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01 Introduction

The document discusses hydrology, including defining it as the study of the waters of the earth. It covers the hydrologic cycle, the history and development of hydrology as a science, different types of hydrology, and applications of hydrology including in engineering for tasks like flood forecasting and water resource management.

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lopez.davidmarting
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© © All Rights Reserved
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12 views

01 Introduction

The document discusses hydrology, including defining it as the study of the waters of the earth. It covers the hydrologic cycle, the history and development of hydrology as a science, different types of hydrology, and applications of hydrology including in engineering for tasks like flood forecasting and water resource management.

Uploaded by

lopez.davidmarting
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydrology

An Introduction
Course Description
• The course deals on the hydrologic cycle and the different process
such as precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, overland flow,
groundwater flow and surface runoff generation.
Topic Outcome
• Define hydrology

• Describe origin and development of hydrology

• Define engineering hydrology

• Explain types of hydrology

• List different types of applications


Did you know?
• Without water, there would
be no life on earth.

• But where does it come from?


“ The total amount of water on the earth and in
its atmosphere does not change, but it is always
in movement.”
Water flows in many forms
• Liquid:
• Oceans, Rivers, ponds, etc.

• Solid:
• Glaciers, snow, etc.

• Gas
• Water Vapor
The science behind:

Circulation

Distribution
Origin
Hydrology
• It is the study of the waters of the earth on and beneath the surface
of the planet.

• It also involves the study of the various properties of water and its
relationship with the living and non-living environment.

• A knowledge of hydrology is fundamental to decision making


processes where water is a component of the system of concern.
Hydrology
• Hydrology has evolved as a science in response to the need to
understand the complex water system of the earth and help solve
water problems.

• Can be classified into Surface and Groundwater


History
• Early civilizations succeeded when the
availability of water is high, and failed
when it depleted
Ex. Nile, Tiber, Tigris and
Euphrates, Huangho and Yangtze, Indus,
Ganges

• Around 3000 B.C., people of Indus


Valley are aware of groundwater
development
History
• Ancient people believed that the ocean is the ultimate source of all
water.

• Leonardo da Vinci is one of the first to recognize the water cycle, now
accepted as hydrologic cycle.

• Pierre Perrault is one of the pioneers of modern hydrology who


introduced the rainfall measurement by Water Balance Equation:
P = Q + E + dS/dt
History
• Prior to 17th Century, different types of instruments were modernized
to measure important parameters.
Ex.
• Piezometer - used to • Rain gauge -
measure underground used to
water pressure measure liquid
precipitation
Structures that control the flow of water
• Canal – man made channels for water
Structures that control the flow of water
• Dam – a barrier that impounds water or underground streams.
Structures that control the flow of water
• Levee – an embankment built to prevent the overflow of a river
Structures that control the flow of water
• Water aqueduct/conduit – an artificial channel that is constructed to
convey water from one location to another.
Structures that control the flow of water
• Wells – an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging,
driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground
aquifers.
Aquifer
Summary
• Hydrology is defined as the science behind the origin, circulation and
distribution of water on the surface of the earth.

• Development of human civilizations is based on availability of water.

• The field of hydrology is classified as scientific hydrology and applied


hydrology.
Summary
• Based on distribution, hydrology is also classified as surface water
hydrology and ground water hydrology.

• Hydrology is essential for design, construction and operation of


various water resource projects, estimation of rainfall, runoff, etc.
Hydrology in engineering
• What flood flows may be expected at a spillway or highway culvert or
in a city drainage system?

• What reservoir capacity is required to assure adequate water for


irrigation or municipal water supply during droughts?

• What effect will reservoirs, levees, and other control works exert on
flood flows in a stream?
Hydrology in engineering
• The hydrologist may study the impact of Climate change.

• For water resource management: understanding water availability,


flow patters and quality is crucial for effective management of water
resources for drinking water supply, irrigation, hydropower
generation, and industrial use.
Hydrology in engineering
• Flood forecasting by assessing river behavior, floodplain mapping and
developing early warning systems.

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