Examples Based on Synchronous Motor

Prepared By
Prof. K. R. Gajjar
Asst. Professor
Electrical (A S & H) Dept.,

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION

(3152001)

SAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(113)
AHMEDABAD
• A 415 V, 50 Hz, 3-ph synchronous motor has 8-poles. Calculate its speed, if it takes a
line current of 75 A at 0.8 p.f. lagging, what armature torque the motor will be
developing. Assume the total losses in the motor are 3 kW.
• Given Data: V = 415 V, • Net power output
f = 50 Hz,
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
P = 8,
IL = 75 A ∴ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 43128 − 3000
P.F (cos ∅) = 0.8 ∴ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 40128 𝑊
Total losses = 3 kW = 3000 W
• Motor Speed • Torque developed
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 40128
120𝑓 120 × 50 𝑇 = 9.55 = 9.55 ×
𝑁𝑆 = = = 750 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑁𝑆 750
𝑃 8
• Power Input ∴ 𝑇 = 511 𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅ = 3 × 415 × 75 ×0.8
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 43128 𝑊
• A 3-ph star connected synchronous motor rated for 500 kVA, 3.3. kV, 87 A, 50 Hz, 300
rpm has an effective armature reactance and synchronous reactance per phase of 1 Ω
and 10 Ω respectively. Determine the internal mechanical power developed by the motor
when it is operating at rated current and 0.866 power factor leading.
• Given Data: VL = 3.3 kV, • Total Cu losses = 3𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎
f = 50 Hz,
= 3 × 87 2 × 1
Pout = 500 kVA,
IL = 87 A = 22707 𝑊
P.F (cos ∅) = 0.866 (Leading) • Internal mechanical power developed
Ra = 1 Ω, XS = 10 Ω
𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
• Power Input
∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 430637 − 22707
𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅
∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 407930 𝑊
= 3 × 3300 × 87 × 0.866
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 430637 𝑊
• A 20 kW, 400 V, 50 Hz, 3-ph, star-connected synchronous motor is operating at full load
with 0.8 p.f leading. The motor efficiency is 92%. The synchronous reactance per phase
is 2 Ω and the armature resistance is negligible. The motor speed is 1500 rpm. Calculate
the (a) mechanical power developed (b) armature current (c) excitation or back emf
(d) power or torque angle (e) pull – out torque of the motor
• Given Data: Pout = 20 kW, • Power factor
VL = 400 V, f = 50 Hz, cos ∅ = 0.8 ∴ ∅ = cos −1 0.8 ∴ ∅ = 36.87𝑜
P.F (cos ∅) = 0.8 (leading)
• Input Power
Efficiency = 92%
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 20 × 103
XS = 2 Ω, Ra = =Negligible 𝑃𝑖 = = = 21739 𝑊
NS = 1500 rpm
𝜂 0.92
• Mechanical power developed
• Voltage/Phase
𝑃𝑚 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 21739 − 0
𝑉𝐿 400
𝑉𝑝ℎ = = = 231 𝑉 𝑃𝑚 = 21739 𝑊
3 3
• Armature Current 𝐸𝑏 = 2
𝑉𝑝ℎ + 𝐸𝑅2 − 2𝑉𝑝ℎ 𝐸𝑅 cos 𝜃 + ∅
𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅
∴ 𝐸𝑏 = 231 2 + 78.44 2 − 2 × 231 × 78.44 × cos 90 + 36.87
𝑃𝑖 21739
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = =
3𝑉𝐿 cos ∅ 3 × 400 × 0.8 ∴ 𝐸𝑏 = 285 𝑉
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = 39.22 𝐴 • Power angle (𝜹)

• Excitation voltage (Back emf) 3𝑉𝐸𝑏 sin 𝛿

𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑚 𝑋𝑆
𝑋𝑠 ∴ sin 𝛿 =
• Impedance drop/phase 3𝑉𝐸𝑏
𝐸𝑅 = 𝐼𝑎 𝑋𝑆 = 39.22 × 2 21739 × 2
∴ sin 𝛿 = = 0.22
3 × 231 × 285
∴ 𝐸𝑅 = 78.44 𝑉
∴ 𝛿 = sin−1 0.22
• Since Ra is negligible, the
internal angle 𝜃 = 90o ∴ 𝛿 = 12.72𝑜
• Torque
𝑃𝑚
𝑇𝑔 = 9.55
𝑁𝑠
21739
∴ 𝑇𝑔 = 9.55 ×
1500
∴ 𝑇𝑔 = 138.40 𝑁 − 𝑚
• A 50 kW, 415 V, 4-pole, 3-phase, star connected synchronous motor has a resistance and
synchronous reactance per phase of 0.08 Ω and 1 Ω respectively. The motor is operating
at 0.8 p.f leading. Calculate the open circuit emf per phase and gross mechanical power
developed. Assume an efficiency of 90%.
• Given Data: VL = 415 V, • Synchronous impedance per phase
Pout = 50 kW,
P=4 𝑍𝑆 = 𝑅𝑎2 + 𝑋𝑆2 = 0.08 2 + 1 2

P.F (cos ∅) = 0.8 (Leading)

∴ 𝑍𝑆 =1.003 Ω
Ra = 0.08 Ω, XS = 1 Ω
• Power factor
Efficiency = 90%
cos ∅ = 0.8 ∴ ∅ = cos −1 0.8 ∴ ∅ = 36.87𝑜
• Voltage/Phase • Internal angle
𝑉𝐿 415 𝑋𝑆 1
𝑉𝑝ℎ = = = 239.6 𝑉 𝜃= tan−1 = tan −1 = 85.42𝑜
3 3 = 240 𝑉 𝑅𝑎 0.08
• Input Power • Open circuit voltage/phase (Back emf/phase)
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 50 × 103
𝑃𝑖 = = 𝐸𝑏 = 2
𝑉𝑝ℎ + 𝐸𝑅2 − 2𝑉𝑝ℎ 𝐸𝑅 cos 𝜃 + ∅
𝜂 0.90
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 55555 𝑊 = 55.55 𝑘𝑊 ∴ 𝐸𝑏 = 239.6 2 + 96.9 2 − 2 × 239.6 × 96.9 × cos 85.42 + 36.87
• Armature Current
∴ 𝐸𝑏 = 302.66 𝑉
𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅
𝑃𝑖 55555 • Gross mechanical power developed
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = =
3𝑉𝐿 cos ∅ 3 × 415 × 0.8 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 3𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = 96.61 𝐴 ∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 55555 − [3 × 96361 2 × 0.08]

• Impedance drop/phase ∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 53315 𝑊 = 53.315 𝑘𝑊

𝐸𝑅 = 𝐼𝑎 𝑍𝑆 = 96.61 × 1.003
∴ 𝐸𝑅 = 96.9 𝑉
• A 415 V, 3-ph star connected synchronous motor develops 11 kW. The armature
resistance per phase is 0.5 Ω. The motor operates at a p.f. of 0.8 lagging. The total
rotational losses (Iron, mechanical & excitation losses) amount to 1 kW. Calculate (a)
armature current (b) total power supplied to the motor (c) efficiency
• Given Data: VL = 415 V, • Power factor
Pout = 11 kW, cos ∅ = 0.8 ∴ ∅ = cos −1 0.8 ∴ ∅ = 36.87𝑜
P=4 • Gross mechanical power developed
P.F (cos ∅) = 0.8 (Lagging)
𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
Ra = 0.5 Ω
Total rotational losses = 1 kW ∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 11000 + 1000

• Voltage/Phase ∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 12000 𝑊

• Mechanical power developed per phase
𝑉𝐿 415
𝑉𝑝ℎ = = = 239.6 𝑉 12000
3 3 = 240 𝑉 ∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = = 4000 𝑊
3
• Power input/phase 191.68 ± 191.68 2 − 4 × 0.5 × 4000
∴ 𝐼𝑎 =
2 × 0.5
𝑃𝑖 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ 𝐼𝑎 cos ∅
∴ 𝐼𝑎 = 198.68 ± 169.53
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 239.6 × 𝐼𝑎 × 0.8
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 191.68 𝐼𝑎 … … … (1) ∴ 𝐼𝑎 = 22.15 𝐴

• Mechanical power developed per phase • Total power supplied to the motor

𝑃𝑖 = 3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos ∅ = 3 × 415 × 22.15 × 0.8

𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝑃𝑖 − 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
∴ 𝑃𝑖 = 12737 𝑊
∴ 𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ 𝐼𝑎 cos ∅ − 𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎
∴ 𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎 − 𝑉𝑝ℎ 𝐼𝑎 cos ∅ +𝑃𝑚𝑔 = 0 • Efficiency
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
∴ 0.5 𝐼𝑎2 − 191.68 𝐼𝑎 + 4000 = 0 𝜂= ∴ 𝜂 =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
×100
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 ∴𝜂=
11000
×100 ∴ 𝜂 = 86.36%
∴ 𝐼𝑎 = − 12737
2𝑎
Thanks for Watching

Prepared By: K. R. Gajjar