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Assignment-1 MATH-1051 EM-II

The document outlines 10 problems related to ordinary differential equations and complex analysis. Problem 1 asks to find the limit of a solution to a differential equation as x approaches infinity for different values of a constant. Problem 2 asks for the condition for which a differential equation admits certain types of solutions. Problem 3 relates to finding a second linearly independent solution using a known solution. Problem 4 extends problem 3 to a specific differential equation. The remaining problems cover topics like Wronskian determinants, Cauchy-Euler equations, analytic functions, and properties of functions that are analytic.

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Ved Prajapati
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39 views2 pages

Assignment-1 MATH-1051 EM-II

The document outlines 10 problems related to ordinary differential equations and complex analysis. Problem 1 asks to find the limit of a solution to a differential equation as x approaches infinity for different values of a constant. Problem 2 asks for the condition for which a differential equation admits certain types of solutions. Problem 3 relates to finding a second linearly independent solution using a known solution. Problem 4 extends problem 3 to a specific differential equation. The remaining problems cover topics like Wronskian determinants, Cauchy-Euler equations, analytic functions, and properties of functions that are analytic.

Uploaded by

Ved Prajapati
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Mathematics ASSIGNMENT 1

Program B. Tech. (SoE All branches) Semester II


Course Engineering Mathematics II Course MATH 1051
Code
Session Jan-May 2024 Unit Ordinary Differential
Equations and
Complex Analysis-I

1. Let 𝑦(𝑥) be the solution of the ordinary differential equation:


𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2
Find lim 𝑦(𝑥) for the following choices of constant 𝐵.
𝑥→∞
(a) 0 < 𝐵 < 1
(b) 𝐵 > 1

2. Consider the second order ODE:


𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 0. (𝐴 > 0, 𝐵 > 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

Find the condition for which the given ODE always admits two linearly independent
solutions that are products of exponential and trigonometric functions.

3. Suppose 𝑦1 (𝑥) be the known solution of the differential equation:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+ 𝑃(𝑥) + 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Show that if 𝑦2 (𝑥) = 𝑣(𝑥)𝑦1 (𝑥) is the another linearly independent solution then
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑃 𝑑𝑥
𝑣(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑦12 (𝑥)

4. Consider the second order ODE:

𝑦 ′′ + 𝑃𝑦 ′ + 𝑄𝑦 = 0. ……………………….. (A)

where 𝑃 and 𝑄 are constants. The substitution of 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 in (A) yields the auxiliary
equation:
𝑚2 + 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑄 = 0.
The two roots of the above quadratic equation are given by
−𝑃±√𝑃 2 −4𝑄
𝑚= 2

For 𝑃2 − 4𝑄 = 0 , we obtain only one solution as 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 with 𝑚 = −𝑃/2 . Prove that


the second linearly independent solution is given by 𝑥𝑒 −𝑃𝑥/2 .
[*Hint: Use result of Problem 3]
Department of Mathematics ASSIGNMENT 1

5. If 𝑦1 (𝑥) and 𝑦2 (𝑥) are two linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous equation:
𝑦 ′′ (𝑥) + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦(𝑥) = 0.

𝑦1 (𝑥)𝑦2′′ (𝑥)−𝑦2 (𝑥)𝑦1′′ (𝑥)


then show that 𝑃(𝑥) = −
𝑊(𝑥)

𝑦1 ′ (𝑥)𝑦2′′ (𝑥)−𝑦2 ′ (𝑥)𝑦1′′ (𝑥)


and 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑊(𝑥)

𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑦2 (𝑥)
where 𝑊(𝑥) = | | is the Wronskian determinant.
𝑦1′ (𝑥) 𝑦2′ (𝑥)
6. For certain values of the constant 𝑛 the function 𝑔 defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 is a solution
of Cauchy-Euler differential equation:
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ (𝑥) + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ (𝑥) − 10𝑥𝑦 ′ (𝑥) − 8𝑦(𝑥) = 0 ; (𝑥 > 0)

Determine all such values of 𝑛.


𝑥3 𝑦3
7. Consider a complex-valued function 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = ( 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 ) + 𝑖 ( 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦) on ℂ (set
of complex numbers).
(i) Is 𝑓 analytic at 𝑧 = 0?
(ii) Is 𝑓 analytic at 𝑧 = 𝑖?
Use Cauchy-Riemann equations to justify your answer.

8. Construct an example accompanied by a brief explanation that illustrates the following


fact: “If 𝑣 is a harmonic conjugate of 𝑢 in some domain 𝐷 then 𝑢 is, in general, not a
harmonic conjugate of 𝑣.”

9. Consider an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑖𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) such that 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) =


𝑘 (a constant) on ℂ. Use Cauchy-Riemann equations to show that 𝑓(𝑧) is constant on ℂ.

10. Suppose 𝑓(𝑧) is a function such that both 𝑓(𝑧) and 𝑓(𝑧) are analytic in domain 𝐷 then
prove that 𝑓(𝑧) is constant in 𝐷.

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