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EMI - Lab - Report 7, 146, 106

The document discusses a lab report on learning the physical properties of infrared and sonar sensors using a National Instruments sensor trainer kit. It includes a pre-lab note on the sensors, data collection and calibration tasks for each sensor, results, and conclusions on comparing the sensors' performance.

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Souban Javed
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13 views7 pages

EMI - Lab - Report 7, 146, 106

The document discusses a lab report on learning the physical properties of infrared and sonar sensors using a National Instruments sensor trainer kit. It includes a pre-lab note on the sensors, data collection and calibration tasks for each sensor, results, and conclusions on comparing the sensors' performance.

Uploaded by

Souban Javed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMSATS UNIVERSITY

ISLAMABAD

LAB REPORT 7

[EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

Muhammad Aashan Ali (FA20-BEE-106)

Muhammad Souban Javaid (FA20-BEE-146)

MARCH 25, 2024


LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

Learning the Physical Properties of Most Common Sensors


Used Today Using National Instruments (NI) QNET
Mechatronics Sensor (MECHKIT) Trainer (PART-1)
PRE-LAB
Write a 1-page note on Infrared and Sonar Sensors (No copying from lab manual and classmates).

Introduction:

In today's world of technology, sensors are essential tools used in various fields like robotics, automation,
and navigation. Among these sensors, two widely used types are infrared (IR) sensors and sonar sensors.
They operate on different principles to detect objects and measure distances, making them valuable assets in
diverse applications.

Infrared Sensors:

Infrared sensors work by emitting infrared light and detecting its reflection or presence to identify objects.
They are commonly used in proximity sensing applications, such as obstacle detection in robots or motion
sensors in security systems. While infrared sensors have a limited operating range, usually within a few
centimeters to a couple of meters, they offer quick response times and cost-effectiveness, making them
suitable for close-range detection tasks.

Sonar Sensors:

Sonar sensors, inspired by the echolocation abilities of animals like bats and dolphins, emit sound waves and
measure the time taken for these waves to bounce off objects and return to the sensor. This enables them to
calculate distances accurately. Sonar sensors are known for their long-range capabilities, often detecting
objects from a few centimeters to several meters away. They find applications in navigation systems, object
detection in autonomous vehicles, and underwater mapping.

Comparison:

While both infrared and sonar sensors serve similar purposes of detecting objects and measuring distances,
they have distinct characteristics. Infrared sensors are efficient for close-range sensing with fast response
times, whereas sonar sensors excel in long-range detection with finer resolution. Additionally, sonar sensors

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LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

are less susceptible to environmental factors like ambient light, making them more adaptable to various
conditions.

Conclusion:

Infrared and sonar sensors are indispensable components in modern technology, enabling machines to
perceive and interact with their surroundings effectively. Understanding the principles and unique features
of these sensors allows engineers and developers to select the most suitable sensor for specific applications,
ensuring optimal performance and reliability. As technology advances, the versatility and utility of infrared
and sonar sensors will continue to play a significant role in shaping the future of automation, robotics, and
navigation systems.

IN-LAB
Task 1 (Infrared Sensor):
Collect Data:

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LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

Calibrate Sensor:

Task 2 (Sonar Sensor):

Collect Data:

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LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

Results:

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LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

POST-LAB
IR Sensor
What did you notice when the target is close to the IR sensor? That is, did the behaviour of
the sensor change when the target was in close proximity as opposed to being further away?

Answer: We noticed that when the target is close to the IR sensor, there is a noticeable change in the
sensor's behavior compared to when the target is further away. Specifically, the sensor's output signal
strength or voltage increases, indicating a stronger response from the sensor when the target is nearby.

Sonar
What is the resolution and operating range of the sonar sensor? How does the resolution and range
compare with the IR sensor?

Answer: Generally, sonar sensors have a higher resolution and longer operating range compared to IR
sensors. Sonar sensors can distinguish objects closer together and detect them at distances ranging from a
few centimeters to several meters, while IR sensors are effective at shorter distances, typically within a few

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LAB REPORT 7 [EEE374] Electric Measurements &Instrumentation

centimeters to a couple of meters. This makes sonar sensors better suited for precise distance measurements
over greater distances.

CONCLUSION/CRITICAL ANALYSIS
In this lab, we learned how to use the infrared distance measuring sensor and sonar sensors on
the QNET MECHKIT. We gained hands-on experience in understanding their physical
properties and interpreting their output data. Through this exercise, we observed that while
infrared sensors excel at shorter distances, sonar sensors offer greater versatility with longer
operating ranges and finer resolution. This practical experience equipped us with foundational
knowledge for future projects involving sensor technology.

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