Christianity

Lesson
No. 5
What do you know
about

Christianity?
No. 5
Objectives:
No. 1

No. 2

•Recite the

•Interpret

Apostle’s Creed,

the Parable

The Lord’s

of the

Prayer or the

Prodigal

Beatitudes;

Son;

No. 3
• Explain the core
teachings of
Christianity that a
loving God sent His
begotten Son in order
to redeem humankind
from eternal
damnation.
Christianity

is considered the most popular

religion in the world with the
most number of adherents
among all religions.
Christianity
Starting around the 1st century
C.E., it developed out of Judaism
during the reign of the Roman
Empire in West Asia.
Christianity
It centers on the life teachings,
death, and resurrection of Jesus
Christ, who is considered the
Messiah or Savior of humanity.
Christianity
Christians also believe in the Holy Trinity,
which means God has three aspects— Father,
Son and the Holy Spirit. It is believed that
God the Father, sent His only Son, Jesus, to
earth to redeem humanity from their sins for
them to avoid the eternal flames of hell.
Do you want to go to hell or
heaven?
Symbols of Christianity
What does these mean?

CROSS

Ichtys
CROSS
The cross serves as a symbol
of Jesus Christ’s victory over
sins when He died on the
cross for humanity’s
redemption and salvation.
CROSS
Christ died on the cross
and cross serves as a
reminder of the sacrifices
made by God in order for
humanity to live.
CROSS
What do you notice on
the cross of other
Christian religions to the
cross of the Catholic
Church?
CROSS
In Roman Catholic Churches,
the crucifix is a regular
feature, with the image of
Christ nailed in the cross. This
aims to emphasize Christ’s
suffering for humanity.
CROSS
Meanwhile, protestant
churches often feature only
the cross without the image of
the body of Christ, to
emphasize Christ resurrection
and not His suffering.
ICHTYS
- the fish symbol is as old as
Christianity itself, for it was
used by persecuted
Christians as a secret sign
when meeting other
Christians.
ICHTYS
when meeting strangers on the
way, a Christian would draw one
arc of the fish outline and if the
Christian draw the other half it
means they are both Christians
and therefore safe in each
other’s company.
ICHTYS
The word “fish” also had a
secret meaning, which is
ichtys: Iseous Christos Theou
Yios Soter, meaning Jesus
Christ, Son of God, Savior.
Historical Background
Christianity developed in
Palestine in around 100 C.E. It
was founded by Jesus,
considered to be the Son of God
and Messiah or Savior. Regarded
as an offshoot of Judaism,
Historical Background
Christianity has survived and
even surpassed Judaism and
other religions in terms of
number of adherents. Today,
Christianity is divided into three
major sects— Roman
Catholicism, Greek Orthodox
Church, and Protestantism.
Historical Background
These major Christian sects are
further subdivided by Christian
denomination that differ in
certain beliefs and practices but
are united and worshiping Jesus
Christ as the Son of God.
Historical Context
Judea, the mountainous
southern part of Palestine, was
the home of Christianity. During
that time, Judaism was
dominant religion in Palestine
and was considered by the Jews
as land promised to them by
Historical Context
it was conquered by the
Assyrian empire, then by the
Babylonian Empire which
enslaved the Jews, then the
Achaemenid or Persian Empire
under Cyrus, who permitted the
Jews to return to their land.
Historical Context
Soon the Greece under the
leadership of Alexander the Great
conquered West Asia including
Palestine around 14 B.C. Then the
Romans conquered the Jerusalem
in 63 B.C. When Jesus was born,
Palestine was still under Roman
Historical Context
Since the concept of Messiah was
proved to be very attractive for a
group of people being colonized by
a foreign power. Social conditions
cooperated with the relatively free
atmosphere created by Agustus’
Pax Romana or Roman peace.
Historical Context
Also, the birth of a man who was
considered as the fulfillment of the
prophesy among the Jews that God
will send His Son to liberate the
people from sufferings and sins
paved the way for the development
and spread of a new religion called
Christianity.
Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
It was in the backdrop that
Jesus, Founder of Christianity,
lived and preached teachings
that served as criticism of
Judaism, although himself was a
Jew. His ministry begun when he
was in his early thirties.
Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
For example, He criticizes the
uprightness and insincerity
of religious officials and
emphasized that God value
service and love.
Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
He also thought about the new
covenant that God will bring to
humanity: that is sending His
begotten Son to save humanities
from their sins and restore the
people’s relationship with Him.
Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
Thus, Christianity started with a
prophecy in the Old Testament:
that God will send his only
begotten Son to save humanity
from eternal damnation. Jesus
was seen by his followers as the
Messiah they were waiting for.
Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
Meanwhile, Jews did not accept
this to be true; instead they are
still waiting for the promise to
be fulfilled.
Religious Leaders
At the top of the hierarchy is the
pope, considered as Peter’s
successor. The hierarchy also
includes the cardinal, archbishops,
bishops, priests, and deacons. Each
member of the hierarchy has its
own function for the efficiency of
the church.
Pope
- serves as the head of the
Catholic Church, inheritor of
Peter. He has his headquarters in
the Vatican, an independent state
in Rome. He is responsible for the
general supervision of the church.
Pope
- He is the head of the Catholic
Church and the head of the
Vatican. He also has the
authority to appoint
administrative and religious
officials in the Vatican.
Cardinals
- who are also appointed by the
Pope. The cardinal represents the
Pope and the Roman Catholic
Church in different parts of the
world. They serve as advisers to the
pope and elect a new pope as the
need arises.
Cardinals
- they have the power to choose
the successor of the outgoing
pope. The body comprising the
cardinals is called the college of
cardinals.
Bishop
are teachers of the doctrine, priest of
sacred worship, and minister of the
church government. They provide
pastoral supervision for a diocese and
serve as the representative of the
church. The pope himself is a bishop. A
bishop is ordained to his station, just
like priests.
Priests
who are ordained ministers responsible
for the administering of the
sacraments, such as Eucharist,
Marriage, Baptism, and Confirmation.
They may belong to particular religious
order such as Jesuits, Dominicans,
Augustinians, among others, or they
may be committed to serve a certain
congregation.
Deacon
At the bottom of the hierarchy
is the deacon, who are classified
into two types: the transitional
deacon is a seminarian who is
studying for the priesthood and
the other one is the permanent
deacon,
Deacon
who can get married and
serve as a priest assistant in
administering some of the
sacraments.
Deity / Gods
God is seen as the creator and
maintainer of the universe, and is
believed to be omnipotent (allpowerful), omniscient (all-knowing),
omnipresent (all-present), and
omnibenevolent (all-good). God is also
sacred, moral, unchangeable,
compassionate, graceful and timeless.
Holy Trinity

God is composed of three persons: God

the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
Holy Trinity
The doctrine of the Holy Trinity
was Christianity’s way to end the
controversy generated by
Arianism, a teaching by Arius
which claimed that Jesus Christ
was not actually a God.
Holy Trinity
In Matthew 28:19, it is stated
that:
“Go therefore and make
disciples of all nations, baptizing
them in the name of the Father,
of the Son, and of the Holy
Spirit.”
Holy Trinity
In 2 Corinthians 13:1:
“The grace of the Lord
Jesus Christ and the love of
God and the fellowship of the
Holy Spirit be with you all.”
Holy Trinity

the Church of the Jesus Christ of

Latter-day Saints, Jehova’s
Witnesses, Christian Scientists,
Unitarians, The Unification
Church, the Christadelphians,
and Oneness Pentacostals,
among others.
Sacred Scriptures
The bible is considered as the
sacred scripture of Christianity.
It is a collection of songs, stories,
poetry, letters, history, as well as
literature. It is composed of two
books, the Old Testament and
the New Testament.
Old Testament
- also called the Hebrew Bible, is
composed of 39 books which are
arranged in three parts: the first
books (Genesis to Deuteronomy)
are considered the “Law” or the
Torah which may refer to
guidance and instruction.
Old Testament
Meanwhile, the second part of the
Old Testament is called “The
Prophets” which is divided into two
parts, Job (a drama that explores
the nature of suffering), and the
five scrolls (Megiloth) which were
group together for their
associations with a particular
religious festival.
New Testament
- is composed of 27 books
written around 50 to 100 C.E.
and is composed of two
sections: the Gospels which tells
the story about Jesus (Matthew,
Mark, Luke, and John);
New Testament
- and the Letters (or Epistles)
written by various Christian
leaders to serve as guide to the
early Christian communities.
They were written to tell the life
and teachings of Jesus.
New Testament
The acts of Apostles and Luke tell
how Christianity developed from a
small group of Jewish believers to
be coming one of the world’s major
religions. Revelation is the last book
on the New Testament, traditionally
attributed to the Apostle John,
which is considered an Epistle and
an apocalypse.
Ten Commandments
Also called the Decalogue, the
Ten Commandments are a set
of law given by God to the
people of Israel in Mt. Sinai
through Moses.
Ten Commandments
In the Exodus, God gave Moses
the tablet containing the Ten
Commandments, which Moses
smashed into pieces because of
extreme anger when he saw the
golden calf idol created and
worshiped by the Hebrews.
Ten Commandments
Exodus 20:1-17
Deuteronomy 5:21
- They are meant to guide
Christians on how to have within
the family, society, and most
especially with respect to God.
Ten Commandments
The Catholic Church has seven
sacraments which are considered
signs of inner kindness given by
God for Christians to live a
genuine human life.
7 Sacraments
Baptism, Confirmation,
Holy Communion,
Confession, Matrimony,
Holy Orders, and the
Anointing of the Sick.
7 Sacraments
The first three sacraments
are Baptism, Confirmation,
and Holy Communion,
which are considered as
sacraments of initiation.
Baptism
Baptism is meant to
remove the guilt and effects
of Original Sin and welcome
the Baptized to the church.
Confirmation
Confirmation which should be
administered right after Baptism,
is meant to complete the baptism
and bringing the baptized the
grace of the Holy Spirit that were
given the Apostles on Pentecost
Sunday.
Holy Communion
Holy Communion entails the
reception of Christ’s body and
blood which helps Christians grow
in the likeness of Jesus Christ.
Confession
Confession is considered the
fourth sacrament, which is meant
to reconcile Christians with God by
confessing their sins.
Marriage/Matrimony
with the union of a man and a
woman for the purpose of
procreation and mutual support. It
also reflex the union of Jesus
Christ with His church.
Sacrament of Holy
Orders
is considered as continuation of
Christ’s priesthood which He
passed onto His apostles.
Anointing of the Sick
also known as Extreme Unction or
the Last Rites, which is
administered to those who are in
the verge of death or are seriously
ill, or about to undergo a serious
operation, for physical and moral
strength.
Eight Beatitudes
comprise what is known as the
“Sermon on the Mount” recorded
in Matthew 5-7. The Beatitudes
refer to the eight sayings of Jesus
at the beginning of the “Sermon
on the Mount”.
Apostle’s Creed
The Apostles’ Creed is believed to
have developed in the 100 or 200 C.E.
and was influenced by the Nicene
Creed. A letter written by the Council
of Milan in 390 C.E. is the earliest
historical evidence of the existence of
the Apostles’ Creed.
The Story of Creation/The Big Bang
Theory

The story of creation, which

narrates how God created the
universe in six days, is found in
Genesis 1 of the Old Testament.
It narrates how God created light
and darkness on the first day; the
sky and ocean on the second day;
The Story of Creation/The Big Bang
Theory
the earth and plants on the third day;
the sun, moon, and stars on the
fourth day; sea creature, land
animals, and birds on the fifth day;
and finally the first man and woman
on the sixth day, after which He
rested on the seventh day.
The Story of Creation/The Big Bang
Theory

Science also has its own theories on

how universe began. The most
accepted among scientists is the Big
Bang Theory, which estate that the
universe began as an incredibly hot,
very dense point in the space about
14 billion years ago.
The Story of Creation/The Big Bang
Theory

It then underwent rapid

expansion in no time and, as
it cooled, led to the creation
of the stars, galaxies and
planets.
Worship & Observances

ADVENT

LENT

PENTECOST
ADVENT
Advent refers to the season of
waiting for the birth of the
Messiah, hence its celebration lasts
for four weeks, beginning four
Sunday before Christmas and
ending on Christmas eve.
ADVENT
During advent, it is not only the
birth of Christ which is anticipated
but the Second Coming of the
Savior as well. The word “advent”
comes from the Latin word
“adventus”, which means “coming”
or “visit”.
ADVENT
Advent also features certain colors
such as purple/dark blue, which
symbolizes seriousness, repentance
and royalty; and pink which
signifies joy.
LENT
Lent refers to the season observe by
Christians by preparation for Easter,
a celebration of the resurrection of
Christ. Ash Wednesday signals the
start of the season of Lent, which
begins 40 days before Easter.
LENT
It is a time for prayer, penance,
sacrifice, and good works as a
way of remembering the life,
death, and resurrection of Jesus.
LENT
The word “Lent” comes from the
Anglo-Saxon words lencten
meaning “Spring” and tenctenid
which means “Springtide” and also
the word of March, a month where
Easter is usually celebrated.
PENTECOST
Pentecost is celebrated as a
holiday to commemorate the
coming of the Holy Spirit to the
early Christians. Thus, Pentecost is
also celebrated as the Birthday of
the Church.
PENTECOST
The word Pentecost comes from
the Greek word “pentekostos”
which means “fifty”, pertaining to
the Jewish holiday celebrated every
50 days from the end of the
Passover to the beginning of the
next holiday (also known as
Shavout).
Selected Issues of Christianity
Ecumenism
Ecumenism refers to the effort of
the Catholic Church to sponsor the
activities and initiatives to promote
mutual understanding and unity
among all Christians.
Ecumenism
Ecumenism can also be described as the
promotion of worldwide Christian unity
(Brodd 2003). It is based on the Vatican
II’s Decree of Ecumenism which states
that:“The restoration of the unity among
Christians is one of the principal concerns
of the Second Vatican Council.
Sexuality
sexuality refers to sexual
orientation, sexual activity, and
sexual feelings.
Sexuality
Christianity advocates that the
goal of sexual union between men
and women is procreation, thus
anything that might hinder this is
considered immoral. Having sexual
pleasure from such union is not
necessary,
Sexuality
thus when people use artificial
contraceptives, such as condoms,
birth control pills, IUIDs (intrauterine
contraceptive devices), and the like,
they are committing a sin because
they are engaging in sexual acts
without procreation in mind.
Sexuality
Christianity advocates natural family
planning methods such as rhythm
method, wherein couples engage
sexual acts during days when the
woman is not fertile and cannot
conceive a baby.
Sexuality
abortion is also considered as immoral
by the Catholic Church since it entails
the killing of life.
For the Catholic Church, life begins at
fertilization, when the sperm and ovum
meet to form a single cell, hence
abortion is already considered as taking
away the life of a person.
Family and Divorce
divorce is not allowed in the Catholic
Church, since it believes in the sanctity
of marriage, which should be lifetime
bond between man and woman, and is
considered a legal bond on earth and a
spiritual bond in heaven.
Family and Divorce
If couples wish to separate, they
could seek an annulment, also
known as Decree of Nullity, in which
it is declared that the marriage was
never valid in the first place.
Family and Divorce
But unlike divorce, annulment
entails a long, tedious, and
expansive process, in which a
partner has to prove that his/her
partner is psychologically
incapacitated to understand the
commitment marriage entails,
Family and Divorce
or one of the partners has
deliberately hid some
information, such as
previous marriage,
impotence, or infertility.
Capital Punishment
Capital punishment or death penalty
wherein a person is punished by
death for his or her capital crime
goes against the Christian belief
that life is given by God and should
not be taken away by any person.
Euthanasia
euthanasia or mercy killing is also
considered immoral since it entails
taking away what has been given by
God, and that human being should
not interfere with the natural
process of death.
Euthanasia
Even if a person is extremely
suffering from his/her illness,
he/she has no right to take away
what God has given to him/her.
Euthanasia
In Christianity, all human lives are
equally valuable and no one, even
the person himself/herself who
wants to end his/her life, has the
right to assume that his or her life is
no longer valuable.
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