<PLANNING & ESTIMATION , COSTING OF A SHOPPING MALL >

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

CIVIL ENGINEERING

by

KACHO MOHD DILAWAR KHAN

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JODHPUR INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

JODHPUR – 342802 (INDIA)

December, 2023
 CERTIFICATE FROM THE SUPERVISOR

This is to certify that the work incorporated in the project report entitled “TITLE
OF THE PROJECT” is a record of work carried out by KACHO MOHD DILAWAR
KHAN, 20EJICE035. under my guidance and supervision to partially fulfil the
requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelors of Technology in Civil
Engineering in the Department of Civil Engineering of Jodhpur Institute of
Engineering and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
To the best of my knowledge and belief the project report
I. Embodies the work of the candidate herself/himself,
II. Has duly been completed,
III. Fulfils the requirement of the Ordinance relating to the Bachelors degree
of the University and is up to the desired standard both in respect of
contents and language.

MR. RAJAT MANGAL

(GUIDE)
(Designation)

1
 ABSTRACT

Any construction project to begin with starts with the Layout of the
building or structure followed by Design and Analysis of the structure
which is succeeded by cost estimation and planning for the said
project. This project involves the layout, design, analysis, planning and
cost estimation of a G+2 SHOPPING MALL located in BANAR ROAD,
JODHPUR .

The layout of the proposed G+2 residential building is based on a plot of size
80’ x 72 ‘.
Previously the plot was being used as a commercial complex, but
according to the new plan it will be used as a shopping mall building.
The ground floor of the building will be used as parking while the
remaing 3 floors will be divided into 8 apartments each having an area
of 400 sq m. Each apartment is of 20’*20’ configuration. All the
drafting was done using AutoCAD. Also these drawings made on
AutoCAD also served as a base for transfer of the structure for analysis
and design into STAAD Pro.

The cost estimate for the project has been calculated using Centre Line
Method in Microsoft Excel. For the Abstract cost Schedule of rates has
been followed and a total cost of Rs 8144400 has been calculated.

2
 Acknowledgment

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to prof RAJAT MANGAL

SIR for hisr invaluable guidance. His continuous encouragement and
support has always been an inspiration and a source of energy for us.
We thank his for all of her valuable time, effort and help.

We would also like thank Ms prof. KIRAN BHOOT HOD Civil for their
constant guidance and support to help us complete this project.

We would also like to thank Mr. Abhimanyu singh rathode (CEO ,

ROOPSHREE CONSTROCTION JODHPUR ) for their valuable time and
suggestions in completing this project.

Also our sincere thanks to all the people who were directly or indirectly
associated with the project in any other way.

KACHO MOHD DILAWAR KHAN

ROLL NO: 20EJICE035
REG NO. : JIET/CE/20/064

3
REAL CLIENT DETAILS

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
S. NO. DESCRIPTION Page No.

INTRODUCTION
1 1.1 GENERAL
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
1.3 ROLE OF AUTOCAD
1.5 ROLE OF REVIT 2022
1.6 ROLE OF MICROSOFT EXCEL
LITERATURE REVIEW
2
2.1 AUTOCAD
2.2 REVIT 2022
2.3 MICROSOFT EXCEL

METHODOLOGY
3
3.1 STUDY OF IS 875 1987
3.2 PREPARATION OF BUILDING LAYOUT USING AUTOCAD
3.3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING REVIT 2022
3.4 PROJECT PLANNING USING REVIT
3.5 COST ESTIMATION USING MICROSOFT EXCEL
LAYOUT OF G+4 BUILDING USING AUTOCAD
4
4.1 GENERAL
4.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT

4.3 LAYOUT USING AUTOCAD

RESULTS
5
7.1 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN RESULTS
7.2 FOUNDATION DESIGN

7.3 PROJECT PALNNING USING PRIMAVERA P6

7.4 COST ESTIMATE OF THE G+4 BUILDING

6 CONCLUSIONS
30

7 REFERENCES
31

5
 LIST OF TABLES

Sl No Table Page No

1 General Layout Details 10

2 Structural Details 21

3 Estimation and costing 27

6
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. Page No.

2.1 09

10
2.2
11
2.3
12
2.4

19
3.1

25
5.1

26
5.2

7
 Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 General

Any construction project to begin with starts with the Layout of the
building or structure followed by Design and Analysis of the structure
which is succeeded by cost estimation and planning for the said project.
This project involves the layout, design, analysis, planning and cost
estimation of a G+3 shopping mall located in BANAR ROAD , JODHPUR .

For completing the project very popular Civil Engineering software’s

such as AutoCAD, STAAD Pro V8i, Primavera Project Planner and
Microsoft Excel for Cost Estimation have been used.

1.2 Objectives of the Project

The objectives of the project are mentioned below:

1. Draft the Layout of the proposed building using AutoCAD

2. Plan the Project Schedule using REVIT 2022
3. Calculate the approximate cost of the building.

1.3 Role of AutoCAD

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer

aided design and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil,
mechanical, electrical, automation, architecture etc. It was first launched
in 1982 by Autodesk, Inc.

8
AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls,
doors and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them
rather than simple objects. The data can be programmed to represent
products sold in the building industry, or it can be extracted into a file
for pricing material estimation etc. In this project AutoCAD has been
used extensively for drafting and modelling for the structure. Also the
various detailing for the foundation has also been completed using
AutoCAD. Use of AutoCAD has drastically reduced the drafting time
when done manually thus saving time which can be used in other
productive work .
1.4 Role of Revit

Formally called Autodesk Revit, Revit is a type of building information

modeling (BIM) software. It has some of the AutoCAD features found in other
Autodesk products, but Revit focuses on features for engineers, architects,
designers, and contractors.
Revit contains a broad range of tools needed for architecture, engineering, and
construction (AEC). It can help with everything from ordering materials to
launching an opening ceremony. This software for construction products
stands out because it is one of the first three-dimensional BIM systems. It’s
gone through many changes over the years to ensure it’s always up-to-date
with industry standards.
Revit building can see how other teams’ designs are going and use this data to
inform their own designs. In addition to helping builders manage their
workflow, Revit helps with client communication. Clients can easily chsoftware
also makes it very easy for the various project teams to communicate with
each other. All changes are documented, so everyone is updated on any
alterations. The various people involved in the addition to helping builders
manage their workflow, Revit helps with client communication. Clients can

9
easily check up on progress and annotate as needed, so collaboration goes
seamlessly.

The builder’s main uses of Revit are trying designs and communicating with
other teams. In addition to these advantages, numerous small, helpful ways to
work with the program exist. Revit models can provide clash detection or help
you calculate materials needed for a project. All of these little perks add up to
a lot of saved time. Many companies use Revit to quickly get through time-
consuming tasks, so they can focus on the rest of the building process.
1.6 Role of Microsoft Excel in Cost Estimation

Excel is a typical spreadsheet which is nowadays widely used in cost

estimation and also sometimes for planning purposes. Excel has various
inbuilt calculation tools which can be used for complex calculation. Apart
from that one can also input one’s own formula for special calculations.
The user interface is very friendly and easy to use. There are around
Rows: 1,048,576 Columns: 16,384, which makes it easier for the user to
enter a large amount of data into a single spreadsheet. Also there are
features like the auto correct which make changes to the entire
document if there is an error in inputting an entry. This makes the job
the less redundant and easier for the Estimator.

The key objective of cost estimation is to arrive at an accurate cost and

schedules so as to avoid schedule slips and cost overruns. Cost
estimation goes beyond preparing approx. costs and helps in preparing
schedules, manage human resource, support assessment and decision
making. The wide range of topics in cost estimation represents the
crossing of various fields such as project management, business
management and engineering. Cost estimation recognises and pays

10
attention to the relationship between cost and physical dimension of
what is being built.

In a construction project there are several types of estimators such as

building estimator, electrical estimator, quantity surveyor etc. The work
of an estimator is very important because they help in planning,
managing the project cost, investment appraisal, risk analysis etc.
Estimators also help in budgeting, planning and monitoring a project.

11
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

2.1 AutoCAD

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer

aided design and drafting for various fields in engineering like civil,
mechanical, electrical, automation, architecture etc. It was first launched
in 1982 by Autodesk, Inc.

AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls,

doors and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them
rather than simple objects. The data can be programmed to represent
products sold in the building industry, or it can be extracted into a file
for pricing material estimation etc.

AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and

designing any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the
purpose of drafting and designing any structure. The software has
various inbuilt tools for complex drafting. Also AutoCAD can be used for
2D and 3D design and also for perspective design. Below is a screenshot
of the GUI of AutoCAD.

With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done.
It has made the life of a drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter
using paper and pencil. It has made possible to make easy changes in the
drawing as and when required. Also various commands such as COPY,

12
OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have made the tedious process of redundant
work quite easy and faster.

Also one of the important features of AutoCAD is the import and export
feature which allows users to move their plans drawn using autocad to
other design softwares such as STAAD Pro and ETABS with the help of
DXF file format which has in turn reduced load on the designer. Also
structural designs made on STAAD and ETABS are also exportable to
AutoCAD for minute detailing required.
2.2 STAAD Pro

STAAD Pro V8i has a very user friendly interface and very useful for
designing complex structures and analysing them. STAAD Pro V8i is a
design and structural analysis program developed by Research Engineers
International , CA. It was acquired by Bentley Systems in 2005. It is one
of the most widely used design and structural analysis software’s for
concrete, steel and timber design codes.

STAAD pro allows designers and structural engineers to design and

analyse virtually any type of structure through its very flexible modelling
environment, fluent data collection and advanced features.

STAAD pro supports over 70 international codes including IS456:2000

IS800:2007 and over 20 U.S codes in more than 7 languages.

The GUI or Graphical User Interface or user communicates with the

STAAD Pro analysis engine through the standard input file. That input
file, a text file consists of a series of commands which are sequentially
executed. These commands contain either instructions or data
pertaining to analysis and/or design. The STAAD Pro input file may be

13
created through the text editor or the GUI facility. Generally, any text
editor can be utilized to edit/create the STD input file. The GUI
Modelling facility creates the input file through an interactive graphics
oriented procedure.

STAAD allows users to create various types of structures and also

analyse these structures which are listed below

• A SPACE structure, is a 3D-frame structure in which loads may be

applied in any plane, it is the most general type.
• A PLANE structure is bound by any two axes with loads acting on
the same plane.
• A TRUSS structure is a structure having various truss members with
axial loading but no bending.
• A FLOOR structure is a 2D or 3D structure with no horizontal
movement of the structure. Columns are also to be modelled with
the floor in a FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no
horizontal loading. In case there is a horizontal load, it should be
analysed as a SPACE structure.

2.4 Microsoft Excel

Excel is a typical spreadsheet which is nowadays widely used in cost

estimation and also sometimes for planning purposes. Excel has various
inbuilt calculation tools which can be used for complex calculation. Apart
from that one can also input one’s own formula for special calculations.
The user interface is very friendly and easy to use. There are around
Rows: 1,048,576 Columns: 16,384, which makes it easier for the user to
enter a large amount of data into a single spreadsheet. Also there are
features like the auto correct which make changes to the entire
14
document if there is an error in inputting an entry. This makes the job
the less redundant and easier for the Estimator.
2.5 Case Studies

2.5.1 Bedabrata Bhattacharjee & A.S.V. Nagender 2007(NIT Rourkela):

They used STAAD pro for the analysis and design of a G+21 multi
storeyed building. The dead loads acting on the slab were calculated
manually while live load, seismic load and wind load have been entered
by following respective IS Codes. The design was done using limit state
of design according to IS 456:2000. They showed how efficiently and
easily such a high rise building can be designed within a very short span
of time.

2.5.2Ashis Debashis Behera 2012: This report studied the comparison

between two 30 storeyed buildings having the same layout and dimensions
but with two different load combinations

DL+LL+Seismic Load

DL+LL+Wind Load

The analysis and design for both the models were done using STAAD Pro.
The results showed that the building with seismic load combination
required more reinforcement than the building with the wind load
combination.

2.5.3 B. Suresh & P.M.B Raj Kiran Nanduri 2012: This research paper
focusses on the comparison between earthquake resistant analysis and
design vs the non-earthquake resistant analysis and design using STAAD
pro. This paper shows that the concrete and reinforcement requirement

15
for both structures is similar and that there is no higher cost involved in
building a structure with seismic loading.

2.5.4 Azidah Ziden, Fatariah Zakaria & Ahmad Nizam Othman

(Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia) 2012: This study shows
how AutoCAD can be an effective tool in increasing the performance of
students of various levels. It helps in proper visualisation of the project
to be undertaken and thus help students in learning Engineering Design
better. The study also shows how AutoCAD increases the efficiency of
the student/designer.

16
 Chapter 3

Methodology

3.1 Study of IS 875 1987

IS 875 deals with the various load cases that act upon a structure and
ways to calculate them. There are various parts of the code that deal
with the various load types such as dead load, live load, wind load, snow
load and various special loads and load combinations. As the building is
situated in Delhi and is not a high rise building, loads such as wind and
snow were not considered in the design process.

The Code gives the unit weights of various materials as well as the values
of imposed loads that act in various types of structures and parts of
these structures.
3.2 Preparation of Building Layout using AutoCAD

The layout for the proposed building was prepared, discussed and
approved by an architect. The layout was then prepared using AutoCAD.
The various layouts were prepared and then later discussed with the
architect for error correction.
3.3 Analysis and Design using STAAD Pro

Once the layout of the building was approved by the architect the layout
was transferred from AutoCAD to STAAD Pro using a DXF file format.
Once the layout was transferred, multiple stories were created using the
Translational Repeat Tool in Staad Pro. After this member properties
were assigned. Next the load cases were generated and applied to the

17
structure. Once the loads were applied the structure was analysed and
corrections were made to the structure for the various errors that were
generated while the structure was being analysed.

After the analysis, we started designing the structure by entering the

DESIGN tab in STAAD Pro. All the design parameters were entered and
load cases selected. This completes the design of the beam, columns and
slabs.

For designing the foundation STAAD foundation program is opened and

the structure along with the load cases is transferred. Once this is done
the soil conditions and the type of foundation is entered. After this the
program analyses and designs the foundation.
3.4 Project Planning using Primavera

For the purpose of planning the project Primavera P6 has been used. At
first the project details are entered such as start and finish date, field
related to the project. After the project has been created WBS is created
and their related activity. Once this has been done the time schedule of
each activity is entered and their related resources are assigned. After
this the various activities are linked. As these things are carried out a
gantt chart is created simultaneously which is the ultimate goal for using
primavera.
3.5 Cost Estimation using Microsoft Excel

The total steel and concrete requirement is calculated by STAAD Pro

reducing a lot of calculation. Remaining calculation left to be done is the
calculation of walls, cement plaster, doors and windows, earthwork and
foundation. The calculations are based on the centreline method which
is quite easy to do.

18
 The proposed design of shopping mall is to be designed as a R.C.C structure.
Ground floor is allotted for parking slot. The first floor has 15 shops and the
second floor has multi-purpose hall and grocery shop for boys and girls.
Separate shopping places for gents and ladies, chat items, sweetstall, coffee
shops, gift shops, are located in first floor. For quick access offirst and second
floor with one lift and staircases are provided in this building. Various
components like slab, column, beam, footing, staircaseand water tank are
design using sketchup pro. Detailed structural drawings are prepared using
AUTOCAD

19
 Chapter 4

Layout of G+3 Building Using AutoCAD

4.1 General

AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and

designing any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the
purpose of drafting and designing any structure. The software has
various inbuilt tools for complex drafting. Also AutoCAD can be used for
2D, 3D and for perspective design.

With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done.

4.2 Details of the Project:

The plot size for the project was 28x46 mts or 90’x150’. Accordingly the
building has been laid in the centre of the plot leaving ample space on all
the sides for landscaping and pathways for cars and for visitors parking.
Table 1 General Layout Details

Area of Plot 80’ * 72’

FAR 2.25(allowed)

Plot details Front – service road followed a green

belt from the main banar road
Left & right side – private residential
buildings
Rear – service lane

Number of Floors G+3

Number of Units 8

Ground Floor to be used as Car Parking

20
Type Apartment SHOPPING

Area of Each Apartment 246 sq m

Salient Features Of The Project:-

• Vaastu compliant design.

• Effective stepped planning for use of terraces at different levels.
• Separate entrances for all units.
• Combined lobby for all floors.

4.3 Layout Using AutoCAD

The layout has been mostly completed using the Line command. The
unit for the layout is metres with accuracy of “0.000”. Below is a screen
shot of the line diagram showing the centre line for beam and column
layout.

Fig 1.Beam and Column Layout using Layers

21
In the above picture the red lines signify the beam centre line while the
green rectangular boxes signify the Columns.The beams have a cross
section of .300x.400 m. The columns have a cross section of .400x.400
m. Slabs have a uniform thickness of 230mm while the staircase slab
has a thickness of 200mm. The floor to floor to height is kept at 3.15 m.

All the work has been done in layers in AutoCAD, for easy editing and
viewing. Layers make it easy to manipulate each individual layer making
it visible and invisible for clarity as well as locking the layer to prevent
editing in them. The various layers that have been used are

1. Walls
2. Beams
3. Columns
4. Slabs
5. Window
6. Door
7. text

The plan for the proposed project has 2 apartments in each floor having
a 3BHK layout along with a study and a family lounge. Each apartment
has two master bedrooms with attached bath n toilet. The third
bedroom shares a common bath and toilet with the rest of the
apartment.There are a total of 8 apartments divided in 4 floors. The
ground floor of the building will be used as parking.

22
 Chapter 5
Result

5.1 Foundation design

Fig 21.Elevation of Foundation 127

The Foundation Design Details for Footing no 127 are as follows

23
1. Cover : 50mm

2. Length: 3.75 m

3. Width: 3.75m

4. Thickness of Slab: 300mm

5. Reinforcement Top (X): 6mm@75mm

6. Reinforcement Top (Y): 6mm@75mm

7. Reinforcement Bottom (X): 6mm@75mm

8. Reinforcement Bottom (Y): 6mm@75mm

24
7.3 Project Planning using Revit

Fig 1.2 outer design of shopping mall

25
7.3 analysis and design result

The Indian Standard (IS) code used for the design:

Minimum design loads for Buildings other than seismic loads

a) IS 875 (Part 1): 1987 Dead loads

b) IS 875 (Part 2): 1987 Imposed loads

c) IS 875 (Part 3): 1987 Wind loads

d) IS 875 (Part 5): 1987 Special loads and load combinationsSeismic Provisions

for buildings

a) IS 1893: 2002 Criteria for earthquake resistance design of structure

b) IS 13920: 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced concrete Structures subjecte

d for Seismicforces- Code of PracticeBuilding code requirements for Structural

Concrete:

a) IS 456: 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of practice

b) b) SP 16: Structural use of concrete. Design charts for singly reinforced

beams, doubly reinforced beams and columns.

c) c) SP 34: Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement & Detailing.

26
 Fig 1.3 front design in auto cad

Length of Building 30.0m

Width of Building 20.0m

Height 3.15(Below GL)+G+4 @3.15m=18.9m

Live Load on the Floor 3.0 KN/m2

Grade of Concrete M30

Steel Fe 415

Column Size 0.5m x 0.5m

Beam Size 0.3m x 0.4m

Slab Thickness 230mm

Total No Columns 252

Total No Beams 581

No Of Footing 42

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7.4 Cost Estimate of G+2 Residential Building

The cost estimate includes the quantities of the various materials that have
been used and also an abstract cost for the construction of the building.
The cost estimate has been prepared using Microsoft Excel. Centre line
method has been followed for the calculation of the various quantities.

The first part of the Cost estimate contains the quantity survey for various
materials and it has been done individually for each of the 4 floors and also
for the earthwork and the ground floor.

The quantity estimate for concrete and rebar has been taken from the
Results. STAAD Pro gave the total amount of concrete take off for the
superstructure along with the rebar requirement of various diameters. The
weight of rebar was in form of Newton(N) which was converted to tons.

The second part of the cost estimate includes the Abstract Cost of the building
floor wise.

The rates used in the abstract have been taken from the CPWD Schedule of
Rates for Jodhpur.

Below is the Complete Cost Estimate including the quantity estimate and
abstract cost of the proposed G+3 Residential building in Banar Road, Jodhpur.

28
 quantity sheet
So. No. ITEM DESCRIPTION NO. LENGTH BREADTH HEIGHT QUANTITY
1 excavation in foundation 16 5 5 5.33 2132 cu.ft

2 PCC at foundation 16 5 5 0.25 100 cu.ft

thickness = 3''(0.25ft)

3 footing rectangle portion 16 3 3 0.33 47.52 cu.ft

thickness = 4''(0.33ft)

4 column concrete upto plinth 16 2 2 9.5 608 cu.ft

column (12''*12'')

5 column upto parapet 16 2 2 32.46 2077.44 cu.ft

column (12''*12'')

6 plinth beam
beam (9''*9'')(12') 8 12 0.75 0.75 54 cu.ft
beam(9''*9'')(20') 14 20 0.75 0.75 157.5 cu.ft
beam(9''*9'')(15') 4 15 0.75 0.75 33.75 cu.ft
245.25 cu.ft
7 same as first ,second and third floor 735.75 cu.ft

8 brick work in super str.

long wall 1' 8 20 1 9.84 1574.4 cu.ft
short wall 1' 6 15 1 9.84 885.6 cu.ft

total brick work long wall upto 3rd floor 3148.8 cu.ft
total brick work short wall upto 3rd floor 1771.2 cu.ft
4920
9 actual brick work
13.5 brick in 1 cu.ft 13.5 4920 66420 bricks

10 slab concrete 3 80 65 1 15600 cu.ft

COST ESTIMATION
1 item area(sqft) coefficient quantity cost
2 excavation 5600 2 11200
3 soil filling 5600 1.5 8400
4 labours 5600 12 67200
5 cement 5600 0.4 450/bags 2240 1008000
6 sand 5600 1.48 60/ 8288 497280
7 steel 5600 2.7 90/ 15120 1360800
8 aggregate 5600 1.35 60/ 7560 453600
9 bricks 5600 22.5 9/ 126000 1134000
10 stair case 5600 0.5 2800
11 labour 5600 250 1400000
12 plumbing 5600 100 560000
13 labours 5600 250 1400000
14 electrical 5600 20% 1120
15 glass 1600 150 240000
29
8144400 rs
 Chapter 8

Conclusion

8.1 Conclusion

This project includes the layout of G+2 residential building using AutoCAD,
Analysis and Design using revit , Planning and concludes with the cost
estimate for the entire project.

The layout of the proposed G+4 residential building is based on a plot of

size 80’ x 72 ‘ located at Banar Road , Jodhpur. Previously the plot was
being used as a commercial complex, but according to the new plan it will
be used as a multi-storeyed residential building. The ground floor of the
building will be used as parking while the remaing 2 floors will be divided
into 8 apartments each having an area of 400sq m. . All the drafting was
done using AutoCAD. Also these drawings made on AutoCAD also served as
a base for transfer of the structure for analysis and design into STAAD Pro.

The analysis and design of the entire structure has been completed using
auto CAD. The results include the various forces acting on various members
as well various schedules for various members. Also using the software we
got the concrete take-off as well as the weight of the various reinforcement
bars thus easing the load of cost estimation. The foundation has been
designed as an isolated footing using soil condition as medium. The
foundation design values were calculated using STAAD Foundation.

30
 References

1. IS 875 1987 (Part 1, 2 & 3)

2. Ms excel User Manual

3. Revit software

4. CPWD Schedule of Rates for Jodhpur

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primavera_%28software%29

7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STAAD

8.International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945

IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue IV/Oct.-Dec., 2012/104-106

Research Paper ”Earthquake analysis and design vs non earthquake analysis

and design using STAAD Pro” ByB. Suresh, P.M.B Raj kiran Nanduri

9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v7i2.1906

“Effectiveness of AutoCAD 3D Software as a Learning Support Tool”

10. Estimating, Costing, Specifications & Valuations in Civil Engineering

By Monojit Chakraborti (Book)

31