Operating System

What is a process control block (PCB) used for?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1) It contains program instructions
2) It contains information associated with a specific process (A)
3) It is used for CPU scheduling
4) It contains I/O status information
Solution description
A process control block (PCB) is used to represent a process in the operating
system. It contains many pieces of information associated with a specific
process, including its state, program counter, CPU registers, CPU scheduling,
memory-management, accounting, and I/O status information.

Which of the following is not a state of a process?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. New state
2. Ready state
3. Running state
4. Finished state (A)
Solution description
The various states of a process are New state, Ready state, Ready Suspended
state, Running state, Waiting or Blocked state, Waiting Suspended state, and
Terminated state. Once the process has completed its execution, it enters the
Terminated state.

What is the difference between multiprocessing and multitasking?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Multiprocessing refers to running multiple processes simultaneously
while multitasking refers to running multiple tasks simultaneously. (A)
2. Multiprocessing refers to running multiple programs simultaneously
while multitasking refers to running multiple threads simultaneously.
3. Multiprocessing and multitasking both refer to running multiple
processes simultaneously, but multiprocessing requires multiple physical
processors while multitasking only requires a single processor.
4. Multiprocessing and multitasking are interchangeable terms that both
refer to running multiple programs, processes, or tasks simultaneously.
Solution description
Multiprocessing refers to running multiple processes simultaneously while
multitasking refers to running multiple tasks simultaneously. Solution:
Multiprocessing involves running multiple processes simultaneously, while
multitasking refers to running multiple tasks or programs simultaneously on a
single processor by rapidly switching between them.

Message passing system allows processes to __________

(Siemens)
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Communicate with each other without sharing same address space (A)
2. Communicate with one another by resorting to shared data
3. Share data
4. Name the recipient or sender of the message
Solution description
Explanation: Message Passing system allows processes to communicate with
each other without sharing the same address space.

Multithreading an interactive program will increase responsiveness to the user

by ___________ (Infosys)
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Continuing to run even if a part of it is blocked (A)
2. Waiting for one part to finish before the other begins
3. Asking the user to decide the order of multithreading
4. None of the mentioned

If one thread opens a file with read privileges then ___________ (ELITMUS)
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Other threads in the another process can also read from that file
2. Other threads in the same process can also read from that file (A)
3. Any other thread can not read from that file
4. All of the mentioned
Solution description
If one thread opens a file with reading privileges then,Other threads in the same
process can also read from that file
The time required to create a new thread in an existing process is ___________
(AMCAT)
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Greater than the time required to create a new process
2. Less than the time required to create a new process (A)
3. Equal to the time required to create a new process
4. None of the mentioned
Solution description
The time required to create a new thread in an existing process is Less than the
time required to create a new process

Modern operating systems are?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Interrupt Driven (A)
2. Program Driven
3. Both A and B are correct
4. None of the above
Solution description
Modern operating Systems are Interrupt Driven.

What are the types of processes? (Wipro)

CPU Bound Process, I/O Bound Process

Explain the different sections of the process. (Infosys)

There are mainly four sections in a process. They are as below:

 Stack: contains local variables, returns address

 Heap: Dynamically allocated memory via malloc, calloc,realloc

 Data: contains global and static variables.
 Codeor text: contains code, program counter, and content of
processor’s register.

What is the Zombie process?

A zombie process is a process that has completed and in the terminated state
but has its entry in the process table. It shows that the resources are held by
the process and are not free.
Which of the following is not a part of the operating system? (Infosys Hiring
2019)
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Input/output control program
2. Performance monitor
3. Job control program (A)
4. Supervisor

What is the main objective of an operating system?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. To make the computer system convenient to use
2. To execute user programs efficiently (A)
3. To use computer hardware in an inefficient manner
4. None of the above
Solution description
The main objective of an operating system is to execute user programs and
make solving user problems easier.

What are the design terms for an operating system?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Easy, Personal computers, Energy saving
2. Efficiency, High-performance computers, Minor user interruptions (A)
3. All of the above
4. There are no design terms
Solution description
As per the notes, the design terms for an operating system include efficiency
(allocation of appropriate resources), high-performance computers, energy-
saving, and minor user interruptions.

Which task is NOT offered by an operating system?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Program implementation
2. I/O Performance
3. Memory management
4. Graphic design (A)
Solution description
An operating system offers tasks such as program implementation, I/O
performance, and memory management, but graphic design is not a task offered
by an operating system.

What does I/O stand for in an operating system?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Input/Output (A)
2. Input/Optimization
3. Internal/Output
4. Internal/Optimization
Solution description
As per the notes, I/O stands for Input/Output, which refers to any file or any
specific I/O device that a program may require while running, and the operating
system manages these operations for efficient execution.

Which of the following is not an operating system?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. UNIX
2. PASCAL (A)
3. MS-DOS
4. CP/M

Operating system is a collection of

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Input-output devices
2. Hardware components
3. Software routines (A)
4. All of these

The systems which allow only one process execution at a time, are called ___
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Uniprogramming systems (A)
2. Uniprocessing systems
3. Unitasking systems
4. None of the mentioned
Solution description
Those systems which allow more than one process execution at a time, are
called multiprogramming systems. Uniprogramming allows only one process at
a time.

Q 2. What are payroll systems? Payroll systems are an example of

which type of operating system? (Zomato)

Payroll systems manage everything having to do with the process of paying

employees and filing employment taxes. They are an example of a batch
processing system.

Q 3. Explain about real time and distributed operating systems. (IBM)

Please refer to the notes for definitions of the aforementioned operating

systems under the heading “Types of operating systems".

Q 4. Suppose you have to do an experiment which requires accuracy

upto 1/1000000 of a second. Which system will you choose for the part?
(Amazon)
One should use “Real time operating system” in this case, because the
operation has time constraints in microseconds and we will get the desired
accuracy using this operating system.

Which of the following is true about a thread?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
 It consists of its own program counter, a stack, and a set of registers (A)
 It is an execution file stored in hard drive
 It is a sequence of instructions stored in memory
 It can belong to multiple processes
Solution description
As mentioned in the document, a thread is an execution unit that consists of its
own program counter, a stack, and a set of registers.

Which type of thread is supported within the kernel of the OS?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. User thread
2. Kernel thread
3. Both user and kernel thread
4. None of the above
Solution description
Kernel threads are supported within the kernel of the OS itself.

Which multithreading model places a limit on how many threads can be

created?
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Many to One Model
2. One to One Model (A)
3. Many to Many Model
4. None of the above
Solution description
The one-to-one model creates a separate kernel thread to handle each and every
user thread. Most implementations of this model place a limit on how many
threads can be created.

At which level is the management of User level threads done?

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Kernel
2. Application (A)
3. Operating system
4. All of the above
Solution description
Application. User level threads are handled at application level only.

Which thread cancellation approach allows to terminate the thread

immediately?
Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Deferred cancellation
2. Asynchronous cancellation (A)
3. Immediate termination is not possible.
4. Both (1) and (2)
Solution description
Asynchronous cancellation. It allows immediate termination even when the
process is running.

A thread life cycle consists of ______ states.

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
 4. 5 (A)
Solution description
New Runnable Blocked Waiting Timed Waiting Terminated

The kernel is _______ of user threads.

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. a part of
2. the creator of
3. unaware of (A)
4. aware of
Solution description
The kernel is unaware of user threads.

Kernel is the first program which is loaded in _______ (persistent)

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Memory (A)
2. Ram
3. Drivers
4. Server
Solution description
Kernel is the first program which is loaded in memory when OS is loading as
well as it remains in memory till OS is running.

Which kernel has virtual memory and thread scheduling? (Tcs)

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. Microkernel (A)
2. Monolithic kernel
3. Both A and B
4. None of the above

Which one of the following is not true? (veritas)

Options: Pick one correct answer from below
1. kernel is the program that constitutes the central core of the operating
system
2. kernel is the first part of operating system to load into memory during
booting
 3. kernel is made of various modules which can not be loaded in running
operating system (A)
4. kernel remains in the memory during the entire computer session
Solution description
The kernel is the first program that is loaded in memory when OS is loading as
well as it remains in memory till OS is running. The kernel is the core part of
the OS which is responsible for managing resources, allowing multiple
processes to use the resources and provide services to various processes. Kernel
modules can be loaded and unloaded in run-time i.e. in running OS.

1.What is Kernel? (Wipro,Capgemini)

Please refer to the notes for definitions of the aforementioned operating
systems under the heading “Kernel”.

2.What are the main functions of the kernel? (tcs, infosys,amazon)

The main functions of a Kernel are:
 - Process management

- Device management
- Memory management
- Interrupt handling
- I/O communication
- File system management

3.What are the different types of Kernel? (Veritas, Goldman Sachs)

Please refer to the notes for definitions of the aforementioned operating
systems under the heading “Types of Kernel”.

4. Disadvantages of kernel (vmware)

Complex process management
Debugging the messaging is complex.
Loss in performance because of the requirement of more software.