency room
visits for asthma by 10 percent in the Midwest, Southeast, and Northeast.

2.FOODS YOU LOVE ARE BECOMING LESS NUTRITIOUS AND COST MORE AT THE GROCERY STORE.

The same CO2 accumulating in our atmosphere thanks to fossil fuels is actually changing the composition of fruits
and vegetables that we eat, making them less nutritious. Extra CO2 is speeding up photosynthesis and causing
plants to grow with more sugar and less calcium, protein, zinc, and important vitamins.
Not only is food becoming less nutritious, but it could soon cost more too. Beginning in 2006, drought in major
wheat-producing countries was a key factor in a dramatic spike in food prices around the globe. And as the world
keeps getting hotter, we can expect to see this kind of drought more and more often.

Wheat isn’t the only crop to feel the heat either. Let’s start with your morning coffee, which could soon be more
expensive too. Brazil is the biggest coffee producer in the world, but as the globe warms up and more frequent
rainstorms hit the region, most of its main coffee-growing areas will be less suitable for growing the crop.

Sadly, the story doesn’t end there. Scientists project that peaches, coffee, corn, cacao, and other delicious – and
important crops – will also become scarcer because of climate change.

3. MORE COMMON, MORE SEVERE, AND MORE LONG-LASTING HEATWAVES.

Extreme heat and heatwaves have happened since the beginning of time. But across the board, climate change is
making heatwaves more common, severe, and long-lasting.
Heatwaves can become so intense that our roads actually melt. We’ve seen this happen on the tarmac
at Washington, DC’s Reagan National Airport in 2012, during India’s deadly 2015 heatwaves, and most recently, in
Australia, where car tires were covered in asphalt nearly three inches thick.

4. WILDFIRES CAUSING DAMAGE TO OUR LANDSCAPES AND OUR COMMUNITIES – AS WELL AS OUR HEALTH.

Wildfires are devastating communities around the world. From the billion-dollar destruction they cause to the costs
of lost plant, animal, and even human life, these devastating natural disasters are scarring our landscapes.

But beyond even the tragic injuries and fatalities that can result directly from major forest fires, these climate-driven
events can damage infrastructure, which can:

 Jeopardize access to lifesaving care for extended periods of time

 Threaten water quality and food supplies

 Dramatically diminish the quality of the air we breathe.

In 2018 alone, wildfires were pervasive across central and northern Europe, from the United Kingdom, Denmark, and
Sweden to Malta, Poland, and Germany. They’re even coming where you might least expect it – the boreal forests
that encircle the globe in the Arctic North, for example, have in recent years “experienced wildfires at a rate and
scale not seen in at least 10,000 years.”

5. HURRICANES ARE BECOMING MORE LIKELY AND MORE DANGEROUS.

Around the world, average sea surface temperatures are rising. As seas get warmer, they add more water vapor and
heat energy into the atmosphere. This extra heat and water, just happens to be the perfect fuel for hurricanes and in
the right conditions, can make dangerous storms even more powerful.

This can happen very quickly too. So a once-relatively weak tropical storm can cross the right stretch of (warm) water
and become a major hurricane in a matter of hours.
Page 38 of 42
This can lead to many people, even those who spend their lives in hurricane-prone regions, being under-prepared for
the intensity of the actual hurricane that makes landfall, resulting in greater damage, injury, and even loss of life.
Which is exactly what happened with Hurricanes Maria, Irma, and Harvey.

6. MORE CLIMATE-RELATED MASS MIGRATION.

Climate change is already prompting an increase in migration, with people being forced to leave their homes
because of drought, flooding, and other climate-related disasters.
In 2007, for example, water scarcity, crop failures and livestock deaths stemming in part from climate-related
drought drove an estimated 1.5 million people to the cities from rural areas in Syria, helping spark the horrifying
civil war that displaced millions more.

And since 2013, nearly 15 million people have been displaced by typhoons and storms in the Philippines.
A 2018 World Bank Group report estimated that the impacts of climate change in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia,
and Latin America could lead to more than 140 million people leaving their homes before 2050.

7. DISEASES ARE SPREADING MORE EASILY.

What thrives with warmer-than-average temperatures, extreme heatwaves, and heavy rains? You guessed it:
disease-carrying insects.

These vectors live longer lives in extended periods of warm weather. Fly into new areas that were previously too
cold. And reproduce in water deposits left by the rain.

Climate change is also creating ideal conditions for waterborne pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which
flourish in warmer waters.
For example, a recent CDC report found the number of cases of illnesses transmitted by ticks more than doubled
between 2004 and 2016 in the US – particularly in Lyme Disease cases.

SELF-TEST QUESTIONS
DIRECTIONS: Use plain short bond paper
A. Answer the question in one paragraph.
As a Senior High School student, how does globalization affect you?

B. *Between the natural and man-made causes , which is the main contributor to Climate Change?
* How do these man made causes (production patterns) affect climate change *How do you feel about
this realization?

STUDENT’S INSIGHT

Page 39 of 42
REFERENCES
 http://www.foodsystemprimer.org/food-production/food-and-climate-change/
 https://www.climaterealityproject.org/blog/7-effects-climate-change-already-seeing
 https://edwardperico.wordpress.com/2017/02/19/first-blog-post/

 For
Teacher’s Remark  Complete  Incomplete  Redo
Consultation

Page 40 of 42
 Subject Week No.
Computer Site Ins. ACTIVITY SHEET Trend, Network and critical
Inc. 7-8
thinking in the 21st century

Score
Name Grade/Section

Teacher Ms. Lorna E. Fuentes Date

Content Standard/Topic: Planetary Network: Climate Change

DIRECTIONS
A. Choose one (1) topic below and make a role play through video for 10 minutes.

TASKS
A.
 Farmers Planting Rice
 Ants Collecting Food

Reminder: Submit the video through messenger.

B. Present editorial cartoon showing activities that exemplify care for the environment.
Processing Questions:
1. What issue is this political cartoon about?
2. How do these editorial cartoons similar to each other?
3. Why do you think that these cartoons are related to each other?

Reminder: Use plain short bond paper

RUBRIC

Page 41 of 42
Page 42 of 42